295 resultados para PUERTOS SECOS


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Offshore wind farms are beginning to form part of coastal and marine landscapes located in dynamic surroundings. An integral management model must therefore be applied to achieve not only technical and economic viability of the project but also respect for the environment. Amongst other aspects, the latter calls for an analysis of the possible impact these facilities may have on littoral processes and this requires the differences between littoral processes prior and subsequent to the facility’s construction to be known. The maritime climate, the composition of the coast, lay-out distribution and characteristics of the facility’s components need to be known, particularly foundations as they are the main obstacles waves and currents meet. This article first addresses different aspects related to an offshore wind farm’s influence on the analysis of how it affects littoral dynamics and, because of their importance in this study, pays special attention to foundations. Coastal erosion due to this type of facility is then examined. The main conclusion of this article is that, whilst there are certain opinions claiming the coast is not affected by the presence of this kind of facility since the distance from location to coast and between wind turbine generators themselves is long, the impact must be analysed in each specific case, at least until experience proves otherwise and criteria are adopted in this respect.

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In this paper the m-powers with m ≥ 2 included in the Lucas sequences when the index satisfies some conditions are found

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En este artículo se hace un informe de un libro sobre los números primos perteneciente a la colección divulgativa "El mundo es matemático". Dicha colección incluye otros libros que serán comentados próximamente.

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Este trabajo presenta las experiencias del Grupo de Innovación Educativa (GIE) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid “Pensamiento Matemático” relativas a la organización de convocatorias de diferentes concursos y competiciones relacionadas con las matemáticas dirigidas a estudiantes de universidad.

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Este artículo recoge la experiencia del Grupo de Innovación Educativa (GIE) "Pensamiento Matemático" de la Universidad Politécnica deMadrid (UPM) en la realización de una Gymkhana Matemática por el campus de Moncloa en la Ciudad Universitaria deMadrid que tuvo lugar el 30 de septiembre de 2011.

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Este artículo presenta el trabajo realizado por el GIE "Pensamiento Matemático" para preparar la participación de un grupo de alumnos universitarios en la competición matemática IMC.

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En los últimos tiempos se han incrementado las iniciativas para proteger y aumentar el uso sostenible de las dehesas españolas, buscando una gestión eficiente del sistema que permita alcanzar el equilibrio entre los bienes medioambientales, socioeconómicos y los servicios, incluyendo el papel que juegan estos sistemas como reservorios de carbono. Con objeto de mejorar nuestros conocimientos sobre los flujos de carbono en estos sistemas, se ha investigado la influencia de la cubierta arbórea, el pastoreo y el labrado en los flujos de emisión de CO2 procedentes de la respiración del suelo. Los flujos se midieron a lo largo de diez muestreos con un LI-COR 6400 en una dehesa en Oropesa, Toledo. Simultáneamente se midió la temperatura y la humedad del suelo. El valor medio anual obtenido de la respiración del suelo fue de 1,84 ?mol m-2 s-1. Los resultados obtenidos señalan a la humedad del suelo, como el principal factor que controla la respiración del suelo frente a la temperatura del suelo; obteniéndose una correlación positiva de la respiración del suelo con la temperatura del suelo cuando la humedad del suelo es alta. Los valores de Q10 variaron desde 0,3 en los meses más secos hasta 3,8 en los más húmedos. La respiración del suelo y el stock de C fueron mayores bajo copa que fuera de copa. No se ha podido observar un patrón claro de influencia en la respiración del suelo por el labrado, aunque el pastoreo disminuyó las tasas de respiración.

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Processes of founding and expanding cities in coastal areas have undergone great changes over time driven by environmental conditions. Coastal settlements looked for places above flood levels and away from swamps and other wetlands whenever possible. As populations grew, cities were extending trying to avoid low and wet lands. No city has been able to limit its growth. The risk of flooding can never be eliminated, but only reduced to the extent possible. Flooding of coastal areas is today dramatically attributed to eustasic sea level rise caused by global climate change. This can be inaccurate. Current climate change is generating an average sea level upward trend, but other regional and local factors result in this trend being accentuated in some places or attenuated, and even reversed, in others. Then, the intensity and frequency of coastal flooding around the planet, although not so much as a unique result of this general eustasic elevation, but rather of the superposition of marine and crustal dynamic elements, the former also climate-related, which give rise to a temporary raising in average sea level in the short term. Since the Little Ice Age the planet has been suffering a global warming change leading to sea level rise. The idea of being too obeying to anthropogenic factors may be attributed to Arrhenius (1896), though it is of much later highlight after the sixties of the last century. Never before, the human factor had been able of such an influence on climate. However, other types of changes in sea levels became apparent, resulting from vertical movements of the crust, modifications of sea basins due to continents fracturing, drifting and coming together, or to different types of climate patterns. Coastal zones are then doubly susceptible to floods. Precipitation immediately triggers pluvial flooding. If it continues upland or when snow and glaciers melt eventually fluvial flooding can occur. The urban development presence represents modifying factors. Additional interference is caused by river and waste water drainage systems. Climate also influences sea levels in coastal areas, where tides as well as the structure and dynamic of the geoid and its crust come into play. From the sea, waters can flood and break or push back berms and other coastline borders. The sea level, controlling the mouth of the main channel of the basin's drainage system, is ultimately what governs flood levels. A temporary rise in sea level acts as a dam at the mouth. Even in absence of that global change, so, floods are likely going to increase in many urban coastal areas. Some kind of innovative methodologies and practices should be needed to get more flood resilience cities

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A maritime construction is usually a slender line in the ocean.It is usual to see just its narrow surface strip and not analyse the large amount of submerged material the latter is supporting.Without doubt,it is the ground to which a notable load is transmitted in an environment subjected to periodic,alternating stresses,dynamic forces which the sea's media constitute. Both an outer and inner maritime construction works in a complex fashion.A granular solid(breakwater)breathes with the incident wave flow,dissipating part of the wave energy between its gaps.The backflow tries to extract the different items from the solid block,setting a balance between effective and neutral tensions that follow Terzaghui's principle. On some occasions,fluidification of the armour layer has caused the breakwater to collapse(Sines,Portugal,February 1978).On others,siphoning or liquefaction of sand supporting monoliths(vertical breakwaters)lead them to destruction or collapse(New Barcelona Harbour Mouth,Spain,November 2001). This is why the ground-force-structure interaction is a complicated analysis with joint design tools still in an incipient state. The purpose of this article is to describe two singular failures in inner maritime constructions in Spain deriving from ground problems(Malaga,July 2004and Barcelona,January 2007).They occurred recently and the causes are the subject of reflection and analysis.

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Análisis de los criterios de Osanai y Watabe para la obtención de energía en diques verticales, siguiendo criterios de péndulo simple, tanto directo como indirecto en mares sin marea y reduciendo la cota de coronación

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El desarrollo y el nivel de aplicación de la Estadística como herramienta útil y rigurosa en el campo de la investigación en todas las Ciencias han sido espectaculares en los últimos años. Este progreso ha venido estrechamente vinculado al que ha experimentado el área de la computación, que nos ha llevado a una sociedad absolutamente informatizada. Un segundo factor asociado a este progreso del conocimiento en el ámbito estadístico, ha sido el cambio de actitud experimentado por todos los profesionales

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Recuerdo la primera vez que vi la tercera "i", en minúscula, acompañando a las letras I + D, las ya conocidas como "Investigación+ Desarrollo". Me sorprendió, no sabía qué significaba, y me sentía que no iba al ritmo de los tiempos. El nuevo mantra era ahora la I + D+ i. La idea detrás de esa nueva letra era que los resultados de investigación no debían quedarse en el centro que los generara (universidad, instituto de investigación), sino que había que intentar transferir esos resultados a la sociedad, sacarlos del cajón del investigador, y permitir que fueran de provecho general. Esto normalmente se hace a través de empresas, que se encargan de productizar y comercializar el resultado de investigación.

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Análisis de las cimentaciones de los parques eólicos marinos situados en aguas de transición y en indefinidas, tipo gravedad; rozamiento, tipo pilotes; plataformas y flotantes, estudiando el fenómeno conjunto de interacción suelo - estructura y socavación

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Se definen conceptos y se aplica el teorema de Valverde para escribir un algoritmo que computa bases de similaridades. This paper studies sorne theory and methods to build a representation theorem basis of a similarity from the basis of its subsimilarities, providing an alternative recursive method to compute the basis of a similarity.

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Laser Welding (LW) is more often used in manufacturing due to its advantages, such as accurate control, good repeatability, less heat input, opportunities for joining of special materials, high speed, capability to join small dimension parts etc. LW is dedicated to robotized manufacturing, and the fabrication cells are using various level of flexibility, from specialized robots to very flexible setups. This paper features several LW applications using two industrially-scaled manufacturing cells at UPM Laser Centre (CLUPM) of Polytechnical University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid). The one dedicated to Remote Laser Welding (RLW) of thin sheets for automotive and other sectors uses a CO2 laser of 3500 W. The second has a high flexibility, is based on a 6-axis ABB robot and a Nd:YAG laser of 3300 W, and is meant for various laser processing methods, including welding. After a short description of each cell, several LW applications experimented at CLUPM and recently implemented in industry are briefly presented: RLW of automotive coated sheets, LW of high strength automotive sheets, LW vs. laser hybrid welding (LHW) of Double Phase steel thin sheets, and LHW of thin sheets of stainless steel and carbon steel (dissimilar joints). The main technological issues overcame and the critical process parameters are pointed out. Conclusions about achievements and trends are provided.