Las reformas emprendidas en Túnez de la mano del FMI y el BM ¿Precedente para la revolución de los Jazmines?”(1987-2010)


Autoria(s): Salas Danies, Angie Carolina
Contribuinte(s)

Garzón Acosta, Juan Nicolás

Data(s)

15/11/2016

Resumo

El estallido de la “Revolución de los Jazmines” cuestionó el éxito de un país que por más de dos décadas fue exaltado por el Banco Mundial (BM) y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) por los logros alcanzados gracias a un programa de restructuración económica. Las exigencias e inconformidades de los manifestantes, que iban más allá de la falta de garantías democráticas, permitieron ver que el país sufría de problemas estructurales relacionados a los altos niveles de desempleo, la precariedad de la situación laboral y la desigualdad. Esta monografía pretende evaluar el papel que tuvieron las reformas económicas y en general el modelo de desarrollo que siguió Túnez de la mano del FMI y el BM, en el surgimiento y consolidación de las condiciones que dieron lugar a la Revolución de los Jazmines a finales del año 2010.

The outbreak of the “Jasmine Revolution” in Tunisia, called into question the “success” of a country that for more than two decades was praised by the World Bank andInternational Monetary Fund, for its achievements as a result of a comprehensive structural adjustment program. However, the demands and requirements of the demonstrators, showed that the country suffered of several structural problems, related to high levels of unemployment, and inequity. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the role of the reforms and development model followed by Tunisia accompanied by the WB and the IMF, in the emergence and consolidation of the factors that led to the outbreak of the Jasmine Revolution.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/12636

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de Relaciones Internacionales

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

Cohn, T. (2012). Global Political Economy. Logman Pearson Education Inc.

Hobbes, T. (s.f.) El Leviatan. Disponible en http://www.uruguaypiensa.org.uy/imgnoticias/749.pdf

International Institute for Labor Studies. (2011). Studies on Growth with Equity - Tunisia: A New Social Contract for Fair and Equitable Growth. Geneva: International Labour Office. Disponible en: http://ez.urosario.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=e000xww&AN=453529&lang=es&site=eds-live

Murphy, E. (1999). Economic and political change in Tunisia from Bourguiba to Ben Ali. [en linea] Basingstoke, Hampshire Macmillan: New York St. Martin’s Press. Disponible en: http://site.ebrary.com.ez.urosario.edu.co/lib/urosario/detail.action?docID=5001657

Nsouli, S., Eken, S., Duran, P., Bell, G., Yücelik, M., Zühtü, M. (1993). the Path to Convertibility and Growth: The Tunisian Experience. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.

Oatley, T. (2012). International Political Economy: Interests and Institutions in the Global Economy. Quinta edición, New York: Pearson Longman.

Raymond, A. Pocet J. (1971). La Tunisie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Rosseau, J. (1999) El contrato social o principios del derecho político. Disponible en: http://www.enxarxa.com/biblioteca/ROUSSEAU%20El%20Contrato%20Social.pdf

Stiglitz, J (2007). El Malestar de la Globalización. Madrid: Editorial punto de lectura.

Stiglitz, J (2012). El precio de la Desigualdad. Editorial Taurus Bogotá.

Blin, M. (2009). The Political Economy of IMF and World Bank Interventions: Is Tunisia Really a Model Student? En Harrigan, J. El-Said, H. (eds.), Aid and Power in the Arab World (págs. 105 -147). Reino Unido: Palgrave Macmillan.

Perkins, K. (2014). A Revolution for Dignity, Freedom, and Justice. En Perkins, K. A History of Modern Tunisia. (págs. 214-260).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Alvi, H. The Human Rights and Development Impetuses for Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution. Contemporary Review of the Middle East. 1(1) 25–51.

Achy, L. (2011). Tunisia’s Economic Challenges. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Disponible en: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/tunisia_economy.pdf

Ayeb, H. (2011). Social and political geography of the Tunisian revolution: the alfa grass revolution. Review of African Political Economy. 38 (129) 467-479. Disponible en : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2011.604250

Barwawi, H. (2014) Economic Policies, Structural Change and the Roots of the “Arab Spring” in Egypt. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance. 10 (3): 219–246.

Béchir, R. (2011). Pauvreté et politiques d’amélioration du niveau de vie, une étude sur le cas tunisien. New Medit (3) 6-10. Disponible en : http://www.iamb.it/share/img_new_medit_articoli/386_201103_04bechir.pdf

Bechiri, M., Naccache, S. (2009). The Political Economy of Trade Policy in Tunisia. Middle East Development Journal. 1(1), 31-58. Disponible en: http://www.worldscientific.com.ez.urosario.edu.co/loi/medj

Bellin, E. (2004) The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Politics. 36(2), 139-157. Disponible en: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150140

Bellin, E. (2012). Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring. Comparative Politics. 44(2), 127-149. Disponible en: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23211807

Bourguiba, H. (1966). The Tunisian Way. Foreign Affairs, 44(3) 480-488. Disponible en:http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ez.urosario.edu.co/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=a ba44e34-9a4e-4d3e-9245-2a05fc9f9252%40sessionmgr110&hid=112

El-Kawas, M. (2012). Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution: Causes and Impact. Mediterranean Quarterly. 23(4), 1-23.

Ghazali, M. (2009). Trade openness and wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in Tunisia. [en linea]. Economie Internationale, 1 (117), 63-67. Disponible en: https://www.cairn.info/revue-economie-internationale-2009-1-page-63.htm

Goaided, M. Sassi, S. (2015) Trade liberalisation and employment intensity of sectoral output growth: Lessons from Tunisia. The Economic and Labour Relations Review. 26(2), 261-275. Disponible en: http://ez.urosario.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=eoh&AN=1545093&lang=es&site=eds-live

Gore, C. (2000). The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Developing Countries. World Development, (5), 789.

Haouas, I., Sayre, E., Yagoubi, M. (2012). Youth Unemployment in Tunisia: Characteristics and Policy Responses. Topics In Middle Eastern & North African Economies: Proceedings Of The Middle East Economic Association. 14, 395-415. Disponible en: http://ez.urosario.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=edo&AN=83834960&lang=es&site=eds-live

Hibou, B. (1999). Les marges de manœuvre d’un “bon élève” économique : la Tunisie de Ben Ali. Centre d’études et de recherches internationales. (40) Disponible en: http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/etude60.pdf

Hibou, B. (2011). Macroéconomie et domination politique en Tunisie: du « miracle économique » benaliste aux enjeux socio-économiques du moment révolutionnaire. Politique africaine 60 4(124). 127-154.Disponible en : https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?download=1&ID_ARTICLE=POLAF_124_0127

Kaboub, F. (2012). From Neoliberalism to Social Justice: The Feasability of Full Employment in Tunisia. Review of Radical Political Economics, 44(3), 305-312. Disponible en: http://ez.urosario.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=edselc&AN=edselc.2-52.0-84865044377&lang=es&site=eds-live

Lamloum, O. y Khiari, S. (1998). Le zaïm et l'artisan ou de Bourguiba à Ben Ali. Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord. (37),377-395. Disponible en : http://aan.mmsh.univaix.fr/volumes/1998/Pages/AAN-1998-37_07.aspx

Momani,B. Lanz, D. (2014). Shifting IMF policies since the arab uprisings. Centre for International Governance Innovation CIGI. Informe de políticas 34. 1-8. Disponible en: https://www.cigionline.org/publications/shifting-imf-policies-arab-uprisings

Pfeifer, K. (1999). How Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan and even Egypt became IMF "Success Stories" in the 1990s. Middle East Report, (210), 23–27. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.2307/3012499

Ben Ali, 23 años de poder sin límites. (2011, 14 de enero) El Mundo. Disponible en: http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/01/14/internacional/1295033168.html

Geisser, V. Gobe, E. (2008) Un si long règne… Le régime de Ben Ali vingt ans après. L’Année du Maghreb (IV) 347-381. Disponible en: http://anneemaghreb.revues.org/464

Hibou, B. (1999). Les marges de manœuvre d'un 'bon élève' économique : la Tunisie de Ben Ali. CERI. Págs. 1-33. Disponible en: http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/etude60.pdf

Masmoudi, R. (2011). Tunisia, a game changer in the Middle East. Common Ground News Service (CGNews). Disponible en: http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=29123&lan=en&sp=0

Tunisia suicide protester Mohammed Bouazizi dies. (2011, 05 de enero) BBC. Disponible en : http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12120228

Al-Abed Al-Haq, F. Abdelhameed, A. The slogans of the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions. Jordania: Yarmouk University. Disponible en: http://media.leidenuniv.nl/legacy/fawwaz.pdf

Banco Central de Túnez. (2013) Balance des paiements de la Tunisie 2012. Banco Central de Túnez. Disponible en: http://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/balance2012.pdf

Banco Mundial. (1986). Tunisia - Agricultural Sector Adjustment Project. Washington, DC: Banco Mundial. Washington DC: World Bank. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1986/09/722734/tunisia-agriculturalsector-adjustment-project

Banco Mundial. (1987). Tunisia Industrial and Trade Policy Adjustment Loan Project. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1987/01/739746/tunisia-industrial-tradepolicy-adjustment-loan-project

Banco Mundial. (1988). Tunisia Structural Adjustment Loan Project. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1988/05/737600/tunisia-structuraladjustment-loan-project

Banco Mundial. (1989). Tunisia - Public Enterprise Reform Loan. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1989/06/737386/tunisiapublic-enterprise-reform-loan

Banco Mundial. (1991). Tunisia - Economic and Financial Reforms Support Loan Project. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1991/11/722710/tunisia-economicfinancial-reforms-support-loan-project

Banco Mundial. (1998). Tunisia - Economic Competitiveness Adjustment Loan Project. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1998/12/728015/tunisia-economiccompetitiveness-adjustment-loan-project

Banco Mundial. (1999) Tunisia - Second Economic Competitiveness Adjustment Loan Project. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1999/03/728124/tunisia-secondeconomic-competitiveness-adjustment-loan-project

Banco Mundial. (2001). Tunisia - Third Economic Competitiveness Adjustment Loan Project. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/12/1089569/tunisia-thirdeconomic-competitiveness-adjustment-loan-project

Banco Mundial. (2005). Tunisia - Fourth Economic Competitiveness Development Policy Loan. Washington DC: Banco Mundial. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/05/5808498/tunisia-fourtheconomic-competitiveness-development-policy-loan

Banco Mundial. (2016). Túnez: World Development Indicators Data Base. Disponible en: http://datos.bancomundial.org/pais/tunez

Banco Mundial. Banco Islámico de Desarrollo. (2005). Tunisia: Understanding Successful Socioeconomic Development, a Joint World Bank–Islamic Development Bank Evaluation of Assistance. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. Disponible en: http://elibrary.worldbank.org.ez.urosario.edu.co/doi/pdf/10.1596/0-8213-5974-6

Bibi, S. (2011). Poverty and Inequality in Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania. Banco Africano de Desarrollo. Disponible en: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/North%20Africa %20Poverty%20Anglais%20ok_North%20Africa%20Quaterly%20Analytical.pdf

Camdessus, M. (1996). The Challenges for the Arab World in the Global Economy: Stability and Structural Adjustment. Nueva York: IMF External Relations Department. Disponible en: https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/mds/1996/mds9608.htm

Chirac, J. (1995) Discours de M. Jacques CHIRAC, Président de la République, devant l'Assemblée nationale Tunisienne. Disponible en : http://www.jacqueschirac-asso.fr/archiveselysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais/interventions/discours_et_declarations/1995/octobre /fi003787.html

Comisión Europea. (2016). Country trade profile: Tunisia. Disponible en: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/tunisia/

Cooke, J. J. (2015). Habib Bourguiba. Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia

Dynamiques Institutionnelles politiques et sociales du Monde Musulman. [apuntes de la clase] (2013, II semestre). Profesor: René Otayek. Institute d’études politiques de Bordeaux.

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2002). IMF Managing Director Horst Köhler's Remarks in Tunisia. Washington, D.C.: Fondo Monetario Internacional. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/nb/2002/nb02108.htm

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2003). Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia. (págs. 1- 69). Washington D.C: Fondo Monetario Internacional. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2003/cr03259.pdf

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2004). Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia. Washington D.C: Fondo Monetario Internacional. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2004/cr04359.pdf

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2006). Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia. Washington D.C: Fondo Monetario Internacional. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr06207.pdf

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2007a). Statement by IMF Deputy Managing Director Murilo Portugal at the Conclusion of his Visit to Tunisia. Comunicado de prensa 7(65). Disponible en: https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2007/pr0765.htm

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2007b). Article IV Consultation--Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia. Washington D.C: Fondo Monetario. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2007/cr07302.pdf

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2008a). IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn's Statement at the Conclusion of his Visit to Tunisia. Comunicado de prensa 8 (291) Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2008/pr08291.htm

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2008b). Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia. Washington D.C: Fondo Monetario. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr08345.pdf

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2010a). Trade Competitiveness and Growth MENA. World Economic Forum's Arab World Competitiveness Review. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/np/vc/2010/103010.htm

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2010b). Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia. Washington D.C: Fondo Monetario. Disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/cr10282.pdf

Fondo Monetario Internacional. (2016). About the IMF work: surveillance. Disponible en: https://www.imf.org/external/about/econsurv.htm

Ghali, S., y P. Mohnen (2004). ‘The Tunisian Path to Development: 1961-2001’. Conferencia global del Banco Mundial “Reducing Poverty, Sustaining Growth: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why? Shanghai: Banco Mundial. Disponible en: http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/reducingpoverty/case/32/fullcase/Tunisia%20F ull%20Case.pdf

Ministerio de Finanzas de la República de Túnez. (2016). Síntesis de indicadores de finanzas públicas. Disponible en: http://www.finances.gov.tn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134&Itemi d=304&lang=fr

Ministerio del Desarrollo, de la Inversión y de la Cooperación Internacional. (2010). Développement Economique & Social En Tunisie 2010 – 2014: Vers une croissance basée sur l’innovation et la créativité. Disponible en: 65 http://www.mdci.gov.tn/fileadmin/publications/Developpement_Economique_Social_20 10_2014_Fr.pdf

Organización Internacional del Trabajo.(2011). Tunisia a new social contract for fair and equitable growth. Disponible en: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/@publ/documents/ publication/wcms_164544.pdf

Organización Internacional del Trabajo. (2011b). Una nueva era de justicia social. Memoria del Director General. Disponible en: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@relconf/documents/meetingd ocument/wcms_155844.pdf

Organización Mundial del Comercio. (2005). Informe de la secretaria para el exámen de las políticas comerciales en Túnez. Disponible en: https://www.wto.org/spanish/tratop_s/tpr_s/tp252_s.htm

Organización Mundial del Comercio. (2016). Stadistic data base. Disponible en: http://stat.wto.org/StatisticalProgram/WSDBViewData.aspx?Language=E

Tunisie 20 ans de progrès [archivo de video](2008) Disponible en : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=az35vJCg8jU

World Economic Forum. (2006). The Global Competitiveness Report 2006–2007. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Disponible en: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2006-07.pdf

Palavras-Chave #Relaciones internacionales #Ayuda internacional #Movimientos revolucionarios #Reforma económica #Fondo Monetario Internacional #Banco Mundial #327 #Jasmine Revolution #IMF #WB #Development #Development paradigms
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion