Innovations in the video game industry: changing global markets

The paper examines the video game industry in the perspective of being the paradigm of innovation in digital media and content. In particular, it analyses the response to two main factors that have impacted this industry over the last decade. First, it tracks the evolution of its global market and its emerging geography with the rise of Asia. Second, within this global landscape the paper explores how the changes derived from mobile and on-line gaming enabled major transformations of this industry. From here, some conclusions on the lessons from the evolution of this sector for the whole media and content industries are presented.

3D simulation of complex shading affecting PV systems taking benefit from the power of graphics cards developed for the video game industry

Shading reduces the power output of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The design engineering of PV systems requires modeling and evaluating shading losses. Some PV systems are affected by complex shading scenes whose resulting PV energy losses are very difficult to evaluate with current modeling tools. Several specialized PV design and simulation software include the possibility to evaluate shading losses. They generally possess a Graphical User Interface (GUI) through which the user can draw a 3D shading scene, and then evaluate its corresponding PV energy losses. The complexity of the objects that these tools can handle is relatively limited. We have created a software solution, 3DPV, which allows evaluating the energy losses induced by complex 3D scenes on PV generators. The 3D objects can be imported from specialized 3D modeling software or from a 3D object library. The shadows cast by this 3D scene on the PV generator are then directly evaluated from the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Thanks to the recent development of GPUs for the video game industry, the shadows can be evaluated with a very high spatial resolution that reaches well beyond the PV cell level, in very short calculation times. A PV simulation model then translates the geometrical shading into PV energy output losses. 3DPV has been implemented using WebGL, which allows it to run directly from a Web browser, without requiring any local installation from the user. This also allows taken full benefits from the information already available from Internet, such as the 3D object libraries. This contribution describes, step by step, the method that allows 3DPV to evaluate the PV energy losses caused by complex shading. We then illustrate the results of this methodology to several application cases that are encountered in the world of PV systems design. Keywords: 3D, modeling, simulation, GPU, shading, losses, shadow mapping, solar, photovoltaic, PV, WebGL

Diseño y desarrollo de videojuegos 2D bajo plataforma comercial

Desde su aparición en los años 50, los videojuegos han estado muy presentes en la vida de los jóvenes. Un mercado que nunca se ha mantenido estático, donde la revolución científica vivida en el siglo XX ha colaborado en su gran evolución. Empezando por un juego implementado en una máquina de rayos catódicos, pasando por las recreativas, hasta meterse en los hogares de cualquier familia con los PC y videoconsolas. Contando además con una calidad gráfica que hace difícil diferenciar hoy en día entre realidad y mundo virtual. Pero no sólo los videojuegos están concebidos para el ocio y desconectar de la realidad. Existe un concepto llamado “gamification”, una técnica que busca el transmitir conocimientos, ayudar a personas con discapacidades, facilitar las rehabilitaciones, etc… transformando actividades que puedan parecer aburridas, en algo divertido. Aquí es donde entran los juegos serios, juegos que buscan tales objetivos. Dado que los videojuegos hoy en día están muy metidos en la sociedad, y cada vez llegan a más público de distintas edades y género. Hemos elegido este proyecto para fomentar la creación de videojuegos serios, a través de un tutorial completo con el motor gráfico Unity, intentando usar el mayor número de herramientas posible. ABSTRACT. From the beginning in the 1950s, video games have played an important role in young people’s life. A market that has never been static, where scientific revolution lived in the twentieth century has contributed to a great evolution. Starting from a game implemented on a cathode ray machine, reaching arcade rooms and then getting into families with PCs and consoles. Nowadays the graphic quality makes difficult to differentiate between reality and the virtual world. Not only video games are designed for leisure and to disconnect from the real world for a while. There is a concept called “gamification”, a technique which tends to transmit knowledge, give help to people with disabilities, facilitate rehab, etc. Transforming activities, which might seem boring into fun ones. This is where serious games take place, games looking for the goals mentioned. Since nowadays video games are completely set in our society, and increasing a wider public with different ages and gender, this project has been chosen to promote the creation of serious video games, through a complete tutorial with the game engine - Unity - attempting to use as many tools as it can be possible.