Mixing Snapshots and Fast Time Integration of PDEs

A local proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) plus Galerkin projection method was recently developed to accelerate time dependent numerical solvers of PDEs. This method is based on the combined use of a numerical code (NC) and a Galerkin sys- tem (GS) in a sequence of interspersed time intervals, INC and IGS, respectively. POD is performed on some sets of snapshots calculated by the numerical solver in the INC inter- vals. The governing equations are Galerkin projected onto the most energetic POD modes and the resulting GS is time integrated in the next IGS interval. The major computa- tional e®ort is associated with the snapshots calculation in the ¯rst INC interval, where the POD manifold needs to be completely constructed (it is only updated in subsequent INC intervals, which can thus be quite small). As the POD manifold depends only weakly on the particular values of the parameters of the problem, a suitable library can be con- structed adapting the snapshots calculated in other runs to drastically reduce the size of the ¯rst INC interval and thus the involved computational cost. The strategy is success- fully tested in (i) the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, including the case in which it exhibits transient chaos, and (ii) the two-dimensional unsteady lid-driven cavity problem

Medidas de la eficacia de los sistemas de intercambio electrónico de datos basados en la especificación ASD 2000M

La Especificación Aeroespacial y de Defensa 2000M, también conocida como S2000M, es un protocolo de intercambio electrónico de datos utilizado en el apoyo logístico de equipos de defensa. La S2000M, resultado de un trabajo conjunto entre Fuerzas Armadas (FFAA) y empresas de Naciones diversas desarrollado durante las últimas cuatro décadas, define tanto los procesos para la adquisición y mantenimiento de componentes militares, como los mensajes normalizados en apoyo de dichos procesos. Equipos de trabajo constituidos por representantes de las citadas FFAA e industria mantienen actualizada la S2000M, por lo que el protocolo evoluciona continuamente con objeto de adaptarse a las necesidades que puedan surgir. Como consecuencia de dicha actualización, existen diversas versiones de la S2000M actualmente en servicio, y este trabajo se basa en la versión denominada 2.1, si bien, una parte importante de las conclusiones del estudio pueden aplicarse a otras versiones del protocolo. A través de los años, la S2000M se ha convertido en un elemento esencial del comercio electrónico de piezas de repuesto y de servicios de mantenimiento y reparación de modernos sistemas aeronáuticos Europeos tales como los aviones de combate Typhoon, Tornado y Rafale, el avion de transporte A400M y los helicópteros NH90 y Tiger, por lo que la S2000M constituye un elemento esencial en el apoyo logístico necesario para asegurar la disponibilidad operativa de dichos sistemas. Así mismo, la S2000M juega un papel fundamental en el comercio electrónico entre las principales empresas aeronáuticas europeas y las organizaciones logísticas de defensa de Naciones tales como Alemania, España, Francia, Holanda, Italia, etc. En consecuencia, la importancia de la S2000M en aspectos tales como logística, nivel de operatividad de los sistemas de armas mencionados, comercio electrónico y sistemas de información es manifiesta, por lo que resulta necesario evaluar la eficacia y eficiencia del protocolo para optimizarlo al máximo. Con este propósito, el presente trabajo estudia la S2000M con objeto de encontrar una respuesta a la pregunta que ha constituido la base de la investigación: ¿Cómo medir el éxito de la Especificación Aeroespacial y de Defensa S2000M? Como la S2000M se utiliza para intercambiar información logística en formato electrónico entre organizaciones y entidades por medio de documentos estructurados y de procesos automatizados, los sistemas de información juegan un papel fundamental en este trabajo. En consecuencia, la base teoríca para tratar de responder a la pregunta anteriormente citada se sustenta en las investigaciones en curso sobre el éxito de los sistemas de información, adaptadas a la problemática específica del protocolo S2000M. Para finalizar, es importante mencionar que debido a que la investigación sobre la S2000M es prácticamente inexistente, este trabajo se centra en un área específica de conocimiento hasta ahora casi inexplorada. El resultado de la investigación se materializa en una serie de propuestas teoricas y prácticas con las que se contribuyen al desarrollo de tres áreas de conocimiento: S2000M, Sistemas de Información e Intercambio Electrónico de Datos. Asimismo, se proponen nuevas áreas de estudio en las tres áreas mencionadas. ABSTRAC The Aerospace and Defence Specification 2000M, in short S2000M, is an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standard used in the logistic support of defence equipment. The S2000M is the result of the joint effort undertaken by the Armed Forces and industry of several Nations over the last four decades. The protocol defines the business processes for the supply, maintenance and repair of military components, as well as the standard messages on support of the said processes. Representatives from industry and military keep the S2000M up-to-date and therefore, the protocol evolves continuously to support new requirements that may arise. Consequently, there are different versions of the standard currently available and this study is about one of them, precisely, Revision 2.1; however, many of the research outcomes are also be valid for other versions of the protocol. Through the years, the S2000M has become an essential element for the electronic trade of spare parts and repair services on support of modern European aeronautical systems such as the fighters Typhoon, Tornado and Rafale, the airlifter A400M and the helicopters NH90 and Tiger. As a result, the S2000M is at the center of the logistic support required to ensure the operational availability of these systems. Further, the protocol plays a key role in the electronic exchanges among main European aeronautical players and defence logistics organizations from Nations such as France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, etc. Therefore, the significance of the S2000M on the operational availability of the mentioned weapon systems, and in logistics, electronic business and Information Systems (IS) terms is noticeable, and it is then worth evaluating how the S2000M is doing with respect to its effectiveness and efficiency in order to improve these two areas as much as possible. To this end, this work analyzes the S2000M with the aim to find a response to the following research question: How to measure the success of the Aerospace and Defence Specification 2000M? As in the end the S2000M is about the electronic exchange of logistics information among organizations and firms by means of standard messages and processes automation, IS are at the core of this dissertation. For that reason, the theoretical foundation to tackle the research question rests on the ongoing stream of research on IS success, which will be extended to take into consideration the S2000M standpoint as well. Last, it is worth noting that due to the practically inexistent research on the S2000M M, this investigation help filling a gap in this domain. The outcomes from this study materialize in a number of conceptual and practical proposals that contribute to the theory and practice on three main knowledge areas, that is, S2000M, IS and EDI. Further, this work opens the door for further research in the said or related fields.

Estudio del impacto del usuario final en los procesos de desarrollo de sistemas de información

Durante décadas y aun en la actualidad muchas organizaciones, a nivel mundial, continúan afrontando pérdidas significativas debido a fracasos parciales y totales respecto a sus inversiones en sistemas de información (SI), planteando serios retos a los niveles gerenciales y los profesionales de SI. Estadísticas alarmantes y décadas de experiencia en la praxis en el área de SI en diversas organizaciones llevan al autor a poner el énfasis en los usuarios finales internos (UF) que son designados como representantes (UFR) de sus pares en los proyectos de desarrollo de SI (PDSI) por considerarlos como factores influyentes de manera significativa en el problema. Particularmente, con enfoque en ciertos factores de los UFR críticos para el éxito de los PDSI, con dimensiones analizadas de forma aislada o incompleta en otros estudios empíricos, a la fecha. No se encontraron estudios en Latinoamérica ni en otras latitudes que abordasen el fenómeno del éxito/fracaso de los SI desde el punto de vista adoptado en esta tesis. Por ello, esta investigación empírica ha evaluado en qué grado estos factores pudiesen influenciar los resultados durante el desarrollo e implementación de SI y su posible impacto en la satisfacción de los UF, siendo esta última aceptada por variados autores como la principal medida del éxito de los SI. Este estudio fue realizado en América Latina en las cuatro grandes empresas industriales que integran verticalmente el sector aluminio de Venezuela, sometidas a un macro PDSI para instalar el paquete, de tipo ERP, SAP/R3. Experimentados profesionales fueron encuestados o entrevistados, tales como altos ejecutivos, desarrolladores, líderes de proyecto y líderes de los UF. Un enfoque metodológico de triangulación permitió combinar un análisis cuantitativo con un análisis cualitativo interpretativo del tipo hermenéutico/dialéctico, hallándose resultados convergentes y complementarios. Un análisis estadístico, utilizando Partial Least Squares (PLS), seguido de un análisis hermenéutico/dialéctico. Los resultados confirmaron un hecho importante: en los casos problemáticos, paradójicamente, los orígenes de las razones de rechazo de esos SI argumentadas por los UF, en alto grado, apuntaron a los UFR o a ellos mismos. Los resultados también confirmaron la prevalencia de factores de orden cognitivo, conductual y político en estas organizaciones sobre los tecnológicos, al igual que el alto riesgo de dar por sentado la presencia y calidad de los factores requeridos de los UFR y de los otros factores estudiados. La validación estadística del modelo propuesto reveló al constructo conocimientos de los UFR como la principal variable latente, con los variables indicadoras que componen este constructo ejerciendo la mayor influencia sobre la calidad y el éxito de los SI. Un hallazgo contrario al de otros estudios, mostró que los conocimientos sobre las tecnologías de la información (TI) fueron los menos relevantes. Los SI de nómina y de administración de los RRHH fueron los más problemáticos, como suele ser el caso, por su complejidad en organizaciones grandes. Las conclusiones principales confirman el decisivo rol de los UF para el éxito de los PDSI y su relación con la creciente problemática planteada, la cual amerita más investigación y de las organizaciones una mayor atención y preparación. Descuidar los factores humanos y sociales así como una efectiva planificación y gestión de los mismos en preparación para estos proyectos origina serios riesgos. No obstante las limitaciones de este trabajo, la problemática analizada suele influir en los PDSI en diversas organizaciones, indistintamente de su tamaño o tipo de SI, estimándose, por tanto, que los resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones de esta investigación tienen un alto grado de generalización. Una relación de indicadores claves es suministrada con fines preventivos. Finalmente, los factores evaluados pueden usarse para ampliar el modelo reconocido de DeLone y McLean (2003), conectándolos como variables latentes de sus variables independientes calidad de la información y calidad del SI. ABSTRACT For decades, many organizations worldwide have been enduring heavy losses due to partial and total failures regarding their investments in information systems (IS), posing serious challenges to all management levels and IS practitioners. Alarming statistics in this regard and decades of practice in the IS area lead the author to place an emphasis on the end users (EU) who are appointed in representation of their peers (EUR) to IS development projects (ISDP), considering them as highly influential factors on the problem. Especially, focusing on certain EUR success factors, and their dimensions, deemed critical to any IS development and implementation, omitted or not thoroughly analyzed neither in the theory nor in the empirical research on the subject, so far. No studies were found in Latin America or elsewhere addressing the phenomenon of IS success/failure from the perspective presented herein. Hence, this empirical research has assessed to what degree such factors can influence the outcomes of an ISDP and their feasible impact on the EU´s satisfaction, being the latter accepted by several authors as the main measure of IS success. This study was performed in Latin America embracing four major industrial enterprises, which vertically integrate the aluminum sector of Venezuela, subjected to a macro ISDP to install the ERP-type package SAP/R3. The field work included surveying and interviewing experienced professionals such as IS executives, IS developers, IS project leaders and end-user project leaders. A triangulation methodological approach allowed combining quantitative and interpretive analyses, obtaining convergent and complementing results. A statistical analysis, using Partial Least Squares (PLS), was carried out followed by a hermeneutical/dialectical analysis. Results confirmed a major finding: in problematic cases, paradoxically, the origins of IS rejection reasons argued by the EU, at a high degree, were usually traceable to the EUR and themselves. The results also confirmed the prevalence of cognitive, behavioral and political factors in these organizations as well as the high risk of taking for granted the presence and quality of those factors demanded from the EUR. The statistical validation of the proposed model revealed the construct EUR knowledge as the main latent variable, with its items exerting a major influence on IS quality and success. Another finding, in contradiction with that of other studies, proved knowledge of information technology (IT) aspects to be irrelevant. The payroll and the human resources administration IS were the most problematic, as is usually the case in large companies. The main conclusions confirm the EU´s decisive role for IS success and their relationship with the problem, which continues, demanding more research and, from organizations, more attention and preparation. Neglecting human and social factors in organizations as well as their effective planning and management in preparation for ISDP poses serious risks. Despite the limitations of this work, the analyzed problem tends to influence ISDP in a wide range of organizations; regardless of their size or type of IS, thus showing a high degree of generalization. Therefore it is believed that the results, conclusions and suggestions of this research have a high degree of generalization. A detailed checklist comprising key measures is provided for preventive actions. Finally, the factors evaluated can be used to expand the well-known model of DeLone & McLean (2003), by connecting them as latent variables of its independent variables information quality and IS quality.

End-User Development Success Factors and their Application to Composite Web Development Environments

The Future Internet is expected to be composed of a mesh of interoperable Web services accessed from all over the Web. This approach has not yet caught on since global user-service interaction is still an open issue. Successful composite applications rely on heavyweight service orchestration technologies that raise the bar far above end-user skills. The weakness lies in the abstraction of the underlying service front-end architecture rather than the infrastructure technologies themselves. In our opinion, the best approach is to offer end-to-end composition from user interface to service invocation, as well as an understandable abstraction of both building blocks and a visual composition technique. In this paper we formalize our vision with regard to the next-generation front-end Web technology that will enable integrated access to services, contents and things in the Future Internet. We present a novel reference architecture designed to empower non-technical end users to create and share their own self-service composite applications. A tool implementing this architecture has been developed as part of the European FP7 FAST Project and EzWeb Project, allowing us to validate the rationale behind our approach.

Analyzing Query Success and User Context

This paper describes the participation of DAEDALUS at the LogCLEF lab in CLEF 2011. This year, the objectives of our participation are twofold. The first topic is to analyze if there is any measurable effect on the success of the search queries if the native language and the interface language chosen by the user are different. The idea is to determine if this difference may condition the way in which the user interacts with the search application. The second topic is to analyze the user context and his/her interaction with the system in the case of successful queries, to discover out any relation among the user native language, the language of the resource involved and the interaction strategy adopted by the user to find out such resource. Only 6.89% of queries are successful out of the 628,607 queries in the 320,001 sessions with at least one search query in the log. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that, in general for all languages, whether the native language matches the interface language or not does not seem to affect the success rate of the search queries. On the other hand, the analysis of the strategy adopted by users when looking for a particular resource shows that people tend to use the simple search tool, frequently first running short queries build up of just one specific term and then browsing through the results to locate the expected resource

Considerations on the success rate in aeronautical engineering studies in Spain

The relationship between different learning evaluation methods and the academic success in an aeronautical engineering degree in Spain is analysed. The study is based on data about the evolution of academic achievement obtained along the last ten year, along which the evaluation and learning’s methods have suffered huge changes.

Success possibilities of grid parity in particular cases in the new spanish regulatory framework

During the last 10 years the Spanish photovoltaic market has experienced one of the most important increases worldwide. The continuous raise on the price of the electricity in Spain, as in other European countries, USA and Japan, as well as the decrease of the cost of solar photovoltaic systems along this decade is opening a new way to reach grid parity point in some particular scenarios. A new Spanish legislation is being performed toward selfconsumption, and it is in this new context where the grid parity in a wide sense could be achieved. This work will study different cases in Spain, in order to determine whether grid parity would be possible along 2012. Keywords: grid parity, self-consumption, photovoltaic, net-metering

Evaluation of reproductive success and conservation strategies for Senecio coincyi (Asteraceae), a narrow and threatened species.

enecio coincyi is a threatened endemic plant of central western Spain, with a very narrow extent of occurrence. The reproductive success and germination behaviour of this species were studied. The area of occupancy, habitat types and size of 13 known subpopulations of S. coincyi were evaluated. The number of individuals that form all these subpopulations was counted. In addition, the number of flowers and cypselas per fruit head and the number of fruit heads per individual plant were recorded in a subset of subpopulations. Germination tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature and light regimes on, and possible intraspecific variation in, cypsela germination. Cypselas reached very high germination percentages (90?100%) from 15°C to 30°C. However, the germination decreased (19%) at 10°C. The light conditions assayed (16-h light photoperiod and complete darkness) did not significantly affect cypsela germination. In general, there was no intraspecific variability in germination patterns of S. coincyi cypselas. Livestock is the most important factor that can be a threat for this species. S. coincyi showed high reproductive success and, therefore, its conservation problems are not due to agents related to its reproduction, but rather to other factors such as alteration of its habitat caused by the presence of livestock.

Dental Implants Success Prediction: Tomography Based and Data Mining Based Approach.

There are a number of factors that contribute to the success of dental implant operations. Among others, is the choice of location in which the prosthetic tooth is to be implanted. This project offers a new approach to analyse jaw tissue for the purpose of selecting suitable locations for teeth implant operations. The application developed takes as input jaw computed tomography stack of slices and trims data outside the jaw area, which is the point of interest. It then reconstructs a three dimensional model of the jaw highlighting points of interest on the reconstructed model. On another hand, data mining techniques have been utilised in order to construct a prediction model based on an information dataset of previous dental implant operations with observed stability values. The goal is to find patterns within the dataset that would help predicting the success likelihood of an implant.