Diseño e Implementación de un Laboratorio Virtual de Biotecnología.

Este trabajo describe el diseño y la implementación de un laboratorio virtual de biotecnología, en el que uno o más estudiantes pueden realizar una práctica de ingeniería genética. Esta práctica consiste en modificar genéticamente un árbol (chopo) para dotarlo de una mayor resistencia a enfermedades, especialmente las producidas por hongos. Como parte de este trabajo, se ha realizado un análisis sobre plataformas existentes para la creación de entornos virtuales, tales como Second Life, Bitmanagement Software Collaborate System, OpenSimulator, Open Wonderland; además se han presentado otros trabajos similares a éste existentes en la literatura científica. En este análisis, la plataforma OpenSimulator fue seleccionada por ser gratuita y de código libre, además, al estar basada en Second Life, hereda su facilidad para la creación de mundos virtuales. Una práctica de laboratorio se modela como un protocolo o secuencia de acciones que se deben llevar a cabo. Para validar las acciones del estudiante se ha implementado un objeto, llamado tutor, que verifica la correcta realización de la práctica, y proporciona pistas sobre la siguiente acción a ejecutar. Este objeto posee una programación genérica, que se puede reutilizar en el desarrollo de otras prácticas de laboratorio a través de sencillas modificaciones en su configuración. Finalmente, en este trabajo se presentan los modelos y especificaciones para la construcción del laboratorio virtual.

Experiencias completando la docencia presencial con seminarios a distancia en metaversos y grabados

Como apoyo a las clases presenciales, especialmente en evaluación continua, hemos experimentado con seminarios de apoyo a distancia. Estos seminarios están orientados a tres grupos de alumnos: Los que tienen dificultades en la asignatura, los que no pueden asistir a todas las clases, y los que quieren saber más de lo que se explica en clase. Hemos probado con diferentes plataformas de teleenseñanza y con docencia a través de metaversos (Second Life y Open Sims) obteniendo en estas últimas mejores resultados que en las plataformas especialmente diseñadas para teleenseñanza. También se han aprovechado las sesiones en metaversos para completar los vídeos docentes usados en las asignaturas. Y se han usado para transmitir conferencias en directo para personas que no podían asistir físicamente a las mismas. Se realiza un breve análisis de la utilidad de los videos usados en docencia, combinados con conferencias, seminarios en metaversos, etcétera.

Speech features of the domain of the word in heterosexual twins during the second yeard of life

Speech is the major function, emergence and which development radically changes all course of formation of the identity of the child already in the early childhood. If language and speech development in solitary born children is investigated today quite well, at twin children this process practically is not studied. Our research was carried out for the purpose of studying of an originality of mastering by speech by heterosexual children of pair of twins within communicative and pragmatist approach (T.N. Ushakov,G. V. Chirkina). Application of this approach to the analysis of process of communication at twin children allowed us to allocate those peculiar receptions and means of communication which they functionally develop in a situation of pair of twins, as allows them to show the phenomena of the speech which are not meeting at solitary born contemporaries. In this work results of supervision and research of pair of heterosexual twins of the second year of the life, carried out by a technique developed by us under the scientific guide of G. V. Chirkina

An universal system to de-orbit satellites at end of life

A 3-year Project financed by the European Commission is aimed at developing a universal system to de-orbit satellites at their end of life, as a fundamental contribution to limit the increase of debris in the Space environment. The operational system involves a conductive tapetether left bare to establish anodic contact with the ambient plasma as a giant Langmuir probe. The Project will size the three disparate dimensions of a tape for a selected de-orbit mission and determine scaling laws to allow system design for a general mission. Starting at the second year, mission selection is carried out while developing numerical codes to implement control laws on tether dynamics in/off the orbital plane; performing numerical simulations and plasma chamber measurements on tether-plasma interaction; and completing design of subsystems: electronejecting plasma contactor, power module, interface elements, deployment mechanism, and tether-tape/end-mass. This will be followed by subsystems manufacturing and by currentcollection, free-fall, and hypervelocity impact tests.

Life cycle assessment of concentrated solar power (CSP) and the influence of hybridising with natural gas

Purpose Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants based on parabolic troughs utilize auxiliary fuels (usually natural gas) to facilitate start-up operations, avoid freezing of HTF and increase power output. This practice has a significant effect on the environmental performance of the technology. The aim of this paper is to quantify the sustainability of CSP and to analyse how this is affected by hybridisation with different natural gas (NG) inputs. Methods A complete Life Cycle (LC) inventory was gathered for a commercial wet-cooled 50 MWe CSP plant based on parabolic troughs. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the environmental performance of the plant operating with different NG inputs (between 0 and 35% of gross electricity generation). ReCiPe Europe (H) was used as LCA methodology. CML 2 baseline 2000 World and ReCiPe Europe E were used for comparative purposes. Cumulative Energy Demands (CED) and Energy Payback Times (EPT) were also determined for each scenario. Results and discussion Operation of CSP using solar energy only produced the following environmental profile: climate change 26.6 kg CO2 eq/KWh, human toxicity 13.1 kg 1,4-DB eq/KWh, marine ecotoxicity 276 g 1,4-DB eq/KWh, natural land transformation 0.005 m2/KWh, eutrophication 10.1 g P eq/KWh, acidification 166 g SO2 eq/KWh. Most of these impacts are associated with extraction of raw materials and manufacturing of plant components. The utilization NG transformed the environmental profile of the technology, placing increasing weight on impacts related to its operation and maintenance. Significantly higher impacts were observed on categories like climate change (311 kg CO2 eq/MWh when using 35 % NG), natural land transformation, terrestrial acidification and fossil depletion. Despite its fossil nature, the use of NG had a beneficial effect on other impact categories (human and marine toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and natural land transformation) due to the higher electricity output achieved. The overall environmental performance of CSP significantly deteriorated with the use of NG (single score 3.52 pt in solar only operation compared to 36.1 pt when using 35 % NG). Other sustainability parameters like EPT and CED also increased substantially as a result of higher NG inputs. Quasilinear second-degree polynomial relationships were calculated between various environmental performance parameters and NG contributions. Conclusions Energy input from auxiliary NG determines the environmental profile of the CSP plant. Aggregated analysis shows a deleterious effect on the overall environmental performance of the technology as a result of NG utilization. This is due primarily to higher impacts on environmental categories like climate change, natural land transformation, fossil fuel depletion and terrestrial acidification. NG may be used in a more sustainable and cost-effective manner in combined cycle power plants, which achieve higher energy conversion efficiencies.