A molecular phylogeny of the stingless bee genus Melipona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Stingless bees (Meliponini) constitute a diverse group of highly eusocial insects that occur throughout tropical regions around the world. The meliponine genus Melipona is restricted to the New World tropics and has over 50 described species. Melipona, like Apis, possesses the remarkable ability to use representational communication to indicate the location of foraging patches. Although Melipona has been the subject of numerous behavioral, ecological, and genetic studies, the evolutionary history of this genus remains largely unexplored. Here, we implement a multigene phylogenetic approach based on nuclear, mitochondrial, and ribosomal loci, coupled with molecular clock methods, to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships and antiquity of subgenera and species of Melipona. Our phylogenetic analysis resolves the relationship among subgenera and tends to agree with morphology-based classification hypotheses. Our molecular clock analysis indicates that the genus Melipona shared a most recent common ancestor at least similar to 14-17 million years (My) ago. These results provide the groundwork for future comparative analyses aimed at understanding the evolution of complex communication mechanisms in eusocial Apidae. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ORBS (Opportunities for Research in the Behavioral Sciences Program)

ORBS (Opportunities for Research in the Behavioral Sciences Program)

National Science Foundation (NSF)[DEB 0608409]

U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

National Science Foundation (NSF)[NSF-IBN 0316697]

National Science Foundation (NSF)[NSF DEB 0447242]

U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

National Science Foundation (NSF)[NSF-IBN 0545856]

Putnam Expedition Fund

Putnam Expedition Fund