Teaching art and history to photonics students

The case to be reported in this paper is the teaching of topics involving the relation among Photonics, its history, the international situation and the artistic movements in each period. These kind of new studies correspond to a new tendency in teaching interdisciplinary topics to students coming from different areas. Two main courses, one in History and other one in Art, will be taken as examples. Theses two courses have been taught for several years in Madrid, Spain, for Telecomm students and the results have been very satisfactory

Noninvasive monitoring of serial changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and acute vasodilator testing using cardiac magnetic resonance

Objectives The study sought to evaluate the ability of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to monitor acute and long-term changes in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) noninvasively. Background PVR monitoring during the follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the response to vasodilator testing require invasive right heart catheterization. Methods An experimental study in pigs was designed to evaluate the ability of CMR to monitor: 1) an acute increase in PVR generated by acute pulmonary embolization (n = 10); 2) serial changes in PVR in chronic PH (n = 22); and 3) changes in PVR during vasodilator testing in chronic PH (n = 10). CMR studies were performed with simultaneous hemodynamic assessment using a CMR-compatible Swan-Ganz catheter. Average flow velocity in the main pulmonary artery (PA) was quantified with phase contrast imaging. Pearson correlation and mixed model analysis were used to correlate changes in PVR with changes in CMR-quantified PA velocity. Additionally, PVR was estimated from CMR data (PA velocity and right ventricular ejection fraction) using a formula previously validated. Results Changes in PA velocity strongly and inversely correlated with acute increases in PVR induced by pulmonary embolization (r = –0.92), serial PVR fluctuations in chronic PH (r = –0.89), and acute reductions during vasodilator testing (r = –0.89, p ≤ 0.01 for all). CMR-estimated PVR showed adequate agreement with invasive PVR (mean bias –1.1 Wood units,; 95% confidence interval: –5.9 to 3.7) and changes in both indices correlated strongly (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). Conclusions CMR allows for noninvasive monitoring of acute and chronic changes in PVR in PH. This capability may be valuable in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with PH.

Self-Organizing Architectural design based on Morphogenetic Programming.

In this paper, we present our research into self-organizing building algorithms. This idea of self-organization of animal/plants behaviour interests researchers to explore the mechanisms required for this emergent phenomena and try to apply them in other domains. We were able to implement a typical construction algorithm in a 3D simulation environment and reproduce the results of previous research in the area. LSystems, morphogenetic programming and wasp nest building are explained in order to understand self-organizing models. We proposed Grammatical swarm as a good tool to optimize building structures.

Rule Representation in Distributed Environments with Accepting Networks of Splicing Processors.

This paper presents the model named Accepting Networks of Evolutionary Processors as NP-problem solver inspired in the biological DNA operations. A processor has a rules set, splicing rules in this model,an object multiset and a filters set. Rules can be applied in parallel since there exists a large number of copies of objects in the multiset. Processors can form a graph in order to solve a given problem. This paper shows the network configuration in order to solve the SAT problem using linear resources and time. A rule representation arquitecture in distributed environments can be easily implemented using these networks of processors, such as decision support systems, as shown in the paper.

Business Process Optimization in Madrid City Council.

While designing systems and products requires a deep understanding of influences that achieve desirable performance, the need for an efficient and systematic decision-making approach drives the need for optimization strategies. This paper provides the motivation for this topic as well as a description of applications in Computing Center of Madrid city Council. Optimization applications can be found in almost all areas of engineering. Typical problems in process, working with a database, arise in query design, entity model design and concurrent processes. This paper proposes a solution to optimize a night process dealing with millions of records with an overall performance of about eight times in computation time.

Boolean logic device done with DFB laser diode

We present simulation results on how power output-input characteristic Instability in Distributed FeedBack -DFB semiconductor laser diode SLA can be employed to implemented Boolean logic device. Two configurations of DFB Laser diode under external optical injection, either in the transmission or in the reflective mode of operation, is used to implement different Optical Logic Cells (OLCs), called the Q- and the P-Device OLCs. The external optical injection correspond to two inputs data plus a cw control signal that allows to choose the Boolean logic function to be implement. DFB laser diode parameters are choosing to obtain an output-input characteristic with the values desired. The desired values are mainly the on-off contrast and switching power, conforming shape of hysteretic cycle. Two DFB lasers in cascade, one working in transmission operation and the other one in reflective operation, allows designing an inputoutput characteristic based on the same respond of a self-electrooptic effect device is obtained. Input power for a bit'T' is 35 uW(70uW) and a bit "0" is zero for all the Boolean function to be execute. Device control signal range to choose the logic function is 0-140 uW (280 uW). Q-device (P-device)

Laser diode bistability as sensor of optical signals pameters

Laser Diodes have been employed many times as light sources on different kinds of optical sensors. Their main function in these applications was the emission of an optical radiation impinging onto a certain object and, according to the characteristics of the reflected light, some information about this object was obtained. Laser diodes were acting, in a certain way, just as passive devices where their only function was to provide the adequate radiation to be later measured and analyzed. The objective of this paper is to report a new concept on the use of laser diodes taking into account their optical bistable properties. As it has been shown in several places, different laser diodes as, for example, DFB lasers and FP lasers, offer bistable characteristics being these characteristics a function of different parameters as wavelength, light polarization or temperature. Laser Bistability is strongly dependent on them and any small variation of above parameters gives rise to a strong change in the characteristics of its non-linear properties. These variations are analyzed and their application in sensing reported. The dependence on wavelength, spectral width, input power and phase variations, mainly for a Fabry-Perot Laser structure as basic configuration, is shown in this paper.

Alborada del fotón

Discurso pronunciado por D. J. A. Martín Pereda al ser investido Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña. En él, el autor reflexiona sobre su papel en el inicio de la Fotónica en España y su contribución en los años ochenta al Primer Plan Nacional de I+D

Variation among origins in nutrient composition and protein quality of soybean meals

Investigación sobre las variaciones en la composición y en la calidad de las proteinas de la alimentación animal basada en la soja en función de los orígenes

Detección precoz de mortalidad en producciones avícolas empleando termografía de alta resolución.

Las modernas instalaciones para la producción avícola de puesta agrupan un muy elevado número de individuos en baterías de jaulas. Esta disposición supone un reto de cara al control de temperaturas dentro de las naves, para garantizar que éstas se encuentren dentro del intervalo de confort térmico de los animales (12-24°C en el caso de ponedoras). Asimismo, la detección temprana de posibles individuos con problemas o muertos resulta una tarea imprescindible para asegurar el bienestar de los animales restantes. La supervisión continúa y multidistribuida de la temperatura en los gallineros puede contribuir al primer aspecto mencionado, mientras que la detección temprana de animales muertos o afectados por alteraciones que conllevan cambios en su temperatura, podría acometerse mediante imagen térmica. La imagen térmica es una técnica basada en la conversión del espectro de radiación infrarroja de un objeto a imágenes visibles para su posterior análisis. La posibilidad de determinar temperaturas a distancia y con una resolución espacial suficiente hace esta técnica especialmente adecuada para la monitorización de la temperatura de los animales en las actuales instalaciones comerciales. Así pues, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es mejorar el bienestar animal de ponedoras en instalaciones evaluando: a) la viabilidad de la imagen térmica para la identificación temprana de ejemplares muertos y b) la viabilidad de implementación de dispositivos autónomos registradores de Tª tipo RFID TurboTag para la supervisión ambiental. El presente trabajo analiza los resultados obtenidos a partir de la toma de imágenes térmicas de gallinas eutanasiadas durante dos sesiones de necropsias dentro de un estudio de evaluación de dos programas de vacunación frente a Salmonella llevado a cabo por el Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET-UCM) de marzo a abril de 2012. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo el enfriamiento de las zonas más expuestas (cara, cresta y patas) puede ajustarse mediante una regresión logística con un elevado coeficiente de determinación (r2 superior a 0.97). La implementación de un sistema automatizado para la detección temprana de individuos muertos en instalaciones comerciales requiere del empleo de técnicas de análisis de imagen, apuntadas en este trabajo, y de la realización de estudios adicionales bajo condiciones climáticas más amplias. Además, las tarjetas TurboTag suponen una herramienta eficaz (detectándose diferencias de Tª de hasta 40ºC entre distintas ubicaciones y a lo largo del periodo de medidas) y de bajo coste para la caracterización ambiental de los gallineros.

Some relations between visual perception and non-linear photonic structures

The main objective of this work is to present a way to emulate some functions of the mammalian visual system and a model to analyze subjective sensations and visual illusions

Cuasihistorieta a base de investigación y ciencia

Reflexión en clave de humor sobre cómo encaran los dirigentes la necesidad de dar directrices para incentivar la investigación en España.

Tendencias y perspectivas en las comunicaciones ópticas

El autor expone diversos puntos a considerar a la hora de hacer una adecuada elección de los medios emisores de radiación, como la longitud de onda a transmitir, la posibilidad de fácil modulación de la señal emitida y las características de los pulsos transmitidos. Se analizan los dos principales candidatos como emisores de luz: los láseres basados en el AsGa y los que están basados en el Nd.