An Old World Yet to Discover? European Studies in the Latin American Southern Cone

In spite of the strong historical links that connect Europe with South America, EU studies are underdeveloped in the latter region. This article takes stock of how European politics in general, and European integration in particular, are studied and taught in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay in order to assess such paradox and evaluate its prospects.

Comparing emergy accounting with well-known sustainability metrics: The case of Southern Cone Common Market, Mercosur

The quality and the power of human activities affect the external environment in different ways that can be measured and evaluated by means of several approaches and indicators. While the scientific community has been publishing several proposals for sustainable development indicators, there is still no consensus regarding the best approach to the use of these indicators and their reliability to measure sustainability. It is important, therefore, to question the effectiveness of sustainable development indicators in an effort to continue in the search for sustainability. This paper compares the results obtained with emergy accounting with five global Sustainability Metrics (SMs) proposed in the literature to verify if metrics are communicating coherent and similar information to guide decision makers towards sustainable development. Results obtained using emergy indices are discussed with the aid of emergy ternary diagrams. Metrics are confronted with emergy results, and the degree of variability among them is analyzed using a correlation matrix created for the Mercosur nations. The contrast of results clearly shows that metrics arrive at different interpretations about the sustainability of the nations studied, but also that some metrics may be grouped and used more prudently. Mercosur is presented as a case study to highlight and explain the discrepancies and similarities among Sustainability Metrics, and to expose the extent of emergy accounting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recent Southern Cone liberalization reforms and stabilization policies: the Chilean case, 1974-1982

Includes bibliography

Equilibrium real exchange rates, misalignment and competitiveness in the Southern Cone

Includes bibliography

Stabilization and adjustment policies in the Southern Cone, 1974-1983

Includes bibliography

The potential for more trade by rail between Brazil and its neighbours in the Southern Cone

This edition of the FAL bulletin contains the summary of a review carried out by ECLAC concerning the potential for a higher level of trade via rail between Brazil and other countries of the expanded Mercosur, and through those countries with Asia.At present, such trade occurs at very low levels, except in the case of trade with Bolivia. Some projects are planned, however, that would improve integration of the railway network in the Southern Cone, without requiring very significant levels of investment. If those projects are executed, the prospects would be good in the medium and long term for substantially increasing trade by rail in the region.

The fifth freedom and the Southern Cone: a new perspective

An ECLAC document to be published in the near future examines a subject that has become a frequent topic of discussion in recent years, particularly in the Southern Cone of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay), where the greatest volume of land transport in South America is concentrated. Against a background of economic liberalization and integration in the region, and at a time when the development of regional transport infrastructures is growing in importance, the ECLAC Transport Unit analyses the Southern Cone Agreement on International Land Transport (Valparaíso, 1989) in an effort to give it fresh relevance and to determine whether its provisions can cope with the new challenges thrown up by more open international transport markets and management.

Create, Establish, Maintain: Comparing Zones of Peace in the Nordic Area and the Southern Cone

In the wake of the Cold War, regional organizations have proliferated and are now a dominant theme in global politics. This study tests whether explanations for the Nordic peace can help to understand or construct other zones of peace in these increasingly important regional settings. With that in mind, this study compares the Nordic area of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden with the Southern Cone region–here defined as Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay–and both are treated as regional, subsystemic zones of peace. Its significance lies in analysis of two developmentally disparate regions not yet compared in zones of peace literature. Using structured, focused comparison, this study is guided by fundamental questions about each region that assess the relationship between explanations for regional peace and their respective historical records. Understanding the conditions that permit the endurance of peace in today’s global context has far-reaching empirical and theoretical implications.

Análise comparativa dos instrumentos de gestão em Unidades de Conservação visando a gestão participativa no Cone Sul

A influência humana sobre as unidades de conservação (UCs) deve ser considerada a partir de modelos mais amplos, entendendo que há influência dos processos sociais nas mesmas e que essa é uma dimensão a ser discutida no âmbito das práticas de proteção da natureza. É importante que seja levado em consideração na criação, na ampliação e na gestão de uma UC a participação dos atores envolvidos direta e indiretamente, já que o quadro mundial indica ser uma tendência a criação de novas áreas e o envolvimento da sociedade neste processo. Ante esta realidade objetivou-se, nesta tese, contribuir para o fortalecimento da gestão participativa em UCs no Cone Sul, aqui definido como o conjunto de quatro países: Brasil, Argentina, Uruguai e Chile e tendo como estudo de caso quatro áreas protegidas: Parque Nacional do Itatiaia - Brasil, Parque Nacional Lago Puelo - Argentina, Santuário da Natureza Parque Pumalín - Chile e Paisagem Protegida Lagoa de Rocha Uruguai. Tendo por base os instrumentos de gestão em unidades de conservação no Brasil: plano de manejo, zona de amortecimento, educação ambiental e conselho gestor e sendo os mesmos determinados por normas legais (Leis, Decretos, Resoluções, Instruções Normativas) tais normas foram analisadas e comparadas com a finalidade de averiguar se nos países estudados estes instrumentos eram determinados legalmente, da mesma forma como são no Brasil, bem como se a vertente participativa estava presente nesta determinação. Após verificou-se se na Argentina, no Uruguai e no Chile havia a aplicação dos mesmos instrumentos de gestão em áreas protegidas que no Brasil; bem como foi averiguada a situação dos mesmos nos estudos de caso tendo por base a vertente participativa. Depois houve a contextualização e apresentação das dificuldades na gestão e das pressões sofridas pelas áreas protegidas buscando trazer à tona a realidade em que estão inseridas e das quais compartilham. Para tanto se utilizou de levantamentos bibliográficos, documentais, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pessoas que tiveram experiências práticas com o problema pesquisado e os estudos de caso. Constatou-se que a determinação legal de instrumentos que propiciem a participação não é, via de regra, essencial para efetivar a gestão participativa da UC, mas a existência dos mesmos sim. Verificou-se que um bom resultado está atrelado às qualidades técnicas e subjetivas da gestão e também dos gestores, que podem ajudar e muito na gestão participativa, juntamente com uma parceria bem fortalecida.

Segurança e defesa no Cone Sul: Transições com transformações?

The new conditions of international security don't only attach importance to sovereignty and interstate relations. This new framework has led to changes in the scope and requirements for Politics of Defense. Countries of the Southern Cone seek to establish new parameters in the definition of their policies, but need to define between dissuasive policies, as in the past, or establish mechanisms for cooperation with their neighbors. Furthermore, these policies, by their nature and size, are not exclusively militaries. The purpose of this article is to examine the definitions constraints on strategic deterrence and cooperation in international security, and identify the degree of autonomy and the nature of the concepts derived from the armed forces in shaping Politics of Defense. Finally, we try to check the level of civil policy direction in defining those policies.

Relações militares no Cone Sul: da rivalidade à cooperação na área de segurança (1964-2007)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS