Expression and activity profiles of DPP IV/CD26 and NEP/CD10 glycoproteins in the human renal cancer are tumor-type dependent

Background: Cell-surface glycoproteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and regulation, thus being crucial in cell proliferation and cancer etiogenesis and development. DPP IV and NEP are ubiquitous glycopeptidases closely linked to tumor pathogenesis and development, and they are used as markers in some cancers. In the present study, the activity and protein and mRNA expression of these glycoproteins were analysed in a subset of clear-cell (CCRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytomas (RO). Methods: Peptidase activities were measured by conventional enzymatic assays with fluorogen-derived substrates. Gene expression was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR and membrane-bound protein expression and distribution analysis was performed by specific immunostaining. Results: The activity of both glycoproteins was sharply decreased in the three histological types of renal tumors. Protein and mRNA expression was strongly downregulated in tumors from distal nephron (ChRCC and RO). Moreover, soluble DPP IV activity positively correlated with the aggressiveness of CCRCCs (higher activities in high grade tumors). Conclusions: These results support the pivotal role for DPP IV and NEP in the malignant transformation pathways and point to these peptidases as potential diagnostic markers.

Análisis de los deberes escolares en la E.S.O. y exploración de un espacio colaborativo entre profesorado y familia en la Comunidad Autonóma Vasca

V, 341 p.

La arquitectura racionalista en Bilbao (1927-1950). Tradición y modernidad en la época de la máquina

1031 p.

El lenguaje en la política vasca: tres corrientes, tres lenguajes (1996-2004)

487 p. : il., col.

Cartas enviadas por Francisco de Belausteguigoitia a Justo Garate entre 1925 y 1952

8 cartas (manuscritas y mecanografiadas) ; entre 315x200mm y 155x183mm .- 1 Tarjeta de Navidad (manuscrita) ; 100x280mm.- 1 Invitación de boda (mecanografiada) ; 170x110mm.

Evolución y situación actual del comercio internacional de alimentos

Análisis de la evolución del comercio internacional de alimentos y de las implicaciones económicas, sociales y políticas del sistema comercial actual.

Plan de Marketing en entidades deportivas

A diario, mucha gente se ve obligada a comer lejos de su casa ya que, los apretados horarios, el trabajo, los estudios, la distancia u otros motivos no le permiten acudir a su hogar a almorzar tranquilamente. Además, los recortes sufridos por la crisis en los presupuestos de la mayoría de los hogares y empresas, han llevado a que muchas de esas personas no puedan acudir a comer a restaurantes y tengan que llevarse la comida preparada de su casa para comerla en la calle. Para dar solución a este problema, cada vez más presente en nuestra sociedad, en este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se ha ideado el recinto EATING POINT. Enmarcado dentro del servicio de deportes de los ayuntamientos, permite a sus usuarios comer su propia comida en un lugar agradable y en el centro de su ciudad. A lo largo del trabajo, se expone un plan de negocio para esta entidad deportiva, haciendo hincapié sobretodo, en lo referente a su plan de marketing, el cual se ha desarrollado siguiendo los criterios del marketing para el ámbito de los deportes. Además, se analiza la evolución del marketing deportivo, la política estratégica deportiva, el análisis de gestión y el marketing mix en los servicios deportivos.

San Francisco : a city reinvented by creative innovation

The aim of this paper is to analyse the recent evolution of the city of San Francisco to outline the major features that have made it possible this continuing process of creative innovation in the city. In order to meet this objective, the project is framed around answering two key research questions: (1) what are the main economic and social elements that characterise urban change in the city of San Francisco and (2) which is the role of public strategies in the continuing economic success of San Francisco. The paper concludes that the successful performance of San Francisco is the result of the actions taken by many agents in the city, but the role of public authorities, especially the City and County, must be stressed, both through direct intervention and by coordinating, fostering and supporting the private and non-profit sectors. This is especially relevant in a country like the US where private initiative has been seen in many occasions as the greatest driver of economic and social success. Yet, the performance of San Francisco City cannot be explained without the role played by the public sector, in coordination with the civil society

Cartas enviadas por Francisco de Belausteguigoitia a Justo Garate entre 1953 y 1976

10 cartas (mecanografiadas) ; entre 215x275mm y 215x140mm

Cartas enviadas por Francisco de Belausteguigoitia a Justo Garate entre 1977 y 1980

8 cartas (mecanografiadas) ; entre 210x300mm y 215x140mm.- 1 carta de Justo Garate a Belausteguigoitia en 1968 (mecanografiada) ; 225x175mm.- 1 esquela de la viuda de Belausteguigoitia ; 120x70mm

Derechos humanos y educación : retos de una nueva sociedad

[EU]Hitzaurrea (X. Etxague eta A. Lareki). - Giza Eskubideak eta gaitasunak derrigorrezko hezkuntzan: zeharkakotasunetik lantzeko proposamena (E. Cruz). - Giza Eskubideak eta adimen urritasuna duten pertsonak: Ordiziako Garaguneko esperientzia bat (J. F. Amiama). - Begirada bat Euskal Herriko haurrentzako eta gazteentzako aisia hezigarriari. Etengabe eraikitzen ari den eskubidea (J. Jiménez). - Informazioa eskuratzeko eskubidea landako eskoletan eta eskola unitarioetan (A. Fernández). - Gazteak sare sozialen bidez gizalegez sozializatzeko teoria politikoa helburu (E. Fernández eta J. M. Gutiérrez). - Komunikatzeko eskubidea eta pribatutasun eskubidea sarean: binomio kezkagarria 14 urtetik beherako seme alabak dituzten familientzat (J. Altuna). - Arimaren sufrimendua lausatzeko bertsoak (P. Pérez).

Polímeros de Coordinación con Centros Metálicos en Entornos de Coordinación Variables: Posibles Aplicaciones.

Presentación de power point. Comunicación oral presentada en el 1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs, celebrado en Granada en abril de 2015

Self-Organized Criticality, Plasticity and Sensorimotor Coupling. Explorations with a Neurorobotic Model in a Behavioural Preference Task

During the last two decades, analysis of 1/f noise in cognitive science has led to a considerable progress in the way we understand the organization of our mental life. However, there is still a lack of specific models providing explanations of how 1/f noise is generated in coupled brain-body-environment systems, since existing models and experiments typically target either externally observable behaviour or isolated neuronal systems but do not address the interplay between neuronal mechanisms and sensorimotor dynamics. We present a conceptual model of a minimal neurorobotic agent solving a behavioural task that makes it possible to relate mechanistic (neurodynamic) and behavioural levels of description. The model consists of a simulated robot controlled by a network of Kuramoto oscillators with homeostatic plasticity and the ability to develop behavioural preferences mediated by sensorimotor patterns. With only three oscillators, this simple model displays self-organized criticality in the form of robust 1/f noise and a wide multifractal spectrum. We show that the emergence of self-organized criticality and 1/f noise in our model is the result of three simultaneous conditions: a) non-linear interaction dynamics capable of generating stable collective patterns, b) internal plastic mechanisms modulating the sensorimotor flows, and c) strong sensorimotor coupling with the environment that induces transient metastable neurodynamic regimes. We carry out a number of experiments to show that both synaptic plasticity and strong sensorimotor coupling play a necessary role, as constituents of self-organized criticality, in the generation of 1/f noise. The experiments also shown to be useful to test the robustness of 1/f scaling comparing the results of different techniques. We finally discuss the role of conceptual models as mediators between nomothetic and mechanistic models and how they can inform future experimental research where self-organized critically includes sensorimotor coupling among the essential interaction-dominant process giving rise to 1/f noise.

Plastidic Phosphoglucose Isomerase Is an Important Determinant of Starch Accumulation in Mesophyll Cells, Growth, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Biosynthesis of Plastidic Cytokinins in Arabidopsis

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. It is involved in glycolysis and in the regeneration of glucose-6-P molecules in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). In chloroplasts of illuminated mesophyll cells PGI also connects the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway. In this work we isolated pgi1-3, a mutant totally lacking pPGI activity as a consequence of aberrant intron splicing of the pPGI encoding gene, PGI1. Starch content in pgi1-3 source leaves was ca. 10-15% of that of wild type (WT) leaves, which was similar to that of leaves of pgi1-2, a T-DNA insertion pPGI null mutant. Starch deficiency of pgi1 leaves could be reverted by the introduction of a sex1 null mutation impeding beta-amylolytic starch breakdown. Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells. RT-PCR analyses showed high expression levels of plastidic and extra-plastidic beta-amylase encoding genes in pgi1 leaves, which was accompanied by increased beta-amylase activity. Both pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mutants displayed slow growth and reduced photosynthetic capacity phenotypes even under continuous light conditions. Metabolic analyses revealed that the adenylate energy charge and the NAD(P) H/NAD(P) ratios in pgi1 leaves were lower than those of WT leaves. These analyses also revealed that the content of plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)-pathway derived cytokinins (CKs) in pgi1 leaves were exceedingly lower than in WT leaves. Noteworthy, exogenous application of CKs largely reverted the low starch content phenotype of pgi1 leaves. The overall data show that pPGI is an important determinant of photosynthesis, energy status, growth and starch accumulation in mesophyll cells likely as a consequence of its involvement in the production of OPPP/glycolysis intermediates necessary for the synthesis of plastidic MEP-pathway derived hormones such as CKs.

Altered glutamyl-aminopeptidase activity and expression in renal neoplasms

Background: Advances in the knowledge of renal neoplasms have demonstrated the implication of several proteases in their genesis, growth and dissemination. Glutamyl-aminopeptidase (GAP) (EC. 3.4.11.7) is a zinc metallopeptidase with angiotensinase activity highly expressed in kidney tissues and its expression and activity have been associated wtih tumour development. Methods: In this prospective study, GAP spectrofluorometric activity and immunohistochemical expression were analysed in clear-cell (CCRCC), papillary (PRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytoma (RO). Data obtained in tumour tissue were compared with those from the surrounding uninvolved kidney tissue. In CCRCC, classic pathological parameters such as grade, stage and tumour size were stratified following GAP data and analyzed for 5-year survival. Results: GAP activity in both the membrane-bound and soluble fractions was sharply decreased and its immunohistochemical expression showed mild staining in the four histological types of renal tumours. Soluble and membrane-bound GAP activities correlated with tumour grade and size in CCRCCs. Conclusions: This study suggests a role for GAP in the neoplastic development of renal tumours and provides additional data for considering the activity and expression of this enzyme of interest in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal neoplasms.