Survival, growth, and yield of brown trout stocked as fingerlings in Hot Creek, California

Four groups of fin clipped brown trout (Salmo trutta) fingerlings were planted in Hot Creek over a six year period. Survival and growth were estimated by fall and/or spring mark-and-recapture surveys. Yield to the angler for two of the tour groups stocked was estimated by stratified random creel surveys. Fingerling survival from the midsummer stocking period to fall averaged 51 %. Overwinter survival from young-of-the-year to yearling fish averaged 49%. Angler harvest of two groups of fingerlings stocked at densities of 16,082 fish/mile averaged 1,704 trout/mile (10.6%) and 194 lbs/acre. Abundant cover and microhabitat suitable tor young trout, ice-free winters, and rapid growth were factors viewed as contributing to high yields. Results do not suggest a change is needed in the general policy of not stocking brown trout fingerlings in California streams. Results do show that fingerlings stocked in Hot Creek, and presumably other productive streams with abundant cover, can effectively fill a void created by limited recruitment. (PDF contains 24 pages.)

Design for Survival: Sustainability for Planet and Structure

Buildings in Port Aransas encounter drastic environmental challenges: the potential catastrophic storm surge and high winds from a hurricane, and daily conditions hostile to buildings, vehicles, and even most vegetation. Its location a few hundred feet from the Gulf of Mexico and near-tropical latitude expose buildings to continuous high humidity, winds laden with scouring sand and corrosive salt, and extremes of temperature and ultraviolet light. Building construction methods are able to address each of these, but doing so in a sustainable way creates significant challenges. The new research building at the Marine Science Institute has been designed and is being constructed to meet the demand for both survivability and sustainability. It is tracking towards formal certification as a LEED Gold structure while being robust and resistant to the harsh coastal environment. The effects of a hurricane are mitigated by elevating buildings and providing a windproof envelope. Ground-level enclosures are designed to be sacrificial and non-structural so they can wash or blow away without imposing damage on the upper portions of the building, and only non-critical functions and equipment will be supported within them. Design features that integrate survivability with sustainability include: orientation of building axis; integral shading from direct summer sunlight; light wells; photovoltaic arrays; collection of rainwater and air conditioning condensate for use in landscape irrigation; reduced impervious cover; xeriscaping and indigenous plants; recycling of waste heat from air conditioning systems; roofing system that reflects light and heat; long life, low maintenance stainless steel, high-tensile vinyl, hard-anodized aluminum and hot-dipped galvanized mountings throughout; chloride-resistant concrete; reduced visual impact; recycling of construction materials.

Comparisons of Shark Catch Rates on Longlines Using Rope/Steel (Yankee) and Monofilament Gangions

During the months of June through September in 1991 and 1992, 71 shark longlines were fished in the Chesapeake Bight region ofthe U.S. mid-Atlantic coast with a combination of rope/steel (Yankee) and monofilament gangions. A total of 288 sharks were taken on 3,666 monofilament gangions, and 352 sharks were caught on 6,975 Yankee gangions. Catch rates between gear types differed by depth strata, by month, and by species. Analyses were divided between efforts in the nursery ground ofthe sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in Chesapeake Bay and efforts outside the Bay. Mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) ± SE, as sharks caught per 100 hooks fished, was significantly (P<0.05) lower for Yankee gangions. Mean CPUE's for sandbar sharks in the nursery ground were 20.6 ± 3.8 for Yankee gangions and 26.0 ± 3.0 for monofilament gangions, and mean CPUE's for all species combined outside the Bay were 3.7 ± 0.7 for Yankee gangions, and 6.9 ± 1.2 for monofilament gangions.

An accelerated method of hot air drying of fish

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the rate of drying of split open fish and salted fish in a tunnel dryer have been studied at a constant air velocity. By a judicious combination of these two, the rate of drying could be considerably accelerated, 10 to 12 hours only being required for drying to moisture levels below 30% in the case of mackerel, lactarius, otolithes and kilimeen (Nemipterus japonicus)

Utilization of treated wood, steel, fibreglass, ferrocement and aluminium in the construction of modern fishing boats and their comparative cost analysis

Modern fishing boats have to be built not only on perfect lines but also with sound and strong construction materials that will ensure a long lasting trouble free service commensurate with the heavy capital investment involved. Choice of construction materials for fishing boats need careful scrutiny as they have to perform too well under most aggressive environments-sea-water and marine atmosphere. A number of alternative boat-building materials are now available whose comparative merits and demerits as well as comparative costs are brought out in this paper.

Evolution of suitable type of bottom trawls for the medium size steel trawlers of Orissa Fisheries Department

This paper deals with the results of fishing operations conducted with conventional trawls of size 22.3 - 25.6 m and gear of 32 m long wing and bulged belly designed and developed at the Central Institute of Fishery Technology, from four medium size trawlers of Orissa Fisheries Department during 1970-71 and 1971-72 fishing seasons. By employing suitable and standard size gear there was proper utilisation of the engine power with resultant increase in the total landings of shrimps and bottom and off bottom fishes.

The Gjerstad kiln: a combined hot and cold smoking kiln

A combined hot and cold smoking kiln has been constructed for use at Lake Turkana, Kenya. Used for cold smoking, the kiln's main advantages over the traditional kilns used in this area are its greater smoking capacity and lower firewood consumption. Having the option of using the same smoke house for cold and hot smoking reduces the total construction costs for an operator producing both types of smoke cured product. The hot smoking process was found to require markedly less firewood than cold smoking, a fact of considerable importance in desert or semi-desert areas with sparse vegetation.

Preparation and keeping quality of hot smoked mackerel

A method has been standardised for the production of smoke cured mackerel by dry salting in the ratio of 1:8 salt to fish followed by smoking in a traditional smoke chamber at 70±5°C for 5h. The smoke was generated by burning moist coconut husk and saw dust. The product obtained by this method had shelf-lives of 105, 95 and 6 days in chilled storage (0 to 2°C) refrigerated storage (10±2°C) and at room temperature (29±2°C) respectively.