Gustavo Fernández Balbuena en la cultura urbanística madrileña

En la tesis que se presenta, es el estudio de la figura del arquitecto Gustavo Fernández Balbuena se parte de un supuesto doble: De una parte, la importancia de su obra y de otro el desconocimiento general de la misma aunque en sus 18 años de profesión sea tan amplia y diversa que provoque el respeto y la admiración de la mayoría de los arquitectos y profesionales de la construcción con los que se relaciona. La evolución profesional de Fernández Balbuena tiene al menos cuatro facetas que despiertan el interés por su figura. En primer lugar debe resaltarse su facilidad para escribir. En el examen del contexto de la época su facilidad expositiva es ciertamente reseñable. Una segunda faceta importante es su lucha por el reconocimiento de su profesión de arquitecto y la dignidad del trabajo que realizan. Por la actividad arquitectónica por sus compañeros y por el reconocimiento de la profesión dedica de forma altruista gran parte de su vida activa trabajando para la Sociedad Central de Arquitectos. En tercer lugar Fernández Balbuena tiene en función a su tiempo de vida profesional una variada obra arquitectónica dentro y fuera de Madrid que no ha sido suficientemente analizada hasta el momento. Su cuarta faceta es la de urbanista. Desde 1.919 en que entra a formar parte del proceso urbanístico de Madrid al ser nombrado Arquitecto Segundo de la Sección de Edificaciones del Ensanche hasta el año 1.928 en el que se retira de su puesto para regresar en 1.930 como Jefe de la Sección de Urbanización del Ayuntamiento, Fernández Balbuena interviene directamente en prácticamente todos los planes que se elaboran durante ese tiempo y de forma especial en la "Urbanización del Manzanares". El presente trabajo se ha orientado como el estudio de una persona Gustavo Fernández Balbuena y su importancia en el urbanismo de comienzos de Siglo en Madrid para lo cual trataremos de conocer primero al hombre como punto de referencia de cualquiera de su actividad. El análisis se inicia razonando el porqué del tema elegido para continuar con un capítulo el primero que trata de hacer una referencia histórica de la época en la que vivió el arquitecto sin intención interpretativa alguna y sólo con el fin de enmarcar a Fernández Balbuena en su sitio real. El capítulo segundo trata de la vida y obra en general de Balbuena. De la primera se investiga su trayectoria vital, desde su nacimiento en Madrid en 1888, hasta su muerte en 1931, a fin de concretar hasta que punto su evolución personal condicionó el desarrollo de su actividad. En cuanto a su obra, lo que se hace en este capítulo, es referenciar sus publicaciones, su actividad como arquitecto y su vinculación a la Sociedad Central de Arquitectos, temas que se desarrollarán de forma pormenorizada en los capítulos siguientes. En el capítulo tercero se analiza monográficamente la relación que mantuvo Balbuena con la Sociedad Central de Arquitectos, tanto participando en los órganos de dirección como colaborando en la revista "Arquitectura de la que fue primer director. En el capítulo cuarto se estudia su obra arquitectónica, haciendo especial referencia a los edificios de viviendas, tanto colectivas como unifamiliares, levantadas en Madrid. El capítulo quinto, se dedica a sus publicaciones, libros y artículos, conferencias, ponencias, asistencias a congresos y su actividad como jurado de concursos y en concreto en el Concurso de Proyectos para el Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia, en donde la explicación de su voto es una lección magistral de como ha de hacerse un proyecto. Por último se llega al capítulo sexto. En él se trata de descubrir la importancia que tuvo el autor en la cultura urbanística madrileña, como punto último de la investigación, que se divide en dos apartados: La evolución del planeamiento urbanístico en Madrid durante el primer tercio de Siglo, y la intervención en el mismo de Gustavo Fernández Balbuena

Mechanical behaviour and rupture of normal and pathological human ascending aortic wall

The mechanical properties of aortic wall, both healthy and pathological, are needed in order to develop and improve diagnostic and interventional criteria, and for the development of mechanical models to assess arterial integrity. This study focuses on the mechanical behaviour and rupture conditions of the human ascending aorta and its relationship with age and pathologies. Fresh ascending aortic specimens harvested from 23 healthy donors, 12 patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and 14 with aneurysm were tensile-tested in vitro under physiological conditions. Tensile strength, stretch at failure and elbow stress were measured. The obtained results showed that age causes a major reduction in the mechanical parameters of healthy ascending aortic tissue, and that no significant differences are found between the mechanical strength of aneurysmal or BAV aortic specimens and the corresponding age-matched control group. The physiological level of the stress in the circumferential direction was also computed to assess the physiological operation range of healthy and diseased ascending aortas. The mean physiological wall stress acting on pathologic aortas was found to be far from rupture, with factors of safety (defined as the ratio of tensile strength to the mean wall stress) larger than six. In contrast, the physiological operation of pathologic vessels lays in the stiff part of the response curve, losing part of its function of damping the pressure waves from the heart.

Estudio mecánico sobre la resistencia de la pared de la aorta humana como predictor de riesgo de rotura de aneurisma

Definir el riesgo de rotura de un aneurisma, se considera un factor básico para elegir el momento adecuado de la intervención quirúrgica. Uno de los parámetros clásico utilizados es el diámetro del aneurisma (Ley de la Place). Sin embargo, otro factor mecánico como es el cociente entre la tensión máxima que soporta la pared (depende del diámetro de la aorta y de la morfología) y de la resistencia del material (pared de la aorta) es un elemento poco conocido. La razón estriba en comparar aortas “sanas” con “patológicas”. Este estudio lo hemos realizado en colaboración con el Departamento de Ciencias de Materiales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Combining series elastic actuation and magneto-rheological damping for the control of agile locomotion

All-terrain robot locomotion is an active topic of research. Search and rescue maneuvers and exploratory missions could benefit from robots with the abilities of real animals. However, technological barriers exist to ultimately achieving the actuation system, which is able to meet the exigent requirements of these robots. This paper describes the locomotioncontrol of a leg prototype, designed and developed to make a quadruped walk dynamically while exhibiting compliant interaction with the environment. The actuation system of the leg is based on the hybrid use of series elasticity and magneto-rheological dampers, which provide variable compliance for natural-looking motion and improved interaction with the ground. The locomotioncontrol architecture has been proposed to exploit natural leg dynamics in order to improve energy efficiency. Results show that the controller achieves a significant reduction in energy consumption during the leg swing phase thanks to the exploitation of inherent leg dynamics. Added to this, experiments with the real leg prototype show that the combined use of series elasticity and magneto-rheologicaldamping at the knee provide a 20 % reduction in the energy wasted in braking the knee during its extension in the leg stance phase.

On the biomimetic design of agile-robot legs

The development of functional legged robots has encountered its limits in human-made actuation technology. This paper describes research on the biomimetic design of legs for agile quadrupeds. A biomimetic leg concept that extracts key principles from horse legs which are responsible for the agile and powerful locomotion of these animals is presented. The proposed biomimetic leg model defines the effective leg length, leg kinematics, limb mass distribution, actuator power, and elastic energy recovery as determinants of agile locomotion, and values for these five key elements are given. The transfer of the extracted principles to technological instantiations is analyzed in detail, considering the availability of current materials, structures and actuators. A real leg prototype has been developed following the biomimetic leg concept proposed. The actuation system is based on the hybrid use of series elasticity and magneto-rheological dampers which provides variable compliance for natural motion. From the experimental evaluation of this prototype, conclusions on the current technological barriers to achieve real functional legged robots to walk dynamically in agile locomotion are presented.

Nueva terminal de pasajeros para el aeropuerto Federico García Lorca, Granada - Jaén

El presente proyecto de construcción define las actuaciones para la ejecución de la Nueva Terminal de pasajeros para el aeropuerto Federico García Lorca, Granada – Jaén, situado entre los términos municipales de Chauchina y Santa Fe, en la provincia de Granada. Estudios realizados por AENA, en colaboración con el Ministerio de Fomento, dejan constancia de los déficits en cuanto a capacidad de las instalaciones del aeropuerto se refiere, en múltiples facetas. En el caso de la terminal de pasajeros, sus principales elementos de servicio han sido sometidos a estudio, revelando claras faltas en numerosos puntos. El más relevante son las carencias en cuanto a capacidad, respecto a la demanda existente, y especialmente la demanda prevista para un cierto horizonte de estudio. Además, las nuevas normativas de aplicación en aeropuertos internacionales publicadas por la International Air Transport Association (IATA) entran en conflicto con ciertos parámetros de diseño de las instalaciones actuales. Se requiere una remodelación del conjunto para adaptarse a estas exigencias de validez internacional.

Atmospheric Propagation at 100 and 300 GHz: Assessment of a Method to Identify Rainy Conditions during Radiosoundings

The influence of atmospheric gases and tropospheric phenomena becomes more relevant at frequencies within the THz band (100 GHz to 10 THz), severely affecting the propagation conditions. The use of radiosoundings in propagation studies is a well established measurement technique in order to collect information about the vertical structure of the atmosphere, from which gaseous and cloud attenuation can be estimated with the use of propagation models. However, some of these prediction models are not suitable to be used under rainy conditions. In the present study, a method to identify the presence of rainy conditions during radiosoundings is introduced, with the aim of filtering out these events from yearly statistics of predicted atmospheric attenuation. The detection procedure is based on the analysis of a set of parameters, some of them extracted from synoptical observations of weather (SYNOP reports) and other derived from radiosonde observations (RAOBs). The performance of the method has been evaluated under different climatic conditions, corresponding to three locations in Spain, where colocated rain gauge data were available. Rain events detected by the method have been compared with those precipitations identified by the rain gauge. The pertinence Received 26 June 2012, Accepted 31 July 2012, Scheduled 15 August 2012 * Corresponding author: Gustavo Adolfo Siles Soria (gsiles@grc.ssr.upm.es). 258 Siles et al. of the method is discussed on the basis of an analysis of cumulative distributions of total attenuation at 100 and 300 GHz. This study demonstrates that the proposed method can be useful to identify events probably associated to rainy conditions. Hence, it can be considered as a suitable algorithm in order to filter out this kind of events from annual attenuation statistics.

Atmospheric attenuation at 100 and 300 GHz estimated with radiosonde data

The study of atmospheric propagation impairments at submillimeter and THz frequencies is becoming increasingly relevant due to the strong effects caused by the composition of the troposphere and the phenomena occurring in it. The present paper is devoted to the estimation of total attenuation at 100 GHz and 300 GHz under non-rainy scenarios. With this purpose, 4 years of meteorological data from Madrid have been collected, including radiosoundings from Madrid-Barajas Airport and co-site SYNOP observations. This volume of data has been analyzed with the aim of also introducing a detection method of rain conditions, which cannot be easily identified in radiosounding profiles. Finally, the method has been used to discard several probable events which would be responsible of scattering conditions and, hence, yearly CDFs of total attenuation have been obtained. It is expected that the statistics would be closest to the ones obtained by experimental techniques under similar atmospheric conditions.

New analysis and estimations of atmospheric attenuation at 100 GHz using meteorological data in Madrid

Atmospheric propagation at frequencies within the THz domain are deeply affected by the influence of the composition and phenomena of the troposphere. This paper is focused on the estimation of first order statistics of total attenuation under non-rainy conditions at 100 GHz. With this purpose, a yearly meteorological database from Madrid, including radiosoundings, SYNOP observations and co-site rain gauge, have been used in order to calculate attenuation due to atmospheric gases and clouds, as well as to introduce and evaluate a rain detection method. This method allows to filter out rain events and refine the statistics of total attenuation under the scenarios under study. It is expected that the behavior of the statistics would be closest to the ones obtained by experimental techniques under similar conditions.

Estimation of atmospheric attenuation at 99 GHz using a total power radiometer

A total power radiometer operating at 99 GHz was implemented for a propagation experiment aimed to estimate attenuation along a slant path, in Madrid. Valuable data was collected during a measurement campaign in mid-april of 2012. The retrieved time series of radiometric attenuation allow the use of this technique at this frequency to be validated, under clear sky and cloudy conditions, using a low cost instrument calibrated with simple procedures. In spite of some hardware limitations, this experiment shows an interesting application of radiometric technique in order to study atmospheric propagation at 99 GHz.

Proposal of a three level complexity model for office automation

Office automation is one of the fields where the complexity related with technologies and working environments can be best shown. This is the starting point we have chosen to build up a theoretical model that shows us a scene quite different from the one traditionally considered. Through the development of the model, the levels of complexity associated with office automation and office environments have been identified, establishing a relationship between them. Thus, the model allows to state a general principle for sociotechnical design of office automation systems, comprising the ontological distinctions needed to properly evaluate each particular technology and its virtual contribution to office automation. From this fact comes the model's taxonomic ability to draw a global perspective of the state-of-art in office automation technologies.

An integrated framework for office information systems design and management

Information Technologies are complex and this is true even in the smallest piece of equipment. But this kind of complexity is nothing comparejwith the one that arises when this technology interact with society. Office Automation has been traditionally considered as a technical field but there is no way to find solutions from a technical point of view when the problems are primarily social in their origin. Technology management has to change its focus from a pure technical perspective to a sociotechnical point of view. To facilitate this change, we propose a model that allows a better understanding between the managerial and the technical world, offering a coherent, complete and integrated perspective of both. The base for this model is an unfolding of the complexity found in information Technologies and a matching of these complexities with several levels considered within the Office, Office Automation and Human Factors dimensions. Each one of these domains is studied trough a set of distinctions that create a new and powerful understanding of its reality. Using this model we build up a map of Office Automation to be use^not only by managers but also by technicians because the primaty advantage of such a framework is that it allows a comprehensive evaluation of technology without requhing extensive technical knowledge. Thus, the model can be seen as principle for design and diagnosis of Office Automation and as a common reference for managers and specialist avoiding the severe limitations arising from the language used by the last

Terasense WP03 radiation and sensor measurement lab workpackage

This paper explains the progress accomplished in the WP03 of the Terasense Project (TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSING APPLICATIONS) approved in the 2008 CONSOLIDERINGENIO program (project CSD2008-0068). The Radiation and Sensor Measurement Lab (RSMLab) is a laboratory based in the existing antenna measurement laboratories at UPM, UC3 and UNiOvi and the new capacities to extend the measurement range from the millimetre wave to the THz region. This laboratory is intended to be shared in more than one place and with more than one institution, in such a way that we could take advantage of other research financial sources and contributions from other institutions with interest in the same field of measurements. One important task will be the international links between the RSMLab and other European and international institutions dedicated to the antenna and sensor measurement in the same frequency range.