Qualidade de vida dos cuidadores informais de doentes de Huntington

Introdução: A Doença de Huntington (DH) é uma patologia neuro degenerativa hereditária de transmissão autossómica dominante que afeta o movimento e conduz a um défice progressivo das capacidades cognitivas e comportamentais. Cuidar um doente de Huntington é um processo complexo e exigente com um grande impacto na saúde, bem-estar e qualidade de vida do cuidador informal. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da DH na Qualidade de Vida do Cuidador Informal, e verificar em que medida as variáveis sociodemográficas, contextuais e clínicas se relacionam com essa Qualidade de Vida. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, não experimental, transversal numa lógica de análise descritivo-correlacional com 50 Cuidadores Informais de nacionalidade espanhola, membros da “Asociación de Corea de Huntington Española” - ACHE. Utilizamos a versão espanhola do questionário: Huntington’s Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers (HDQoLC) como instrumento de colheita de dados especifico para a avaliação da QDV dos Cuidadores de Doentes de Huntington . Resultados: Os participantes são na sua maioria do sexo feminino (68%), com uma media de idades de 50,04 anos, casados (72%) com elevado grau de literacia (52%) e no ativo (72%). São essencialmente cônjuges da pessoa dependente (52%) ou filhos(as) (28%). Os resultados sugerem que os CI possuem uma QDV moderada (53%) na qual os “aspetos práticos do cuidar”, ou seja, o papel de cuidador, tem grande impacto na QDV (43%) a “satisfação com a vida e os “sentimentos sobre a vida com DH” parecem atenuar esta sobrecarga. Os dados obtidos revelam que as variáveis que influenciaram significativamente a Qualidade de Vida total são: as habilitações literárias e o número de horas de cuidados diários. No entanto podemos afirmar que a idade, tempo como CI e os motivos que levaram a assumir o papel de cuidador, tem uma relação expressiva com a dimensão “aspetos práticos do cuidar” da QDV. Conclusões: Os resultados reforçam a multidimensionalidade e variabilidade da qualidade de vida dos cuidadores informais de Doentes de Huntington e evidenciam a necessidade dos profissionais de saúde apostarem em programas de intervenção na comunidade, de forma a implementar estratégias de apoio que minimizem as dificuldades sentidas, aumentem a capacidade para a prestação de cuidados e que promovam a qualidade de vida dos que cuidam. Palavras-chave:; Doença de Huntington; Cuidadores Informais; Qualidade de Vida.

Caregivers’ burden experienced by relatives living with a person suffering from schizophrenia

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex chronic disease that turns the affected person into a dependent and disorganized patient. This pathology is responsible for a major burden on the family members who are in charge of taking care of that person. Analyze to what extant can socio-demographic, clinical and environmental variables interfere with the burden felt by family members who live with someone suffering from schizophrenia; to analyze the relationship between a depressive mood state and the burden on the family members who live with a person suffering from schizophrenia were our objectives. As a methodology, quantitative and non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The data collection was done through socio-demographic questionnaires; Vaz Serra and Pio Abreu’s Portuguese version of Beck Depression Inventory (1973); Zarit Burden Interview adapted by Sequeira (2007). 95 informal caregivers taking care of schizophrenic patients were assessed. Participants are mainly female (66%), aged 40 or over (79%) and 36 % are the patients’ mothers. Gender, age and existing family ties variables interfered significantly with the impact caused on the caregiver’s burden. There was a statistically significant correlation between the depressive symptomatology and the burden experienced by the family caregivers. Family/ informal caregiver experience several difficulties when they have to go through a daily process of taking care of a family member suffering from schizophrenia. This situation may cause exhaustion, conflicts, emotional suffering and even depressive symptomatology. This burden of care grows stronger as the patients are older, when they are male and when there are no families ties binding patient and caregiver. These variables must be taken into account in these caregivers’ service plans.

Dairy cattle-slurry treatment technologies: towards an integrating approach of crop production, animal feeding and environmental impacts

Dairy cattle farms have a well-known environmental impact that affects all ecological compartments: air, soil, water and biosphere [1]. Dairy cattle farming are a significant source of anthropogenic gases from enteric fermentation, manure storage and land application, mainly ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The emission of such gases represents not only an environmental problem but also leads to energy and nitrogen (N) losses in ruminant production systems [2-5]. Several efforts are required on the development of new technologies and strategies that mitigate gaseous emissions, N losses and improve the efficiency of the energy and N cycles [6, 7]. In the Northwest of Portugal, dairy cattle production has a major impact on the economy, with strong repercussions at national scale. Therefore, our Ph.D. thesis project aims to: a) Study natural supplements as additives in the dairy cattle diet towards a decrease in GHG emissions from feeding operations; b) Compare commercial dairy cattle diets with and without additives on gaseous emissions from manure deposited in a simulated concrete floor; c) Assess the concentrations and emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases from commercial dairy cattle facilities; d) Evaluate the effects of different additives on lowering gaseous emissions from dairy cattle excreta, using a laboratory system simulating a dairy house concrete floor.