Nuevas fórmulas publicitarias: los advergames como herramienta de las comunicaciones de marketing

Los advergames son videojuegos orientados a la comunicación publicitaria. Su naturaleza de mensaje híbrido, al combinar contenido publicitario y contenido de entretenimiento, aporta interesantes posibilidades al desarrollo de comunicaciones de marketing en un entorno mediático en el que la publicidad tradicional ha ido perdiendo eficacia. El presente artículo delimita el concepto de advergame, analizando las diferentes tipologías existentes y sus efectos sobre diversos objetivos de marketing y de comunicación. Asimismo, se apuntan algunas recomendaciones a la hora de desarrollar comunicaciones de marketing mediante advergames, así como las cuestiones éticas y morales que deben considerarse

Factores explicativos de la intención de emprender en la mujer. Aspectos diferenciales en la población universitaria según la variable género

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es arrojar luz sobre los factores que explican la menor intencionalidad en la población femenina para involucrarse en procesos de creación de empresas. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que identifica un conjunto de variables que permiten explicar la intención de emprender en la población potencialmente emprendedora. La validación del modelo se ha realizado mediante una encuesta realizada a 1222 estudiantes de 12 titulaciones diferentes de la Universidad de Málaga. La aplicación del modelo a las poblaciones masculina y femenina ha permitido apreciar diferencias significativas en los patrones de comportamiento en función del género, identificando un proceso más complejo y necesitado de apoyo externo en la población femenina con respecto a la masculina.

Fine mapping and functional analysis of the multiple sclerosis risk gene CD6

CD6 has recently been identified and validated as risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), based on the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17824933, located in intron 1. CD6 is a cell surface scavenger receptor involved in T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as in thymocyte differentiation. In this study, we performed a haptag SNP screen of the CD6 gene locus using a total of thirteen tagging SNPs, of which three were non-synonymous SNPs, and replicated the recently reported GWAS SNP rs650258 in a Spanish-Basque collection of 814 controls and 823 cases. Validation of the six most strongly associated SNPs was performed in an independent collection of 2265 MS patients and 2600 healthy controls. We identified association of haplotypes composed of two non-synonymous SNPs [rs11230563 (R225W) and rs2074225 (A257V)] in the 2nd SRCR domain with susceptibility to MS (Pmax(T) permutation=161024). The effect of these haplotypes on CD6 surface expression and cytokine secretion was also tested. The analysis showed significantly different CD6 expression patterns in the distinct cell subsets, i.e. – CD4+ naı¨ve cells, P = 0.0001; CD8+ naı¨ve cells, P,0.0001; CD4+ and CD8+ central memory cells, P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively; and natural killer T (NKT) cells, P = 0.02; with the protective haplotype (RA) showing higher expression of CD6. However, no significant changes were observed in natural killer (NK) cells, effector memory and terminally differentiated effector memory T cells. Our findings reveal that this new MS-associated CD6 risk haplotype significantly modifies expression of CD6 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo in the treatment of high grade glioma patients: results from a randomized, double blind trial

Background The prognosis of patients bearing high grade glioma remains dismal. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is well validated as a primary contributor of glioma initiation and progression. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the EGFR extracellular domain and reaches Central Nervous System tumors, in nonclinical and clinical setting. While it has similar activity when compared to other anti-EGFR antibodies, it does not induce skin toxicity or hypomagnesemia. Methods A randomized, double blind, multicentric clinical trial was conducted in high grade glioma patients (41 anaplastic astrocytoma and 29 glioblastoma multiforme) that received radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo. Treatment and placebo groups were well-balanced for the most important prognostic variables. Patients received 6 weekly doses of 200 mg nimotuzumab or placebo together with irradiation as induction therapy. Maintenance treatment was given for 1 year with subsequent doses administered every 3 weeks. The objectives of this study were to assess the comparative overall survival, progression free survival, response rate, immunogenicity and safety. Results The median cumulative dose was 3200 mg of nimotuzumab given over a median number of 16 doses. The combination of nimotuzumab and RT was well-tolerated. The most prevalent related adverse reactions included nausea, fever, tremors, anorexia and hepatic test alteration. No anti-idiotypic response was detected, confirming the antibody low immunogenicity. The mean and median survival time for subjects treated with nimotuzumab was 31.06 and 17.76 vs. 21.07 and 12.63 months for the control group. Conclusions In this randomized trial, nimotuzumab showed an excellent safety profile and significant survival benefit in combination with irradiation.

Design of an optimised wheel profile for rail vehicles operating on two track gauges

This paper sets out an optimum synthesis methodology for wheel profiles of railway vehicles in order to secure good dynamic behaviour with different track configurations. Specifically, the optimisation process has been applied to the case of rail wheelsets mounted on double gauge bogies, that move over two different gauges, which also have different types of rail: the Iberian gauge (1668 mm) and the UIC gauge (1435 mm). Optimisation is performed using Genetic Algorithms and traditional optimisation methods in a complementary way. The objective function used is based on an ideal equivalent conicity curve which ensures good stability on straight sections and also proper negotiation of curves. To this end the curve is constructed in such a way that it is constant with a low value for small lateral wheelset displacements (with regard to stability), and increases as the displacements increase (to facilitate negotiation of curved sections). Using this kind of ideal conicity curve also enables a wheel profile to be secured where the contact points have a larger distribution over the active contact areas, making wear more homogeneous and reducing stresses. The result is a wheel profile with a conicity that is closer to the target conicity for both gauges studied, producing better curve negotiation while maintaining good stability on straight sections of track. The paper shows the resultant wheel profile, the contact curves it produces, and a number of dynamic analyses demonstrating better dynamic behaviour of the synthesised wheel on curved sections with respect to the original wheel.

Modelling rail corrugation with specific track parameters focusing on ballasted track and slab track

The objective of this paper is to compare 3 types of track (high performance ballasted track, STEDEF and AFTRAV) from the corrugation growth point of view. This work has considered different vehicle speeds and track radii, and the results have taken into account the four wheels of a bogie. These tracks have been studied using Finite Elements with Nastran-Patran and RACING, a tool developed in Matlab by the authors which estimates the corrugation growth tendency. The tracks are studied using the Finite Strip Method and the Periodic Structure Theory. Lateral and vertical receptances for track and vehicle have been obtained, as well as the corrugation growth functions. In the paper the tracks are ranked according to corrugation development.

Políticas sobre la integración de las TIC en la escuela de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

[ES]En la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca se han tomado una serie de decisiones estratégicas materializadas en diversas políticas, planes institucionales e iniciativas con el objeto de integrar, usar e innovar con TIC en las escuelas. Desde iniciativas pretéritas centradas básicamente en la dotación de infraestructuras, pasando por el perfeccionamiento del profesorado, actualmente existe un modelo que intenta unir de facto la política de infraestructura y la formación del los docentes para una utilización eficiente de las TIC. La descripción y el análisis del impacto de las mismas en el entorno escolar es el objetivo de esta investigación. En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo una metodología de corte cualitativo basada en la recogida de ideas, opiniones y valoraciones de políticos, técnicos, directores de centros, así como de profesores mediante entrevistas en profundidad (N=25). Los diferentes agentes educativos entrevistados reconocen que a día de hoy el modelo propuesto que unifica lo tecnológico, lo psicopedagógico y lo organizativo adolece de falta de información eficaz y de financiación impidiendo claramente un impacto real en las escuelas.

Increased opioid dependence in a mouse model of panic disorder

[EN] Panic disorder is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that shows co-occurrence with substance abuse. Here, we demonstrate that TrkC, the high-affinity receptor for neurotrophin-3, is a key molecule involved in panic disorder and opiate dependence, using a transgenic mouse model (TgNTRK3). Constitutive TrkC overexpression in TgNTRK3 mice dramatically alters spontaneous firing rates of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and the response of the noradrenergic system to chronic opiate exposure, possibly related to the altered regulation of neurotrophic peptides observed. Notably, TgNTRK3 LC neurons showed an increased firing rate in saline-treated conditions and profound abnormalities in their response to met5-enkephalin. Behaviorally, chronic morphine administration induced a significantly increased withdrawal syndrome in TgNTRK3 mice. In conclusion, we show here that the NT-3/TrkC system is an important regulator of neuronal firing in LC and could contribute to the adaptations of the noradrenergic system in response to chronic opiate exposure. Moreover, our results indicate that TrkC is involved in the molecular and cellular changes in noradrenergic neurons underlying both panic attacks and opiate dependence and support a functional endogenous opioid deficit in panic disorder patients.

Ideas y opiniones del educador de museos en relación a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación

[ES] Analizamos en este artículo las ideas y opiniones de los educadores de museos sobre las ventajas e inconvenientes de la integración y uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación en los museos y espacios de presentación del patrimonio. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, en la que han participado 45 educadores de museos, se ha utilizado la metodología por encuesta, analizando los aspectos a tener en cuenta en su integración y utilización, así como las ventajas e inconvenientes que aportan en la realidad de los museos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran opiniones favorables a la integración y uso de las mismas en estos contextos de aprendizaje y una actitud positiva hacia las tecnologías por parte de los educadores de museos.

Evidence for classification of c.1852_1853AA > GC in MLH1 as a neutral variant for Lynch syndrome

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by early onset cancers of the colorectum, endometrium and other tumours. A significant proportion of DNA variants in LS patients are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the c.1852_1853AA>GC (p.Lys618Ala) variant of the MLH1 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for LS. Methods: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the p.Lys618Ala variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the p.Lys618Ala variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and microsatellite instability in tumours from carriers of the variant. We genotyped p.Lys618Ala in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic colorectal cancer [CRC] patients, 250 index subjects from families suspected of having LS [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized LS families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the p.Lys618Ala variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of colorectal tumour DNA samples from 17 patients carrying the p.Lys618Ala variant was screened for microsatellite instability using five mononucleotide markers. Results: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the p.Lys618Ala variant; nine had sporadic CRC (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary CRC (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The p.Lys618Ala variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated LS families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the MSH6 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of microsatellite instability (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in tumours from p.Lys618Ala carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of MLH1 in CRC patients. Conclusions: The p.Lys618Ala variant should be considered a neutral variant for LS. These findings have implications for the clinical management of CRC probands and their relatives.

Clinical factors associated with a Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibody positive test in Intensive Care Unit patients

Background: Poor outcomes of invasive candidiasis (IC) are associated with the difficulty in establishing the microbiological diagnosis at an early stage. New scores and laboratory tests have been developed in order to make an early therapeutic intervention in an attempt to reduce the high mortality associated with invasive fungal infections. Candida albicans IFA IgG has been recently commercialized for germ tube antibody detection (CAGTA). This test provides a rapid and simple diagnosis of IC (84.4% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity). The aim of this study is to identify the patients who could be benefited by the use of CAGTA test in critical care setting. Methods: A prospective, cohort, observational multicentre study was carried out in six medical/surgical Intensive care units (ICU) of tertiary-care Spanish hospitals. Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibody test was performed twice a week if predetermined risk factors were present, and serologically demonstrated candidiasis was considered if the testing serum dilution was >= 1: 160 in at least one sample and no other microbiological evidence of invasive candidiasis was found. Results: Fifty-three critically ill non-neutropenic patients (37.7% post surgery) were included. Twenty-two patients (41.5%) had CAGTA-positive results, none of them with positive blood culture for Candida. Neither corrected colonization index nor antifungal treatment had influence on CAGTA results. This finding could corroborate that the CAGTA may be an important biomarker to distinguish between colonization and infection in these patients. The presence of acute renal failure at the beginning of the study was more frequent in CAGTA-negative patients. Previous surgery was statistically more frequent in CAGTA-positive patients. Conclusions: This study identified previous surgery as the principal clinical factor associated with CAGTA-positive results and emphasises the utility of this promising technique, which was not influenced by high Candida colonization or antifungal treatment. Our results suggest that detection of CAGTA may be important for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in surgical patients admitted in ICU.

Prognostic Role of Host Cyclooxygenase and Cytokine Genotypes in a Caucasian Cohort of Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma

11 p.

Estudio de la eficacia y seguridad de un dispositivo intraoral de avance mandibular en pacientes roncadores habituales con síndrome de apnea-hipopnea de carácter leve-moderado

184 p. : il.

Petrarca

Juan F. Alcina, Emilio Blanco, Pedro M. Cátedra, Javier Cercas, José María Micó, Rafael Ramos e Íñigo Ruiz Arzálluz con textos de Eugenio Asensio, Juan Benet, Fernando Lázaro Carreter y José-Carlos Mainer

Viajes de colores: atendiendo a la diversidad

RESUMEN: Con este Trabajo de Fin de Grado hemos diseñado y construido un juego que trabaja la diversidad cultural y lingüística, y que facilita, por consiguiente, una mejor integración del alumnado inmigrante. Para ello, en primer lugar, hemos analizado la situación del alumnado inmigrante en el País Vasco. Posteriormente, hemos recogido algunas concepciones del juego de ciertos autores y hemos investigado qué juegos había en el mercado que trabajaran aspectos culturales ylingüísticos. Así, al no cumplirse nuestras expectativas, hemos creado un juego para fomentar la diversidad lingüística y la educación intercultural y antirracista.