Mine-waste pollution of Bear Butte Creek, Black Hills, South Dakota

Effluents leaving the Gilt Edge Mining properties in the Black Hills near Deadwood, South Dakota, were collected during April 1940. Field studies of these effluents and of the streams receiving them were made at the time and subsequently laboratory assays and analyses have been completed. ... Data from this particular case of mine waste pollution are presented here.

Interactions between climatic variables controlling subalpine tree growth: implications for climatic history of the Sierra Nevada, California

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Tree-ring records from foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) growing near tree line in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, show strong correlations with summer temperature and winter precipitation. Response surfaces portraying tree growth as a function of summer temperature and winter precipitation indicate a strong interaction between these variables in controlling growth. ... Above average growth for both foxtail pine and western juniper from AD 1480 to 1570 can be interpreted as indicating an extended period of warm, moist conditions unequalled during the 20th century.

Holocene history of the El Niño phenomenon as recorded in flood sediments of northern coastal Peru

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): The Holocene history of flooding in northern coastal Peru is believed to be a proxy record for the El Niño phenomenon. A recently completed set of 30 radiocarbon dates on overbank flood deposits and a tsunami deposit from the Casma region (Figure 1 and Table 1) establishes a chronology for the largest events that have occurred during the last 3500 years. ... The data presented here indicate that events much larger than the one in 1982-1983 may occur with a frequency of about once every 1000 years.

A 139-year dendroclimatic cycle, cultural/environmental history, sunspots, and longer-term cycles

Higher resolution time-stratigraphic records suggest correlation of lower frequency paleoclimatic events with Milankovitch obliquity/precessional cycles and of higher frequency events with the evidently resonance-related Pettersson maximum tidal force (MTF) model. Subsequently published records, mainly pollen, seemingly confirm that atmospheric resonances may have modulated past climatic changes in phase with average MTF cycles of 1668, 1112, and 556 years, as calculated in anomalistic years from planetary movements by Stacey. Stacey accepts Pettersson's dating of AD 1433 (517 YBP) for the last major perihelian spring tide based solely on calculations of moon- and earth-orbital relations to the sun. Use of AD 1433 as an origin for the tidal resonance model seemingly continues to provide a best fit for the timing of cyclical patterns in the presented paleoclimate time series.

Life history and behaviour of Indian prawns

Studies on life history and behaviour of prawns form an essential background for the understanding of the disposition of their fisheries and for the formulation of effective methods of exploitation and measures of conservation.

Life history of prawns: a review of recent studies with special reference to Indian species

The paper contains a brief review of the studies on the life histories of Indian species of prawns chiefly belonging to the family Penaeidae. References to similar work carried out outside India are furnished where significant variations have been observed. The three main larval stages viz., Nauplius, Protozoea and Zoea (Mysis) and their important characteristics, including modes of locomotion, are described. The post-larval development of one species that has been studied in detail (Metapenaeus dobsoni) is indicated in outline. Some aspects of the bionomics of these prawns, especially breeding and migration, are also briefly dealt with in view of their relevance in their life cycle. An outline of the life histories of some Palaemonid prawns of both fresh water and marine habitats is added at the end and the need for well- planned investigations in regard to species of such economic value as Palaemon carcinus (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is indicated.

Seasonal variation in the chemical composition of pomfrets. Pt. 1. Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger)

Seasonal variations in proximate composition of the different parts such as head, middle, tail and skin of black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) are reported over three years on monthly basis. The lean and fatty conditions of fish are discussed on the basis of spawning period, food and feeding activity, size group appearance and the gonadal maturity of the pomfret.

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of black carp (Mylopharyngodon spiceus Richardson) in Bangladesh

The length-weight relationship and condition factor of Mylopharyngodon spiceus were determined. The result of the study showed the dependence of weight (W) on the total length (L) in the following form: W= 0.006L(super 3.156) or in the logarithmic form Log W=- 2.1851 + 3.156 Log L. Standard errors of length and weight were 0.674 cm and 3.214 g respectively. The co-efficient correlation "r" was found to be 0.972 which indicated that the relationship between length and body weight of the fish was highly significant. The t-test also indicated that the correlation between length and weight was significant. The range and mean value of condition factor (K) were 0.865 to 1.041 and 0.958 respectively.

Relation of nutrition and salinity to growth in black mollies

Optimum growth, impaired growth and mortality hi black molly are studied in diluted sea water, sea water and also by introducing laboratory prepared diets. Rapid acclimation in conjunction with enhanced growth capacity was attained at 2‰ concentration of common salt in water, and 2‰ and 5‰ dilutions of sea water. 22‰ protein content in the diet was found to be adequate for growth and fertility of fishes acclimated at a salinity of 2‰. Higher protein content and other nutritive elements were necessary for fishes acclimated at 5‰ and 14‰. Fertility was increased in sea-water dilutions rather than in common salt-water dilutions.

The history and research results of the East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization from 1946 - 1966.

Continuous research on the freshwater fisheries industry in East Africa, in common with most other African countries, did not commence until the end of the Second World War in 1945. Before the war some work on the fishes and hydrobiology of the lakes of East Africa had been undertaken by a series of scientific expeditions, which were sent out from Europe, between the years 1896 and 1939. These expeditions usually lasted for only a few months, and the collected data were published by young graduates and undergraduates, including such people as Mr. L. C. Beadle, (lately Professor Beadle of Makerere), Mr. V. E. Fuchs (now Sir Vivian Fuchs) and Mr. E. B. Worthington of Gonville and Caius College,Cambridge. Later. Dr. Worthington became Scientific Secretary to the Scientific Council for Africa, Scientific Secretary to the East African High Commission, and played a very large part in the furtherance of fisheries research and management in East Africa.

Trade of live brooders of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus Monodon Fabricius 1978, at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

The demand for brooders of Penaeus monodon by the hatcheries, which are solely dependant on wild brooders for their seed production, has resulted in a vigorous fishery and trade for this species, especially along the Visakhapatnam coast. More than three hundred brooders are brought in per day for trading during the peak landing season from December to March every year. The price of gravid brooders has been declining over the years but on an average is about Rs. 30,000 per brooder. The total length of male brooders ranged from 190 to 246 mm during the three years under study and for females it varied between 210 and 330 mm. A specialized methodology for transportation, storage and trade of P. monodon brooders has been evolved over the years at Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour. Concentrated exploitation of brooders from the wild and presence of pathogens in them makes a strong case for development of specific pathogen free brooders and conservation of wild stock.