聚芳砜的结构与热性能研究

由亲核缩聚制取了五种不同化学结构的聚芳醚砜（BDC、SDC、PDC、HDC、BPDC）。用红外光谱、X-射线对它们的分子结构和聚集态结构进行了解。同时经偏光显微镜，电镜等观察初步发现聚芳醚砜存在着高分子液晶态的可能性。从一系列测试手段（Tg、TgA、红外、热裂解色谱、热裂解质谱等）对不同化学结构的聚芳醚砜与热性能关系的较系统考察结果看出：（1）聚芳醚砜诉分子结构与聚集态结构均在一定升温条件下影响到它的热稳定性及热氧裂解行为。当处理温度高于它的流动温度时，链的分子结构的影响则是主要因素。（2）链分子结构的断裂行为首先表面在弱键及热氧敏感基因上，如C_芳-C键、季碳原子等，但它们又受到邻近基因的相互影响。（3）一些聚芳醚砜在热处理中发生交联反应，其中BPDC的流动温度与交联温度相距太近，对注射成型加工是不利的，而BDC、SDC的加工成型温度也难以较长期的接近300 ℃在耐高温水解性能的研究中，可以认为所有样品在200-250 ℃温度范围内，都具有一定的高温水解稳定性，其中以HDC、PDC较为优异。

树突状细胞亚群在SIVmac239感染中国恒河猴中数量、表型和功能变化及其机制的研究

本论文主要由3 个相对独立的部分组成：中国恒河猴单核细胞来源的树突 状细胞的表型及功能研究；外周血DC 亚群在SIVmac239 感染的中国恒河猴中 数量及细胞因子的变化以及急性感染期SIVmac239 对中国恒河猴外周血DC 亚 群的凋亡和免疫表型的影响。 非人灵长类动物是人类的近亲，由于在组织结构、免疫、生理和代谢等诸 多方面与人类高度近似，科学界较普遍地利用非人灵长类作为动物模型来进行 艾滋病（AIDS）的发病机制和疫苗研究。中国恒河猴发病缓慢，更适合于HIV 感染的相关研究。在本研究中，我们在体外成功培养了中国恒河猴单核细胞来 源的树突状细胞（monocyte derived dendritic cells，MDDC），并测定其表型和免 疫刺激功能。通过GM-CSF 和IL-4 共同刺激培养单核细胞6 天以后便获得了未 成熟MDDC，随后加入IL-1β、PGE2、LPS 和TNF-α 联合刺激MDDC 成熟。 成熟的MDDC 上调了共刺激分子和CD83 的表达，具有很强的刺激T 淋巴细胞 增殖的能力并分泌大量的IL-12。本研究为后续的DC 疫苗研究奠定了基础。 我们实验室建立了SIVmac239 感染的中国恒河猴动物模型。以该模型为依 托，我们研究了外周血中DC 亚群在急性感染期以及慢性感染期的数量、表型 及功能变化。DC 作为最重要的连接先天免疫与获得性免疫的抗原递呈细胞， 在AIDS 发病进程中扮演着重要的角色。研究发现AIDS 患者血液和淋巴结中 髓样DC（myeloid DC，mDC）和浆细胞样DC（plasmacytoid DC，pDC）会随 着感染的进程而减少，并且伴随着功能损伤。本论文通过研究发现，中国恒河 猴的DC 亚群数量在感染后尽管波动十分剧烈，但并没有显著性地增加或减少， 中文摘要 2 在后期DC 数量能够回升到正常的范围之类，这种回升不同于印度恒河猴，很 可能是中国恒河猴缓慢发病的原因之一。进一步通过研究体外刺激DC 亚群分 泌的细胞因子，我们发现在急性感染期，pDC 分泌的IFN-α 显著提高，并很可 能刺激mDC 成熟并促进了IL-12 的分泌。早期大量细胞因子的分泌有助于控制 病毒复制，但同时也激起了整个免疫系统的活化，促进了疾病进程。而在整个 感染阶段，IFN-α 与CD4+ T 细胞呈正相关，而与病毒载量呈负相关，表明了 IFN-α 对于延缓疾病进程具有重要的意义。 我们测定了急性感染期DC 亚群受病毒影响而发生的表型变化，发现pDC 更容易受到病毒影响而发生凋亡，这可能与pDC 高表达SIV 受体CD4 和CCR5 有关。在感染过程中，尽管mDC 和pDC 都显著地下调了CD4 表达，而上调了 CCR5 的表达，不过仅发现pDC CD4 的表达与病毒载量呈负相关，而CCR5 的 表达与病毒载量呈正相关。在此过程中DC 亚群都会因为病毒的影响而活化， 继而提高CCR7 的表达。同时无论mDC 还是pDC，其表达的CD80 和CD86 都与病毒载量呈正相关。在早期感染中，DC 的活化促使整个免疫系统针对病 毒发挥免疫反应，对于控制疾病发展具有重要意义。

Structure characterization and physical properties of a complex with supramolecular architectures Co-2(2,6-DPC2Co(H2O)5 center dot 2H(2)O (DPC=2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate)

Reaction of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic with CoCl2 . 6H(2)O in aqueous solution give rise to a three-dimensional Complex CO2(2,6-DPC)(2)Co(H2O)(5).2H(2)O (DPC = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate) 1. It has been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra (IR) spectrum, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, EPR spectrum, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the P2(1)/c space group with a = 8.3906(3) Angstrom, b = 27.4005(8) Angstrom, c = 9.6192(4) A, alpha = 90.00degrees, beta = 98.327(2)degrees, gamma = 90.00degrees, V = 2188.20(14) Angstrom(3), Z = 4. There are two types of cobalt environments: Co(1) is coordinated by four oxygen atoms from four carboxyl groups and two nitrogen 2 atoms which are all from pdc(2). Co(2) is coordinated by six oxygen atoms, five from coordinated water molecules and one from a carboxyl of pdc(2) - of which the other oxygen atom is linked to the Co(1). The extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed in the crystal by means of the five coordinated water molecules.

Chemical bonding and electronic structure of 4d-metal monocarbides

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, dissociation energies, electron affinities, ionization potentials and dipole moments of the title molecules in neutral and charged ions were studied by use of density functional method. Ground states for each molecule were assigned. For neutral and cationic molecules, the bond distance decreases from YC (YC+) to RhC (RhC+), then increases, while for anionic molecules, the bond distance decreases from YC- to RuC-, then increases. Opposite trend was observed for vibrational frequency. The bond ionic character decreases from ZrC to PdC for neutral molecules. The bonding patterns are discussed and compared with the available studies.

HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE DETERMINATION OF RIBOFLAVIN BY FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS USING PARALLEL DUAL-CYLINDER MICROELECTRODES

A novel wall-jet cell with parallel dual cylinder (PDC) microelectrodes was constructed and used for flow injection analysis (FLA). The detector takes the advantages of ''redox recycling'' between bipotentiostated microcylinder electrodes (- 0.4 V/SCE an

Construction of shuttle, expression vector of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) gene and its expression in a cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

The construction of the shuttle, expression vector of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) gene and its expression in a cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was reported. The 700-bp hTNF cDNA fragments have been recovered from plasmid pRL-rhTNF, then inserted downstream of the promoter PpsbA in the plasmid pRL439. The resultant intermediary plasmid pRL-TC has further been combined with the shuttle vector pDC-8 to get the shuttle, expression vector pDC-TNF. The expression of the rhTNF gene in Escherichia coil has been analyzed by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer scanning, and the results show that the expressed TNF protein with these two vectors is 16.9 percent (pRL-TC) and 15.0 percent (pDC-TNF) of the total proteins in the cells, respectively, while the expression level of TNF gene in plasmid pRL-rhTNF is only 11.8 percent. Combined with the participation of the conjugal and helper plasmids, pDC-TNF has been introduced into Anabaena sg PCC 7120 by triparental conjugative transfer, and the stable transgenic strains have been obtained. The existence of the introduced plasmid pDC-TNF in recombinant cyanobacterial cells has been demonstrated by the results of the agarose electrophoresis with the extracted plasmid samples and Southern blotting with alpha-(32)p labeled hTNF cDNA probes, while the expression of the hTNF gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has been confirmed by the results of Western blotting with extracted protein samples and human TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies. The cytotoxicity assays using the mouse cancer cell line L929 proved the cytotoxicity of the TNF in the crude extracts from the transgenic cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120.

Levels of glucose and triglycerides in seminal plasma and spermatic motility in guinea pig fed with 10% more in digestible energy

The objective the study was to determine the levels of glucose and triglycerides in seminal plasma of 10 guinea pigs, which were fed for a period of 2 months with a diet containing 10% more ED. The level of glucose found in seminal plasma was 11.59 ± 0.5 mg/dL and triglyceride value was 55.95 ± 3.2 mg/dL, while the motility was 97% on average. We conclude that in guinea pigs the levels both glucose and triglycerides were increased by major level of ED in feed, but the spermatic motility was not.

Estudo da interacção de complexos de vanádio com a ca2+-atpase de retículo sarcoplasmático: análise estrutural e funcional

A bomba de cálcio de retículo sarcoplasmático é uma das proteínas mais extensivamente estudadas, capaz de interagir com várias espécies e compostos de vanádio. Combinando-se estudos de fluorescência com ensaios cinéticos de transporte e ligação de 45Ca à ATPase, avaliou-se o efeito de três complexos de vanádio na função bioenergética e estrutural de Ca2+-ATPase. Demonstrou-se que concentrações próximas dos valores de IC50 (para a hidrólise de ATP) de BMOV-V(IV) e de PDC-V(V) não inibem significativamente a acumulação de 45Ca por sarcovesículas. Por outro lado, o complexo PDC-V(V) mostrou ser capaz de estimular a ligação de 45Ca ao retículo sarcoplasmático, sugerindo que este complexos pode interagir com o domínio de ligação de cálcio à bomba. Vários estudos de fluorescência mostraram que BMOV-V(IV) e PDC-V(V) poderão ser capazes de induzir a conformação E2 (tal como soluções de “decavanadato” e de “monovanadato”) e E1 de Ca2+-ATPase (tal como soluções de “metavanadato”), respectivamente. Apesar de o composto HAIDA-V(IV) previlegiar a conformação E1 (devido à sua elevada afinidade para iões Ca2+), inibiu significativamente o transporte e a ligação de 45Ca, o que sugere que possa interagir com os locais de união de cálcio. Os resultados obtidos são consistentes com a formação de um aducto entre o composto de vanádio e a proteína, o que sugere um efeito na homeostasia intracelular de cálcio, nos sistemas de contracção muscular e, inclusive, nas vias de acção de insulina. Cada um dos três complexos promoveu respostas distintas na Ca2+-ATPase, sugerindo uma evidencia de actividades biológicas diversas em função da espécie química de V e do ambiente de coordenação.

A Retrospective Claims Analysis of Medication Adherence and Persistence Among Patients Taking Antidepressants for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2015

O Papel da Memória de Trabalho na Perturbação do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação, em Crianças Com Diagnóstico de Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção

Este estudo pretende (1) encontrar a prevalência da Perturbação do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (PDC) em crianças com Perturbação de Hiperatividades e Défice de Atenção (PHDA); (2) analisar qual a prevalência de défices de memória de trabalho verbal e não-verbal, em crianças com PHDA e comparar o desempenho entre as crianças que só apresentam PHDA e aquelas que apresentam também PDC; (3) verificar se a ocorrência de PDC é agravada, de acordo com a presença ou ausência de alterações de memória de trabalho e se estas podem ser consideradas fatores de risco ou de proteção para a manifestação de PDC, enquanto comorbilidade de PHDA. Foram selecionadas 37 crianças com diagnóstico de PHDA, com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e os 14 anos. A componente motora foi avaliado com a versão curta do Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) e o Questionário de Perturbação do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação 2007 (DCDQ’07); a memória de trabalho foi avaliada através da Figura Complexa de Rey, Trail Making Test - parte B e Memória de Dígitos – sentido inverso. Para determinar o impacto da memória de trabalho na componente motora, recorreu-se a uma regressão logística. Encontrou-se uma prevalência de PDC de 51% e de défices ao nível da memória de trabalho verbal e não-verbal de 60% e 80%, respetivamente, para a amostra total de crianças com PHDA. A terapêutica farmacológica para a PHDA revelou-se fator protetor para a manifestação de PDC, principalmente quando a primeira se encontra associada com o nascimento de termo. Um mau desempenho no teste Memória de Dígitos – sentido inverso é fator de risco para a manifestação de PDC, em crianças com PHDA. Este estudo permitiu verificar que crianças com PHDA+PDC apresentam défices motores genuínos, característicos de manifestação de PDC. Parecem também existir relações bastante complexas entre a memória de trabalho e os mecanismos de controlo motor na PHDA, sendo que estes podem ser distintos quando está presente uma comorbilidade de PDC.

Importância da disfunção da integração sensorial e da regulação emocional na manisfestação da perturbação do desenvolvimento da coordenação em crianças com perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção

Objetivos: Com a realização deste estudo pretende-se encontrar a prevalência da PDC em crianças entre os 7 e os 14 anos, com diagnóstico de PHDA, com recurso ao BOTMP e ao DCDQ’07 e perceber a existência de fatores de agravamento ou proteção. O segundo objetivo pretende analisar o desempenho de crianças com PHDA ao nível da integração sensorial e regulação emocional. Por último, o terceiro objetivo é analisar os resultados obtidos com as medidas da integração sensorial e regulação emocional, comparando o desempenho entre as crianças que só apresentam PHDA e aquelas que apresentam também PDC, analisado o efeito da integração sensorial e regulação emocional no domínio motor. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 37 crianças com diagnóstico de PHDA com idades compreendidas entre 7 e 14 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada na ULSNE, com apenas um momento de avaliação. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico, DCDQ’07, BOTMP, SenSOR e ERE. Para determinar o impacto da integração sensorial e regulação emocional no domínio motor, recorreu-se a uma regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência das crianças com PHDA que possuí PDC como comorbilidade foi de 51 %, tendo a toma da medicação e o nascimento a termo como fatores de proteção. As crianças avaliadas possuem hiperresponsividade e labilidade emocional, sendo estes défices semelhantes em crianças só com PHDA e com comorbilidade de PDC. Verificou-se ainda que a hiperresponsividade pode estar na base das dificuldades motoras apresentadas por estas crianças, sendo a hiperresponsividade no domínio vestíbulo-propriocetivo um possível fator de agravamento para o desenvolvimento da PDC, quando avaliada pelos pais. Conclusão: Existe uma elevada prevalência da PDC na PHDA tendo sido encontrados défices na regulação emocional e integração sensorial, que poderão explicar as dificuldades apresentadas no domínio motor ou existir como comorbilidade. É imprescindível ter a noção destas dificuldades vivenciadas tanto no diagnóstico como no tratamento, de forma a minimizar o impacto funcional no dia-a-dia das crianças com PHDA.

Immunology taught by lung dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are leukocytes specialised in the uptake, processing, and presentation of antigen and fundamental in regulating both innate and adaptive immune functions. They are mainly localised at the interface between body surfaces and the environment, continuously scrutinising incoming antigen for the potential threat it may represent to the organism. In the respiratory tract, DCs constitute a tightly enmeshed network, with the most prominent populations localised in the epithelium of the conducting airways and lung parenchyma. Their unique localisation enables them to continuously assess inhaled antigen, either inducing tolerance to inoffensive substances, or initiating immunity against a potentially harmful pathogen. This immunological homeostasis requires stringent control mechanisms to protect the vital and fragile gaseous exchange barrier from unrestrained and damaging inflammation, or an exaggerated immune response to an innocuous allergen, such as in allergic asthma. During DC activation, there is upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and maturation markers, enabling DC to activate naïve T cells. This activation is accompanied by chemokine and cytokine release that not only serves to amplify innate immune response, but also determines the type of effector T cell population generated. An increasing body of recent literature provides evidence that different DC subpopulations, such as myeloid DC (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in the lungs occupy a key position at the crossroads between tolerance and immunity. This review aims to provide the clinician and researcher with a summary of the latest insights into DC-mediated pulmonary immune regulation and its relevance for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various disease conditions such as infection, asthma, COPD, and fibrotic lung disease.

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are Productively Infected and Activated through TLR-7 Early after Arenavirus Infection.

The antiviral response is largely mediated by dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional (c) DCs that function as antigen-presenting cells, and plasmacytoid (p) DCs that produce type I interferons, making them an attractive target for viruses. We find that the Old World arenaviruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV Cl13) and Lassa virus bind pDCs to a greater extent than cDCs. Consistently, LCMV Cl13 targets pDCs early after in vivo infection of its natural murine host and establishes a productive and robust replication cycle. pDCs coproduce type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, with the former being induced in both infected and uninfected pDCs, demonstrating a dissociation from intrinsic virus replication. TLR7 globally mediates pDC responses, limits pDC viral load, and promotes rapid innate and adaptive immune cell activation. These early events likely help dictate the outcome of infections with arenaviruses and other DC-replicating viruses and shed light on potential therapeutic targets.

Phonon dispersion curves and atomic mean square displacement for several fcc and bcc materials

The atomic mean square displacement (MSD) and the phonon dispersion curves (PDC's) of a number of face-centred cubic (fcc) and body-centred cubic (bcc) materials have been calclllated from the quasiharmonic (QH) theory, the lowest order (A2 ) perturbation theory (PT) and a recently proposed Green's function (GF) method by Shukla and Hiibschle. The latter method includes certain anharmonic effects to all orders of anharmonicity. In order to determine the effect of the range of the interatomic interaction upon the anharmonic contributions to the MSD we have carried out our calculations for a Lennard-Jones (L-J) solid in the nearest-neighbour (NN) and next-nearest neighbour (NNN) approximations. These results can be presented in dimensionless units but if the NN and NNN results are to be compared with each other they must be converted to that of a real solid. When this is done for Xe, the QH MSD for the NN and NNN approximations are found to differ from each other by about 2%. For the A2 and GF results this difference amounts to 8% and 7% respectively. For the NN case we have also compared our PT results, which have been calculated exactly, with PT results calculated using a frequency-shift approximation. We conclude that this frequency-shift approximation is a poor approximation. We have calculated the MSD of five alkali metals, five bcc transition metals and seven fcc transition metals. The model potentials we have used include the Morse, modified Morse, and Rydberg potentials. In general the results obtained from the Green's function method are in the best agreement with experiment. However, this improvement is mostly qualitative and the values of MSD calculated from the Green's function method are not in much better agreement with the experimental data than those calculated from the QH theory. We have calculated the phonon dispersion curves (PDC's) of Na and Cu, using the 4 parameter modified Morse potential. In the case of Na, our results for the PDC's are in poor agreement with experiment. In the case of eu, the agreement between the tlleory and experiment is much better and in addition the results for the PDC's calclliated from the GF method are in better agreement with experiment that those obtained from the QH theory.

Cardiovascular effects of a medetomidine constant rate infusion at different dose levels in anaesthetized dogs

Les effets cardiovasculaires des alpha-2 agonistes, particulièrement importants chez les chiens, limitent leur utilisation en pratique vétérinaire. La perfusion à débit constant (PDC) de ces drogues, comme la médétomidine (MED) permettrait un contrôle plus précis de ces effets. Les effets hémodynamiques de plusieurs doses de MED en PDC ont été évalués chez le chien. Lors de cette étude prospective, réalisée en double aveugle, 24 chiens en santé, ont reçu de façon aléatoire une des 6 doses de MED PDC (4 chiens par groupe). Les chiens ont été ventilés mécaniquement pendant une anesthésie minimale standardisée avec de l’isoflurane dans de l’oxygène. Une dose de charge (DC) de médétomidine a été administrée aux doses de 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0 ou 12.0 µg/kg pendant 10 minutes, après laquelle la MED PDC a été injectée à une dose identique à celle de la DC pendant 60 minutes. L’isoflurane a été administré seul pendant une heure après l’administration d’une combinaison d’ISO et de MED PDC pendant 70 minutes. La fréquence cardiaque (FC), la pression artérielle moyenne (PAM) et l’index du débit cardiaque (IC) ont été mesurés. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis d’évaluer le profil pharmacocinétique. D’après ces études, les effets hémodynamiques de la MED PDC pendant une anesthésie à l’isoflurane ont été doses-dépendants. L’IC a diminué progressivement alors que la dose de MED augmentait avec: 14.9 (12.7), 21.7 (17.9), 27.1 (13.2), 44.2 (9.7), 47.9 (8.1), and 61.2 (14.1) % respectivement. Les quatre doses les plus basses n’ont provoqué que des changements minimes et transitoires de la FC, de la PAM et de l’IC. La pharmacocinétique apparaît clairement dose-dépendante. De nouvelles expériences seront nécessaires afin d’étudier l’utilisation clinique de la MED PDC.