A methodological framework for modeling pavement maintenance costs for projects with performance-based contracts

Performance-based maintenance contracts differ significantly from material and method-based contracts that have been traditionally used to maintain roads. Road agencies around the world have moved towards a performance-based contract approach because it offers several advantages like cost saving, better budgeting certainty, better customer satisfaction with better road services and conditions. Payments for the maintenance of road are explicitly linked to the contractor successfully meeting certain clearly defined minimum performance indicators in these contracts. Quantitative evaluation of the cost of performance-based contracts has several difficulties due to the complexity of the pavement deterioration process. Based on a probabilistic analysis of failures of achieving multiple performance criteria over the length of the contract period, an effort has been made to develop a model that is capable of estimating the cost of these performance-based contracts. One of the essential functions of such model is to predict performance of the pavement as accurately as possible. Prediction of future degradation of pavement is done using Markov Chain Process, which requires estimating transition probabilities from previous deterioration rate for similar pavements. Transition probabilities were derived using historical pavement condition rating data, both for predicting pavement deterioration when there is no maintenance, and for predicting pavement improvement when maintenance activities are performed. A methodological framework has been developed to estimate the cost of maintaining road based on multiple performance criteria such as crack, rut and, roughness. The application of the developed model has been demonstrated via a real case study of Miami Dade Expressways (MDX) using pavement condition rating data from Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for a typical performance-based asphalt pavement maintenance contract. Results indicated that the pavement performance model developed could predict the pavement deterioration quite accurately. Sensitivity analysis performed shows that the model is very responsive to even slight changes in pavement deterioration rate and performance constraints. It is expected that the use of this model will assist the highway agencies and contractors in arriving at a fair contract value for executing long term performance-based pavement maintenance works.

A Methodological Framework for Modeling Pavement Maintenance Costs for Projects with Performance-based Contracts

Performance-based maintenance contracts differ significantly from material and method-based contracts that have been traditionally used to maintain roads. Road agencies around the world have moved towards a performance-based contract approach because it offers several advantages like cost saving, better budgeting certainty, better customer satisfaction with better road services and conditions. Payments for the maintenance of road are explicitly linked to the contractor successfully meeting certain clearly defined minimum performance indicators in these contracts. Quantitative evaluation of the cost of performance-based contracts has several difficulties due to the complexity of the pavement deterioration process. Based on a probabilistic analysis of failures of achieving multiple performance criteria over the length of the contract period, an effort has been made to develop a model that is capable of estimating the cost of these performance-based contracts. One of the essential functions of such model is to predict performance of the pavement as accurately as possible. Prediction of future degradation of pavement is done using Markov Chain Process, which requires estimating transition probabilities from previous deterioration rate for similar pavements. Transition probabilities were derived using historical pavement condition rating data, both for predicting pavement deterioration when there is no maintenance, and for predicting pavement improvement when maintenance activities are performed. A methodological framework has been developed to estimate the cost of maintaining road based on multiple performance criteria such as crack, rut and, roughness. The application of the developed model has been demonstrated via a real case study of Miami Dade Expressways (MDX) using pavement condition rating data from Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for a typical performance-based asphalt pavement maintenance contract. Results indicated that the pavement performance model developed could predict the pavement deterioration quite accurately. Sensitivity analysis performed shows that the model is very responsive to even slight changes in pavement deterioration rate and performance constraints. It is expected that the use of this model will assist the highway agencies and contractors in arriving at a fair contract value for executing long term performance-based pavement maintenance works.

Contratos de terceirização de manutenção industrial na modalidade risco: análise comparativa das avaliações e expectativas entre o setor industrial e as empresas fornecedoras de serviços

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar as formas de contratação de manutenção industrial praticadas nos últimos anos e identificar os elementos que devem ser considerados na elaboração de um contrato baseado em performance, com remuneração variável e cláusulas de risco, sob a óptica de quem contrata (indústrias) e de quem fornece (empresas especializadas) esse tipo de serviço. Para se chegar ao modelo sugerido, o estudo utiliza uma analogia com o "jogo da forca" (jogo infantil de salão que baseia-se no processo de tentativa e erro) para desenvolver um processo de desconstrução dos modelos atuais de contratação de manutenção, identificando os fatores determinantes (para cada forma de contrato mais utilizada) para o insucesso financeiro e operacional atualmente percebido. Após a tentativa de ordenação das causas dos problemas correntes, o trabalho passa para o objetivo principal, que é o de listar os fatores críticos de sucesso para um contrato de manutenção por performance e, finalmente, sugerir um modelo básico de atuação para que os resultados almejados sejam obtidos. Com a identificação e implementação desses elementos num novo modelo de contrato de risco de manutenção, acredita-se ser possível minimizar os problemas comerciais e operacionais que atualmente representam obstáculos ao sucesso da terceirização da manutenção em plantas industriais, particularmente no Brasil . A metodologia se baseia em análise dos resultados de pesquisa de campo através de questionário realizado junto aos principais gestores de grandes grupos industriais e com os executivos das empresas prestadoras de serviço de manutenção industrial.

El contrato de alimentos a favor de tercero: particularidades de su configuración a la luz del Derecho Europeo de Contratos

La sociedad actual se enfrenta con problemas hasta ahora desconocidos que necesitan una rápida y efectiva solución. El progresivo aumento de la esperanza de vida ha dado lugar a que hoy en día nos encontremos con sociedades envejecidas y necesitadas de protección. Se habla incluso de la «cuarta edad» y de la aparición de un nuevo fenómeno demográfico denominado «envejecimiento del envejecimiento», esto es, el aumento de la población con edad superior a ochenta años. A demás, aunque la vejez no implica necesariamente enfermedad, la tasa de discapacidad crece con la edad. A lo que se debe añadir que muchas de estas personas tienen hijos discapacitados que, con toda probabilidad y debido a los avances médicos, sobrevivirán a sus ancianos padres y necesitarán medios materiales y/o personales para continuar con sus vidas. Para paliar estos problemas existe, entre otras medidas, el denominado contrato de alimentos; y especialmente útil para alcanzar este cometido resulta su configuración a favor de terceras personas. Pero su régimen jurídico cuando se celebra para beneficiar a una persona que no es parte contractual presenta importantes peculiaridades derivadas de la especial relación generada entre alimentista y alimentante. Estas particularidades serán objeto de análisis en este trabajo.

Manual for the construction and maintenance of skid surfaces corresponding to those prepared by Texas Transportation Institute under National Bureau of Standards contract CST-451. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Trouble shooting electronic equipment; an empirical approach to the identification of certain requirements of a maintenance occupation. A report of an aspect of a research project under Air Force Contract no.33 (038)-13236, Project no. 507-007-0001,

Bibliography: p. 100-102.

Organizational, direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : tamper, backfill, gasoline engine driven, hand-operated ram type (commercial construction equipment) model VR 11C, NSN 3895-01-151-2749 ; Stone Construction Equipment, Inc., contract number: DAA E07-82-C-6732.

Includes index.

Operator's, organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance manual : test set, indicator-generator, tachometer TTU-27/E, contract number F41608-67-C-7762 (NSN 6625-00-621-2427).

Shipping list no.: 90-772-P.

Monitoring and Explanation of Contract Execution: A Case Study in the Aerospace Domain

In the domain of aerospace aftermarkets, which often has long supply chains that feed into the maintenance of aircraft, contracts are used to establish agreements between aircraft operators and maintenance suppliers. However, violations at the bottom of the supply chain (part suppliers) can easily cascade to the top (aircraft operators), making it difficult to determine the source of the violation, and seek to address it. In this context, we have developed a global monitoring architecture that ensures the detection of norm violations and generates explanations for the origin of violations. In this paper, we describe the implementation and deployment of a global monitor in the aerospace domain of [8] and show how it generates explanations for violations within the maintenance supply chain. We show how these explanations can be used not only to detect violations at runtime, but also to uncover potential problems in contracts before their deployment, thus improving them.

Evaluation of fleet maintenance data as a data source for repairability ratings. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Characteristics of vehicle repair and maintenance problems for current vehicle-in-use. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Maintenance of CRASH2 program. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

LTPP pavement maintenance materials : SHRP joint reseal experiment, final report /

"September 1999."

Maintenance comparison on FMVSS no. 121 configured vehicles versus non 121 configured vehicles. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.