The Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (CEQ-MSM): A measure of substance-related beliefs

Objective Substance-related expectancies are associated with substance use and post-substance use thoughts, feelings and behaviours. The expectancies held by specific cultural or sub-cultural groups have rarely been investigated. This research maps expectancies specific to gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and their relationship with substance patterns and behaviours following use, including sexual practices (e.g., unprotected anal intercourse). This study describes the development of a measure of such beliefs for cannabis, the Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (CEQ-MSM). Method Items selected through a focus group and interviews were piloted on 180 self-identified gay or other MSM via an online questionnaire. Results Factor analysis revealed six distinct substance reinforcement domains (“Enhanced sexual experience”, “Sexual negotiation”, “Cognitive impairment”, “Social and emotional facilitation”, “Enhanced sexual desire”, and “Sexual inhibition”). The scale was associated with consumption patterns of cannabis, and in a crucial test of discriminant validity not with the consumption of alcohol or stimulants. Conclusions The CEQ-MSM represents a reliable and valid measure of outcome expectancies, related to cannabis among MSM. Future applications of the CEQ-MSM in health promotion, clinical settings and research may contribute to reducing harm associated with substance use among MSM, including HIV transmission.

The Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (DEQ-MSM): A measure of substance-related beliefs

Introduction and Aims. Alcohol expectancies are associated with drinking behaviour and post-drinking use thoughts, feelings and behaviours. The expectancies held by specific cultural or sub-cultural groups have rarely been investigated. This research maps expectancies specific to gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and their relationship with substance use. This study describes the specific development of a measure of such beliefs for alcohol, the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (DEQ-MSM). Design and Methods. Items selected through a focus group and interviews were piloted on 220 self-identified gay or other MSM via an online questionnaire. Results. Factor analysis revealed three distinct substance reinforcement domains ('Cognitive impairment', 'Sexual activity' and 'Social and emotional facilitation'). These factors were associated with consumption patterns of alcohol, and in a crucial test of discriminant validity were not associated with the consumption of cannabis or stimulants. Similarities and differences with existing measures will also be discussed. Discussion and Conclusions. The DEQ-MSM represents a reliable and valid measure of outcome expectancies, related to alcohol use among MSM, and represents an important advance as no known existing alcohol expectancy measure, to date, has been developed and/or normed for use among this group. Future applications of the DEQ-MSM in health promotion, clinical settings and research may contribute to reducing harm associated with alcohol use among MSM, including the development of alcohol use among young gay men.

Si(111)上GaN的NH3-MBE生长及MSM 紫外探测器研究

Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

高Al组分AlxGa1-xN材料生长及MSM型阳盲紫外探测器的研究

Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

减小表面态影响的氮化镓基MSM结构紫外探测器

Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-06-04T08:36:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dspace.cfg: 33388 bytes, checksum: ac9630d3fdb36a155287a049e8b34eb7 (MD5)

Fabrication and characterization of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet photodetectors on undoped GaN/sapphire grown by MBE

Interdigital metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet photoconductive detectors have been fabricated on undoped GaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), Response dependence on wavelength, applied current, excitation powers and chopper frequency has been extensively investigated. It is shown that the photodetector's spectral response remained nearly constant for wavelengths above the band gap and dropped sharply by almost three orders of magnitude for wavelengths longer than the band gap. It increases linearly with the applied constant current, but very nonlinearly with illuminating power. The photodetectors showed high photoconductor gains resulting from trapping of minority carriers (holes) at acceptor impurities or defects. The results demonstrated the high quality of the GaN crystal used to fabricate these devices. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

U型凹槽电极硅MSM结构光电探测器的研制

为了提高硅MSM结构光电探测器的光电响应度,制备了U型凹槽电极结构的探测器。5 V偏压下,对650 nm波长入射光的绝对光电响应度测试表明,凹槽电极结构的探测器最大光电响应度值为0.486 A/W,比同样尺寸的平版结构光电探测器提高了约6倍。文中也对比了具有抗反射膜和不具有抗反射膜的器件相对响应光谱的差别,并且比较分析了叉指间隙分别为5μm和10μm器件光电响应的不同。

GaN基MSM结构紫外光探测器

在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上采用低压金属有机物公学气相沉积(MOCVD)方法生长GaN外延层，以此为材料，制作了暗电流很小的金属半导体金属（MSM）结紫外光探测器，测量了该紫外光探测器的暗电流和360nm波长光照下的光电流曲线，光响应曲线和响应度随偏压变化的曲线，该紫外光线探测器在5V偏压时暗电流为1.03nA,在10V 偏压时暗电流为15.3nA，在15V偏压下该紫外光探测器在366nm 波长处的响应度达到0.166A/W,在365nm波长左右有陡峭的截止边.从0-15V,该紫外光探测器在360nm波长处的响应度随着偏压的增加而增大.详细地分析了该紫外光探测器的暗电流,光电流,响应度随偏压变化的关系.

MSM光探测器的等效电路模型

国家自然科学基金

MSM光探测器的直流特性

在稳态条件下金属-半导体-金属(MSM)光探测器的光电流一维模型可以通过求解电流连续方程和传输方程来建立并求解。在这种条件下，器件内部的载流子分布情况和总体光电流可以得到解析解而不用数值方法求解。该文从电流连续方程和传输方程出发详细推导了这一过程，并将这一结果应用于具体的InGaAs MSM光探测器的直流等效电路模型上，取得了很好的效果。

Effects of treatment, awareness and condom use in a coinfection model for HIV and HCV in MSM

We develop a new a coinfection model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We consider treatment for both diseases, screening, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, and the use of condoms. We study the local stability of the disease-free equilibria for the full model and for the two submodels (HCV only and HIV only submodels). We sketch bifurcation diagrams for different parameters, such as the probabilities that a contact will result in a HIV or an HCV infection. We present numerical simulations of the full model where the HIV, HCV and double endemic equilibria can be observed. We also show numerically the qualitative changes of the dynamical behavior of the full model for variation of relevant parameters. We extrapolate the results from the model for actual measures that could be implemented in order to reduce the number of infected individuals.

Producing animations to educate MSM and MSW to fashion safe sex practices and address low perceptions of personal risk

This project will produce animations in order to increase understandings of safe sex practices and address low perceptions of personal risk among two of the most vulnerable groups to HIV infection in Thailand. The animations will be incorporated into a prevention outreach program via Ipods, mobile phones and mobile-based portable devices to men who have sex with men (MSM) in their 'hide-outs', that is, parks, clubs and public toilets and male sex workers (MSW) in sex venues such as brothels, go-go bars and beats. To produce these animations, the project is first researching the sexual practices of MSM and MSW because of the lack of any substantive investigation of their social and sexual networks. This use of technology, informed by social research rather than behavioral studies, offers new possibilities to stem rapidly rising infection rates because it takes into account the diverse MSM and MSW identities. Overall, an estimated one- fifth (21%) of new HIV infections in Thailand occur in men who have unsafe sex with men. This disquieting increase highlights the fact that MSM are not adequately reached through HIV prevention programmes, most likely because little is known about their particular situations, contexts and practices.