Eighteenth-century type in the roal printing office

Tese apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa, para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Design

Monetary poverty, material deprivation and consistent poverty in Portugal

In this paper we use the Portuguese component of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions {EU-SILC) to develop a measure of consistent poverty in Portugal. It is widely agreed that being poor does not simply mean not having enough monetary resources. It also reflects a lack of access to the resources required to enjoy a minimum standard of living and participation in the society one belor]gs to. The coexistence of material deprivation and monetary poverty leads to the con'cept of consistent poverty. The assessment of material deprivation and the identification of the households and individuals living in consistent poverty could become essential parts of the national anti-poverty strategy and crucial instruments in the definition of the target groups in social policy.

Inflation and the personal distribution of income in Portugal.

Doutoramento em Economia.

External linkages, innovation and the small and medium sized enterprise: the role and effectiveness of public technology policy in Portugal.

Doutoramento em Economia.

The determinants of VAT revenues in Portugal

Mestrado em Finanças

A novel approach to reduce fire exposure and promote nature conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems: the case study of Reserva Natural da Serra da Malcata, Portugal

Mestrado Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Carências de boro no interior - norte e centro - de Portugal

In Portugal, boron deficiency has been observed almost everywhere, in particular in the interior of the country, causing severe crop damage. In the 1950’s, the growth anomalies in the Douro vineyards were recognised as a boron deficiency (called ´maromba’). From the 1980’s onwards systematic studies have been carried out in the northern and central interior of Portugal with the purpose of identifying and correcting this deficiency in fruit trees and forest/agroforest species. In this review paper an inventory of geological/lithological formations and soil groups is carried out where the boron shortage was most often detected. The environmental conditions that enhanced the occurrence of boron deficiency were reviewed. Based on studies carried out in these regions, the deficiency symptoms of selected trees were described, and also the boron concentrations in soils and leaves in which the symptoms had been observed were recorded. Experimental results of boron fertilisation in terms of growth or yield increase of crops were presented. Finally, an attempt is made to explain perplexities arisen from unexpected plant reactions, either due to the deficiency or to boron application, since the emergence of ´maromba’ in the 19th century until the present. In addition, some strategies for correction of scarcity of this micronutrient are suggested