5 resultados para Efficacité des traitements

em Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer


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The European contract PECOSUDE (Small inshore fisheries of the south of Europe) accepted in 2000 for 2 years concerns French, Spanish and Portuguese partners. The aim is to assess the inshore and estuarine fisheries from Loire estuary to Portugal. Three levels of study are considered : fisheries (data 1999), socioeconomy and marketing (data 1999 or 2000). Exploitation in the 12 miles area for France and on continental shelf for northern Spain and Portugal (within 1000 m depth), as well as the fishing period lower than 96 hours was determined as the definition of this fishery for the study. Socioeconomic analyses are made only on boats smaller than 15 m. The fisheries part analyses the activity of the fishing vessels taking into account gears used, landed species, areas and fishing seasons. Within the 39 harbours of the south Bay of Biscay 1 799 coastal or estuarine vessels with 3 580 fishermen are located. Statics gears are predominant, and more than half of the vessels are polyvalent (using several gears). In 1999, landings were 20 6441 weight for 84 M¿ value. The fishing activity of these boats was also analysed by typology of the fleet, based on fishing gears and/or species landed. These characterisations allowed the application of stratified sampling for the implementation of socioeconomic investigations. The analysis of the information received from the fishermen allow to describe the production factors, to estimate their costs, as well as the turnover, the richness creation and the efficiency of the production means. The capital value of the south Bay of Biscay " ship " is established about 94 k¿, the average turnover amount to 83 k¿ and the average rate of added value to 70%. Products commercialisation vary from component to component, the importance of the sells in auction places depends on the landed species. Some valuable species are directly sold to particular

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Le présent rapport est une nouvelle version du rapport intitulé « Estimation de l’exploitation halieutique des navires de pêche français ». Il restitue les résultats des traitements des « données VMS » en offrant une précision spatiale accrue en matière d’occupation de l’espace marin, d’origine géographique des débarquements, et de dépendance des navires à certains secteurs de pêche.

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En 2013, les résultats des travaux menés dans le cadre des projets "Spectrhabent-OI" (2009-2012), étendus au projet "Bioindication" (2012-2013) ont permis d'illustrer le potentiel important représenté par les nouvelles techniques d'imagerie aérienne hyperspectrale appliquées sur les plateformes récifales de l'île de La Réunion. L'objectif principal du projet HYSCORES (2015-2016) est de consolider ces premiers résultats dans une perspective de mise en œuvre opérationnelle de ces nouvelles méthodes dans le cadre de la DCE (directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau (2000/60/CE)). Pour cela 3 axes de recherche sont proposés : 1) l’étude et l'évaluation de la pertinence de l'indicateur VCH (vitalité corallienne hyperspectrale) proposé en 2012 ; 2) la capacité de l'indicateur à mettre en évidence une évolution de l'état global entre 2009 et 2015 ; 3) mieux cerner et quantifier les moyens et les ressources nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de ces nouvelles techniques en routine. Le projet s'appuie pour cela sur une nouvelle campagne d'acquisition de données brutes hyperspectrales réalisée en 2015 et couvrant les 4 principaux récifs frangeants de La Réunion. Ce rapport final présente le projet et ses objectifs dans leur globalité. Il détaille l'ensemble des méthodologies mises en œuvre dans le cadre des traitements numériques et décrit les résultats produits. Il s'attache également à l'analyse des résultats de la campagne 2015 HYSCORES en regard des résultats antérieurs (Spectrhabent-OI / BioIndication). A travers une analyse diachronique il confirme et illustre l'intérêt de ces nouvelles techniques pour évaluer les changements (gains et pertes) tant pour la Vitalité Corallienne Hyperspectrale (VCH) que pour le recouvrement corallien en général. Ce travail ouvre également sur de nouvelles perspectives en termes d'Indices (types coralliens par exemple) susceptibles de venir compléter la VCH dans le cadre de l'évaluation de l'Etat des plateformes récifales. L'ensemble des données et des résultats produits sont diffusés librement à travers les portails Sextant océan Indien et Archimer.

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This report presents a new extraction method of the dinophysistoxins (DTXs), confirmed by quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with an ion trap and electro spray interface (HPLC/ESI/MS2). The method originality consists on the adaptation of DTXs basic extraction procedure (liquid/ liquid) to a solid phase extraction (SPE) via a robotic station: ASPEC XLi The parameters of the automatization procedure were optimized to obtain the best DTXs recovery rate. These improvements were loaded with digestive gland mussel homogenat realized on a silica cartridge SPE, activated in hexane/chloroform (50:50), washed with hexane/chloroform (50:50) and extracted by an elution gradient (chloroform methanol (65:35) and methanol (100%)). This method was validated according to two normative referentials (linearity, detection quantification limits and accuracy…) : - The Guide of the Pharmacy industry: Analytical Validation, report of the commission SFSTP 1992 (French Corporation of the Sciences and Technical Pharmaceutical), - - The Procedure of validation of an alternative method in compare to a reference method. (AFNOR, 1998. NF V 03-110). Comparison with the classical liquid/liquid extraction and the automated method present clear advantages. In an analytical method the extraction is generally considered to be the most labor-intensive and error-prone step. This new procedure allowed us to increase throughput, to improve the reproducibility and to reduce the error risks due to the individual manual treatments.

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The study of a first annual hydrobiological cycle on the site of Flamanville was carried out through 19 campaigns conducted between July 76 and June 77. Twelve of them are considered as "heavy" and took place on the following dates: July 8th, 76; August 6th, September 4th, October 3rd, November 3rd, December 16th, January 5th, 77; February 2nd, March 3rd, April 14th, May 10th and May 24th. Seven campaigns consist only in one sample July 23rd, 76; August 21st, September 16th, November 19th, January 19th, 77; February 17th and June 16th. However, some variables which had not been measured during these "light" missions have not been taken into account for the analysis. A first global analysis groups together the first ten campaigns (in May, the nutritive salts had not been measured) and presents the annual variations of nine parameters: temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrates (N0 3), nitrites (N0 2), phosphates (P0 4), silicates (Si0 2), chlorophyll and pheopigments. A second study of the annual hydrobiological cycle includes all campaigns but only five variables: temperature, salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll and pheopigments.