27 resultados para Lorca

em Universidad Politécnica de Madrid


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El monte en estudio está situado en e l término municipal de Lorca en su parte- No en las diputaciones denominadas Zarcilla de Raraos, Culebrina y Fontanares, formando una importante estribación de las sierras de Velez y Maria que se introduce en esta provincia en dirección casi NE formando una abrupta cordillera perteneciente geológicamente al triásico y caracterizada por la existencia de calizas cavernosas prensadas que originan los terrenos conocidos con el nombre de calares en el país de suelo pobre y de escasa profundidad, generalmente de superficie muy pedregosa y en los que aflora la roca en multitud de ocasiones.

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En lo que sigue se describen los efectos del terremoto del 11 de mayo de 2011 en las fachadas y particiones de los edificios de Lorca y se analiza la interacción entre estos elementos, tradicionalmente considerados como no-estructurales, y la propia estructura. Las observaciones de campo se justifican a partir de los resultados de algunos modelos numéricos simples y de todo ello se concluye la importancia fundamental de las fábricas en el comportamiento de los edificios durante el terremoto.

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El presente proyecto de construcción define las actuaciones para la ejecución de la Nueva Terminal de pasajeros para el aeropuerto Federico García Lorca, Granada – Jaén, situado entre los términos municipales de Chauchina y Santa Fe, en la provincia de Granada. Estudios realizados por AENA, en colaboración con el Ministerio de Fomento, dejan constancia de los déficits en cuanto a capacidad de las instalaciones del aeropuerto se refiere, en múltiples facetas. En el caso de la terminal de pasajeros, sus principales elementos de servicio han sido sometidos a estudio, revelando claras faltas en numerosos puntos. El más relevante son las carencias en cuanto a capacidad, respecto a la demanda existente, y especialmente la demanda prevista para un cierto horizonte de estudio. Además, las nuevas normativas de aplicación en aeropuertos internacionales publicadas por la International Air Transport Association (IATA) entran en conflicto con ciertos parámetros de diseño de las instalaciones actuales. Se requiere una remodelación del conjunto para adaptarse a estas exigencias de validez internacional.

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Este trabajo presenta un análisis de diferentes aspectos relacionados con el sismo principal del 11 de Mayo de 2011, con epicentro en las proximidades de Lorca, que abarcan desde el movimiento fuerte registrado hasta el daño observado en diferentes tipologías constructivas, contrastando todo ello con los resultados de estudios previos de peligrosidad y riesgo sísmico en la provincia de Murcia. La cuestión esencial que se plantea en el análisis es si tanto el movimiento como el daño entraban dentro de lo esperado o pueden considerarse anómalos en el marco del riesgo sísmico del sureste de España. A este respecto se hacen una serie de reflexiones y se extraen lecciones aprendidas del terremoto, que llevan a proponer recomendaciones de cara a la revisión de la Norma Sismorresistente Española, así como a definir medidas para la reducción del riesgo sísmico en la región. Abstract: An analysis of the different aspects related to the May 11th, 2011 Lorca earthquake is presented,covering recorded ground motions, damage observed in different building typologies, and contrasting these observations with previous results on seismic hazard and seismic risk obtained in the province of Murcia. The essential question addressed in the analysis is whether observed ground motions and physical damage can be considered as expected or as anomalous in the frame of seismic risk in southeastern Spain. In this respect, a number of reflections are carried out and several learned lessons from the earthquake are extracted, which leads to the proposal of different recommendations for the future revision of the Spanish earthquake-resistant provisions, as well as for defining risk reduction measurements in the region.

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The city of Lorca (Spain) was hit on May 11th 2011 by two consecutive earthquakes with 4.6 and 5.2 Mw respectively, causing casualties and important damage in buildings. Lorca is located in the south-east region of Spain and settled on the trace of the Murcia-Totana-Lorca fault. Although the magnitudes of these ground motions were not severe, the damage observed was considerable over a great amount of buildings. More than 300 of them have been demolished and many others are being retrofitted. This paper reports a field study on the damage caused by these earthquakes. The observed damage is related with the structural typology. Further, prototypes of the damaged buildings are idealized with nonlinear numerical models and their seismic behavior and proneness to damage concentration is further investigated through dynamic response analyses.

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On Wednesday 11th May 2011 at 6:47 pm (local time) a magnitude 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred 6 km northeast of Lorca with a depth of around 2 km. As a consequence of the shallow depth and the small epicentral distance, important damage was produced in several masonry constructions and even led to the collapse of some of them. Pieces of the facades of several buildings fell down onto the sidewalk, being one of the reasons for the killing of a total of 9 people. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in unreinforced masonry buildings ranging from 3 to 8 floors in height. First, a brief description of the local building practices of masonry buildings is given. Then, the most important failure types of masonry buildings are described and discussed. After that, a more detailed analysis of one particular building is presented.

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The objective of this paper is the development of a building cost estimation model whose purpose is to quickly and precisely evaluate rebuilding costs for historic heritage buildings affected by catastrophic events. Specifically, this study will be applied to the monumental buildings owned by the Catholic Church that were affected by two earthquakes on May 11, 2011 in the town of Lorca. To estimate the initial total replacement cost new, calculation model will be applied which, on the one hand, will use two-dimensional metric exterior parameters and, on the other, three-dimensional interior cubic parameters. Based on the total of the analyzed buildings, and considering damage caused by the seismic event, the final reconstruction cost for the building units ruined by the earthquakes can be estimated. The proposed calculation model can also be applied to other emergency scenarios and situations for the quick estimation of construction costs necessary for rebuilding historic heritage buildings which have been affected by catastrophic events that deteriorate or ruin their structural or constructive configuration.

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Actualmente, diversos terremotos han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de planificar las ciudades y la gran influencia que tiene el comportamiento de los edificios como consecuencia de los resultados de pérdidas humanas y económicas. Ante la imposibilidad de evitar la ocurrencia de terremotos y de predecirlos con un margen pequeño de tiempo para tomar acciones a corto plazo, la reducción de la vulnerabilidad de los elementos expuestos es la medida más eficaz para prevenir los daños y para evitar el desastre. Existen varios estudios anteriores de Norman B. Green (1980), Teresa Guevara López (2009 y 2012) que recogen criterios ya generalizados dentro de la bibliografía sísmica y algunos aspectos procedentes de norma sísmicas precursoras en este campo (por ejemplo, las peruanas) para establecer inicialmente unos principios urbanístico-sísmicos. Además, varios proyectos relacionados con el riesgo sísmico, RisK-Ue (2003), SERAMAR (Lars Abrahamczyk et al., 2013) han desarrollado metodologías que clasifican la vulnerabilidad de los edificios teniendo en cuenta modificadores por comportamientos y configuraciones irregulares sísmicamente. El presente trabajo desarrolla una metodología empírica para identificar y caracterizar los parámetros urbanísticos que determinan una respuesta sísmica irregular de las edificaciones, graduar su relación con el daño tras un terremoto y poder así disminuir la vulnerabilidad sísmica de las ciudades. La metodología desarrollada en esta tesis doctoral se aplica en la ciudad de Lorca, Región de Murcia. Se realiza un trabajo de campo donde se clasifican los edificios según su tipología estructural y sus parámetros urbanísticos. A través de un estudio estadístico se analiza la correlación con el daño de las edificaciones tras el terremoto del 11 de mayo de 2011. Previamente se ha hecho una clasificación de los edificios según la clase de suelo en la que se encuentran según el Eurocódigo8 (Navarro et al, 2012). Por último, se aplica la metodología para obtener una estimación de la habitabilidad de los edificios en Lorca post sismo. Para esta clasificación se ha adoptado el criterio recogido en diversas recomendaciones internacionales, la mayoría de las cuales se basan en la documentación generada por el ATC- Applied Technology Council, distinguiendo entre edificios habitables (no daño-daño no estructural) y edificios no habitables (daño estructural). ABSTRACT Currently, various earthquakes have made clear first, the importance of city planning and secondly, the great influence that has the behaviour of buildings as a consequence of the results of human and economic losses. Faced with the impossibility of avoiding the occurrence of earthquakes and predicting its with a small margin of time to take action in the short term, the reduction of the vulnerability of exposed elements is the most effective measure to prevent damage and to prevent the disaster. There are several previous studies, Norman B. Green (1980), Teresa Guevara López (2009-2012) collecting criteria already widespread within the seismic bibliography and we can find some aspects from standard seismic precursor in this field (for example, the Peruvian) to initially establish urban - seismic principles. In addition, several projects related to seismic risk, RisK-EU (2003), SERAMAR (Lars Abrahamczyk et al., 2013) have developed methodologies that classify the vulnerability of buildings taking into account modifiers for behaviours and irregular configurations in seismical terms. This paper develops an empirical methodology to identify and characterize the irregular urban parameters seismically, graduate its relationship with the building damages after an earthquake and thus reduce the seismic vulnerability of cities. The methodology developed in this thesis applies in the city of Lorca, Region of Murcia. Fieldwork where buildings are classified according to their structural type and its urban performance parameters. Through a statistical study the correlation with damage of buildings is analyzed after the earthquake of May 11, 2011. Previously a classification of the buildings has been made according to the kind of soil according to the Eurocodigo 8 (Navarro et al, 2012). Finally, you get an estimate of the building habitability in Lorca. As a result, this classification adopted the criterion contained in various international recommendations, most of which are based on the documentation published by the ATC - Applied Technology Council, habitable buildings (not damage -damage non-structural) and non habitable buildings (structural damage).

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On Wednesday 11th May 2011 at 6:47 pm (local time) a magnitude 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred 6 km northeast of Lorca with a depth of around 5 km. As a consequence of the shallow depth and the small epicentral distance, important damage was produced in several masonry constructions and even led to the collapse of one of them. Pieces of the facades of several buildings fell down onto the sidewalk, being one of the reasons for the killing of a total of 9 people. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infill walls ranging from 3 to 8 floors in height. Structural as well as non-structural masonry walls suffered important damage that led to redistributions of forces causing in some cases the failure of columns. The importance of the interaction between the structural frames and the infill panels is analyzed by means of non-linear Finite Element Models. The resulting load levels are compared with the member capacities and the changes of the mechanical properties during the seismic event are described and discussed. In the light of the results obtained the observed failure patterns are explained. Some comments are stated concerning the adequacy of the numerical models that are usually used during the design phase for the seismic analysis.

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El presente proyecto constituye una ampliación del proyecto final de carrera “Análisis del terremoto de Lorca 2011 mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica” realizado en abril de 2013. Esta ampliación se centra en el estudio de la susceptibilidad del terreno a sufrir deslizamientos de laderas, con una aplicación en el municipio de Lorca, localizado en la Región de Murcia. Posteriormente, se realiza una comparativa entre los resultados de este estudio y los deslizamientos de ladera ocasionados por el terremoto de Lorca 2011. Para hacer el estudio de susceptibilidad, se ha partido del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) diseñado en el proyecto anterior y se ha completado con más capas de información geográfica, referentes a la estimación de la susceptibilidad del terreno, como BCN25, mapa geotécnico, de ocupación del suelo... Todo proceso relacionado con la prevención y gestión de desastres naturales demanda la elaboración de una cartografía temática relativa a los aspectos a tratar. En este proyecto se detalla el proceso de producción de mapas de susceptibilidad del suelo a los deslizamientos usando como herramienta fundamental un SIG. Éste permite, en primer lugar, integrar, homogeneizar y analizar todas las variables que intervienen en el análisis de la susceptibilidad (pluviometría, características geotécnicas del suelo, altitud, pendiente...), en segundo lugar, integrar todos los factores intervinientes para obtener un mapa de susceptibilidad y, por último, incorporar los deslizamientos de ladera desencadenados por el terremoto de Lorca 2011 y compararlos con el mapa de susceptibilidad.

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Artículo incluido en la recopilación "Sobre monumentos y otros escritos". Paginación original de la revista Arquitectura: 10-14

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The city of Lorca (Spain) was hit on May 11th, 2011, by two consecutive earth-quakes of magnitudes 4.6 and 5.2 Mw, causing casualties and important damage in buildings. Many of the damaged structures were reinforced concrete frames with wide beams. This study quantifies the expected level of damage on this structural type in the case of the Lorca earth-quake by means of a seismic index Iv that compares the energy input by the earthquake with the energy absorption/dissipation capacity of the structure. The prototype frames investigated represent structures designed in two time periods (1994–2002 and 2003–2008), in which the applicable codes were different. The influence of the masonry infill walls and the proneness of the frames to concentrate damage in a given story were further investigated through nonlinear dynamic response analyses. It is found that (1) the seismic index method predicts levels of damage that range from moderate/severe to complete collapse; this prediction is consistent with the observed damage; (2) the presence of masonry infill walls makes the structure very prone to damage concentration and reduces the overall seismic capacity of the building; and (3) a proper hierarchy of strength between beams and columns that guarantees the formation of a strong column-weak beam mechanism (as prescribed by seismic codes), as well as the adoption of counter-measures to avoid the negative interaction between non-structural infill walls and the main frame, would have reduced the level of damage from Iv=1 (collapse) to about Iv=0.5 (moderate/severe damage)

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(SPA) El terremoto de Lorca (11-05-2011) fue el movimiento sísmico más destructivo registrado en España, a pesar de su moderada magnitud. Este artículo describe la simulación numérica de la respuesta dinámica, al registro principal del terremoto de Lorca, de seis edificios de tres y seis plantas con forjados unidireccionales de hormigón con vigas planas; estos edificios fueron proyectados sin tener en cuenta la acción sísmica. Se ha elegido esta tipología constructiva por presentar, potencialmente, una elevada vulnerabilidad sísmica. Los seis edificios han sido seleccionados para representar un número importante de edificios de este tipo existentes en zonas de sismicidad baja o media (como Lorca) de España y correspondientes a los años 1974-1994, posteriores a la PDS-1 1974 y previos a la NCSE-94. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que estos edificios, aun contando con la cooperación de los muros, no poseen capacidad para resistir la componente más intensa del registro de Lorca. (ENG)The recent earthquake in Lorca (11-05-2011) was the most destructive recorded event in Spain, despite its moderate magnitude. This paper describes the numerical simulation of the dynamic response to the main record of the Lorca earth-quake of six 3 and 6-story buildings with one-way concrete slabs with wide beams; these buildings were designed without any seismic consideration. We have chosen this type of construction because it is potentially highly vulnerable. The six considered buildings were selected to represent a large number of buildings of this type in areas of low-to-medium seismicity (as Lorca) of Spain along the period 1974-1994. The results show that these buildings, even with the cooperation of the walls, do not have sufficient capacity to withstand the most severe component of the Lorca record.

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A damage scenario modelling is developed and compared with the damage distribution observed after the 2011 Lorca earthquake. The strong ground motion models considered include five modern ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) amply used worldwide. Capacity and fragility curves from the Risk-UE project are utilized to model building vulnerability and expected damage. Damage estimates resulting from different combinations of GMPE and capacity/fragility curves are compared with the actual damage scenario, establishing the combination that best explains the observed damage distribution. In addition, some recommendations are proposed, including correction factors in fragility curves in order to reproduce in a better way the observed damage in masonry and reinforce concrete buildings. The lessons learned would contribute to improve the simulation of expected damages due to future earthquakes in Lorca or other regions in Spain with similar characteristics regarding attenuation and vulnerability.

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Evaluación de la huella de carbono en el barrio de la viña Lorca por rehabilitación de daños en edificios tras el sismo de 2011.