3 resultados para Lock 12
em CaltechTHESIS
Resumo:
Laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) consists of two complex large-scale laser interferometers designed for direct detection of gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range 10Hz - 5kHz. Direct detection of space-time ripples will support Einstein's general theory of relativity and provide invaluable information and new insight into physics of the Universe.
Initial phase of LIGO started in 2002, and since then data was collected during six science runs. Instrument sensitivity was improving from run to run due to the effort of commissioning team. Initial LIGO has reached designed sensitivity during the last science run, which ended in October 2010.
In parallel with commissioning and data analysis with the initial detector, LIGO group worked on research and development of the next generation detectors. Major instrument upgrade from initial to advanced LIGO started in 2010 and lasted till 2014.
This thesis describes results of commissioning work done at LIGO Livingston site from 2013 until 2015 in parallel with and after the installation of the instrument. This thesis also discusses new techniques and tools developed at the 40m prototype including adaptive filtering, estimation of quantization noise in digital filters and design of isolation kits for ground seismometers.
The first part of this thesis is devoted to the description of methods for bringing interferometer to the linear regime when collection of data becomes possible. States of longitudinal and angular controls of interferometer degrees of freedom during lock acquisition process and in low noise configuration are discussed in details.
Once interferometer is locked and transitioned to low noise regime, instrument produces astrophysics data that should be calibrated to units of meters or strain. The second part of this thesis describes online calibration technique set up in both observatories to monitor the quality of the collected data in real time. Sensitivity analysis was done to understand and eliminate noise sources of the instrument.
Coupling of noise sources to gravitational wave channel can be reduced if robust feedforward and optimal feedback control loops are implemented. The last part of this thesis describes static and adaptive feedforward noise cancellation techniques applied to Advanced LIGO interferometers and tested at the 40m prototype. Applications of optimal time domain feedback control techniques and estimators to aLIGO control loops are also discussed.
Commissioning work is still ongoing at the sites. First science run of advanced LIGO is planned for September 2015 and will last for 3-4 months. This run will be followed by a set of small instrument upgrades that will be installed on a time scale of few months. Second science run will start in spring 2016 and last for about 6 months. Since current sensitivity of advanced LIGO is already more than factor of 3 higher compared to initial detectors and keeps improving on a monthly basis, upcoming science runs have a good chance for the first direct detection of gravitational waves.
Resumo:
The lowest T = 2 states have been identified and studied in the nuclei 12C, 12B, 20F and and 28Al. The first two of these were produced in the reactions 14C(p,t)12C and 14C (p,3He)12B, at 50.5 and 63.4 MeV incident proton energy respectively, at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The T = 2 states in 20F and 28Al were observed in (3He,p) reactions at 12-MeV incident energy, with the Caltech Tandem accelerator.
The results for the four nuclei studied are summarized below:
(1) 12C: the lowest T = 2 state was located at an excitation energy of 27595 ± 20 keV, and has a width less than 35 keV.
(2) 12B: the lowest T = 2 state was found at an excitation energy of 12710 ± 20 keV. The width was determined to be less than 54 keV and the spin and parity were confirmed to be 0+. A second 12B state (or doublet) was observed at an excitation energy of 14860 ± 30 keV with a width (if the group corresponds to a single state) of 226 ± 30 keV.
(3) 20F: the lowest T = 2 state was observed at an excitation of 6513 ± 5 keV; the spin and parity were confirmed to be 0+. A second state, tentatively identified as T = 2 from the level spacing, was located at 8210 ± 6 keV.
(4) 28Al: the lowest T = 2 state was identified at an excitation of 5997 ± 6 keV; the spin and parity were confirmed to be 0+. A second state at an excitation energy of 7491 ± 11 keV is tentatively identified as T = 2, with a corresponding (tentative) spin and parity assignment Jπ = 2+.
The results of the present work and the other known masses of T = 2 states and nuclei for 8 ≤ A ≤ 28 are summarized, and massequation coefficients have been extracted for these multiplets. These coefficients were compared with those from T = 1 multiplets, and then used to predict the mass and stability of each of the unobserved members of the T = 2 multiplets.
Resumo:
PART I
The total cross-section for the reaction 21Ne(α, n)24Mg has been measured in the energy range 1.49 Mev ≤ Ecm ≤ 2.6 Mev. The cross-section factor, S(O), for this reaction has been determined, by means of an optical model calculation, to be in the range 1.52 x 1012 mb-Mev to 2.67 x 1012 mb-Mev, for interaction radii in the range 5.0 fm to 6.6 fm. With S(O) ≈ 2 x 1012 mb-Mev, the reaction 21Ne(α, n)24Mg can produce a large enough neutron flux to be a significant astrophysical source of neutrons.
PART II
The reaction12C(3He, p)14N has been studied over the energy range 12 Mev ≤ Elab ≤ 18 Mev. Angular distributions of the proton groups leading to the lowest seven levels in 14N were obtained.
Distorted wave calculations, based on two-nucleon transfer theory, were performed, and were found to be reliable for obtaining the value of the orbital angular momentum transferred. The present work shows that such calculations do not yield unambiguous values for the spectroscopic factors.
