Robótica submarina: conceptos, elementos, modelado y control

Los robots submarinos han revolucionado la exploración del fondo marino. Por otro lado, estos robots han permitido realizar operaciones en aguas profundas sin la necesidad de enviar un vehículo tripulado por humanos. El futuro de esta tecnología es prometedor. El propósito de este documento es servir de primer contacto con este tema y va dirigido a estudiantes de postgrado, ingenieros e investigadores con interés en la robótica submarina. Además, se reporta el estado actual de los diferentes aspectos que giran alrededor de esta área de la robótica

Advanced Control Strategies for a 6 DoF Hydraulic Parallel Robot Based on the Dynamic Model

Nowadays robots have made their way into real applications that were prohibitive and unthinkable thirty years ago. This is mainly due to the increase in power computations and the evolution in the theoretical field of robotics and control. Even though there is plenty of information in the current literature on this topics, it is not easy to find clear concepts of how to proceed in order to design and implement a controller for a robot. In general, the design of a controller requires of a complete understanding and knowledge of the system to be controlled. Therefore, for advanced control techniques the systems must be first identified. Once again this particular objective is cumbersome and is never straight forward requiring of great expertise and some criteria must be adopted. On the other hand, the particular problem of designing a controller is even more complex when dealing with Parallel Manipulators (PM), since their closed-loop structures give rise to a highly nonlinear system. Under this basis the current work is developed, which intends to resume and gather all the concepts and experiences involve for the control of an Hydraulic Parallel Manipulator. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a guide remarking all the steps involve in the designing of advanced control technique for PMs. The analysis of the PM under study is minced up to the core of the mechanism: the hydraulic actuators. The actuators are modeled and experimental identified. Additionally, some consideration regarding traditional PID controllers are presented and an adaptive controller is finally implemented. From a macro perspective the kinematic and dynamic model of the PM are presented. Based on the model of the system and extending the adaptive controller of the actuator, a control strategy for the PM is developed and its performance is analyzed with simulation.

Desarrollo de un dispositivo háptico con reflexión de esfuerzos y con percepción inercial y de proximidad.

Este documento recoge el desarrollo del proyecto “desarrollo de un dispositivo háptico con reflexión de esfuerzos y con percepción inercial y de proximidad". El proyecto comprende el desarrollo y adaptación de una interfaz háptica para teleoperación. Dicha interfaz se concibió en un principio para su funcionamiento en entornos virtuales, llegando a desarrollarse un primer prototipo, para posteriormente tratar de adaptar dicha investigación a una aplicación más realista. El documento recoge desde la concepción del diseño inicial del sistema para la teleoperación en entornos virtuales hasta la adaptación de la misma a la teleoperación del robot humanoide submarino. Tras conocer la ingeniería de requerimientos llevada a cabo se exponen los primeros bocetos del sistema para, posteriormente, tratar el problema desde un punto técnico pasando por las diferentes ideas y, finalmente, llegar hasta los prototipos finales. En el apartado Anexos se exponen los códigos de Labview de una manera detallada a fin de comprender mejor el funcionamiento y concepción del sistema.

Modeling and Simulation of Upper Brachial Plexus Injury

This article presents the first musculoskeletal model and simulation of upper plexus brachial injury. From this model is possible to analyse forces and movement ranges in order to develop a robotic exoskeleton to improve rehabilitation. The software that currently exists for musculoskeletal modeling is varied and most have advanced features for proper analysis and study of motion simulations. Whilst more powerful computer packages are usually expensive, there are other free and open source packages available which offer different tools to perform animations and simulations and which obtain forces and moments of inertia. Among them, Musculoskeletal Modeling Software was selected to construct a model of the upper limb, which has 7 degrees of freedom and 10 muscles. These muscles are important for two of the movements simulated in this article that are part of the post-surgery rehabilitation protocol. We performed different movement animations which are made using the inertial measurement unit to capture real data from movements made by a human being. We also performed the simulation of forces produced in elbow flexion-extension and arm abduction-adduction of a healthy subject and one with upper brachial plexus injury in a postoperative state to compare the force that is capable of being produced in both cases.

On the Velocity and Acceleration Estimation from Discrete Time-Position Sensors

In this work is addressed the topic of estimation of velocity and acceleration from digital position data. It is presented a review of several classic methods and implemented with real position data from a low cost digital sensor of a hydraulic linear actuator. The results are analyzed and compared. It is shown that static methods have a limited bandwidth application, and that the performance of some methods may be enhanced by adapting its parameters according to the current state.