Gestão LEAN aplicada ao terceiro setor

A conjuntura atual económica, financeira e social tem pressionado o uso racional dos recursos existentes, seja pelo setor privado ou pelo setor público. Contudo, nem sempre as empresas e organizações conseguem fazê-lo da melhor forma possível, seja por falta de experiência, por falta de conhecimento ou simplesmente pela aversão à mudança. É no contexto de redução de custos/ gastos que a gestão Lean tem vindo a afirmar-se como um método/filosofia eficaz e o suficientemente flexível e robusta para se adaptar a diferentes realidades organizacionais. Nesse seguimento, este relatório testemunha a introdução da gestão Lean numa organização do Terceiro Setor – Centro Social e Paroquial da Vera Cruz, e questiona o seu valor acrescentado mesmo se implementada numa lógica parcelar e numa organização ainda globalmente longe de estar organizada segundo uma lógica Lean. Os resultados obtidos no âmbito do projeto em questão parecem apontar para uma operação bem sucedida e com boas perspetivas futuras, caso a referida organização dê continuidade à sua implementação.

Materials and concepts for CO2 lean ironmaking by pyroelectrolysis

The main purpose of this PhD thesis was to provide convincing demonstration for a breakthrough concept of pyroelectrolysis at laboratory scale. One attempted to identify fundamental objections and/or the most critical constraints, to propose workable concepts for the overall process and for feasible electrodes, and to establish the main requirements on a clearer basis. The main effort was dedicated to studying suitable anode materials to be developed for large scale industrial units with molten silicate electrolyte. This concept relies on consumable anodes based on iron oxides, and a liquid Fe cathode, separated from the refractory materials by a freeze lining (solid) layer. In addition, one assessed an alternative concept of pyroelectrolysis with electron blocking membranes, and developed a prototype at small laboratory scale. The main composition of the molten electrolyte was based on a magnesium aluminosilicate composition, with minimum liquidus temperature, and with different additions of iron oxide. One studied the dynamics of devitrification of these melts, crystallization of iron oxides or other phases, and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox changes under laser zone melting, at different pulling rates. These studies were intended to provide guidelines for dissolution of raw materials (iron oxides) in the molten electrolyte, to assess compatibility with magnetite based consumable anodes, and to account for thermal gradients or insufficient thermal management in large scale cells. Several laboratory scale prototype cells were used to demonstrate the concept of pyroelectrolysis with electron blocking, and to identify the most critical issues and challenges. Operation with and without electron blocking provided useful information on transport properties of the molten electrolyte (i.e., ionic and electronic conductivities), their expected dependence on anodic and cathodic overpotentials, limitations in faradaic efficiency, and onset of side electrochemical reactions. The concept of consumable anodes was based on magnetite and derived spinel compositions, for their expected redox stability at high temperatures, even under oxidising conditions. Spinel compositions were designed for prospective gains in refractoriness and redox stability in wider ranges of conditions (T, pO2 and anodic overpotentials), without excessive penalty for electrical conductivity, thermomechanical stability or other requirements. Composition changes were also mainly based on components of the molten aluminosilicate melt, to avoid undue contamination and to minimize the dissolution rate of consumable anodes. Additional changes in composition were intended for prospective pyroelectrolysis of Fe alloys, with additions of different elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Ti).

Lean Production : Werkzeuge zur Realisierung

INHALT: l. Einleitung und Standortbestimmung 2. Japanische Wertvorstellungen 3. Inhalte der Lean Production 4. Fertigungssegmentierung 5. Informationsmanagement mit CIM- und Logistik-Komponenten 6. Logistikgerechte Strukturen der Lean Production 7. Realisierung der Lean Production 8. Zusammenfassung

Auswirkungen der Lean Production auf bestehende Logistik-Strukturen : Was die deutsche Wirtschaft von der neuen Philosophie lernen kann

Obwohl durchgängige CIM- und Logistik-Konzepte zur Erfüllung der permanent steigenden Kundenforderungen hinsichtlich spezifischer Produktausführungen bei qualitätsgerechter und termintreuer Auslieferung in den meisten Unternehmen noch nicht realisiert sind, beginnt bereits die Diskussion um eine neue Unternehmensstrategie: die "Lean Production". Das Ziel heißt diesmal, in allen Bereichen Ressourcen zu minimieren, um mit Hilfe einer schlanken Fertigung bei den Kosten Weltstandard zu erreichen.

Lean Production - zurück zur Meisterfertigung?

Kleine Losgrößen, bedingt durch immer neue Kundenanforderungen nach speziellen Produktausführungen, lassen aus Wettbewerbsgründen eine konventionelle Massenproduktion mit unfelxiblen Produktionsabläufen nicht mehr zu. Neue Wege sind nötig, um gegenüber der Konkurrenz - besonders aus Fernost - auch in Zukunft wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Dabei hat gerade diese Konkurrenz mnachen Anstoss zur Veränderung durch für uns ungewohnte Wettbewerbsstrategien gegeben. Auch wenn viele der Grundlagen und Methoden dieser Strategien aus Europa stammen, wurden sie sehr geschickt und innovativ den dortigen gesellschaftlichen und technologischen Randbedingungen angepasst. Nun sind sie in anderer Form bei uns wieder ins Bewusstsein zurückgekehrt. Dies gilt insbesondere für Lean Production, die "schlanke" Produktion. Hier können die Fachleute bei uns lernen, wie sich durch Mitarbeitermotivierung, Vereinfachung und Dezentralisierung der Abläufe der Weltkostenstand wieder erreichen lässt.

O pensamento Lean Management aplicado ao Sistema de Formação Profissional da Marinha (SFPM)

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Formação de Adultos), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2011

The trade specialization of SANE: evidence from manufacturing industries

This paper studies the evolution of the foreign trade specialization in manufacturing sectors of South Africa, Algeria, Nigeria and Egypt. These four countries, the so-called SANE, have recently been viewed as Africa’s best chance of producing an economic bloc whose role for Africa might be comparable to that of the BRIC economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China for the world economy. Using data on trade flows since mid-1970s, the results show that the SANE group has experienced few changes in its trade structure, which is still based on low-technology and slow-growth world demand sectors. The degree of persistence in the specialization model is higher in the case of Algeria and Nigeria, where the dependence on products based on natural resources is stronger.

Intelligent Bio-Inspired system for manufacturing scheduling under uncertainties

A novel approach to scheduling resolution by combining Autonomic Computing (AC), Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), Case-based Reasoning (CBR), and Bio-Inspired Optimization Techniques (BIT) will be described. AC has emerged as a paradigm aiming at incorporating applications with a management structure similar to the central nervous system. The main intentions are to improve resource utilization and service quality. In this paper we envisage the use of MAS paradigm for supporting dynamic and distributed scheduling in Manufacturing Systems with AC properties, in order to reduce the complexity of managing manufacturing systems and human interference. The proposed CBR based Intelligent Scheduling System was evaluated under different dynamic manufacturing scenarios.

Self-organization for scheduling in agile manufacturing

Agility refers to the manufacturing system ability to rapidly adapt to market and environmental changes in efficient and cost-effective ways. This paper addresses the development of self-organization methods to enhance the operations of a scheduling system, by integrating scheduling system, configuration and optimization into a single autonomic process requiring minimal manual intervention to increase productivity and effectiveness while minimizing complexity for users. We intend to conceptualize real manufacturing systems as interacting autonomous entities in order to build future Decision Support Systems (DSS) for Scheduling in agile manufacturing environments.

Collective intelligence on dynamic manufacturing scheduling optimization

Swarm Intelligence (SI) is a growing research field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). SI is the general term for several computational techniques which use ideas and get inspiration from the social behaviours of insects and of other animals. This paper presents hybridization and combination of different AI approaches, like Bio-Inspired Techniques (BIT), Multi-Agent systems (MAS) and Machine Learning Techniques (ML T). The resulting system is applied to the problem of jobs scheduling to machines on dynamic manufacturing environments.

Self-managing agents for dynamic scheduling in manufacturing

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a Multi-Agent Autonomic and Bio-Inspired based framework with selfmanaging capabilities to solve complex scheduling problems using cooperative negotiation. Scheduling resolution requires the intervention of highly skilled human problem-solvers. This is a very hard and challenging domain because current systems are becoming more and more complex, distributed, interconnected and subject to rapidly changing. A natural Autonomic Computing (AC) evolution in relation to Current Computing is to provide systems with Self-Managing ability with a minimum human interference.

Aplicação dos princípios da manutenção Lean na indústria farmacêutica

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Real time manufacturing systems simulator

A área da simulação computacional teve um rápido crescimento desde o seu apareciment, sendo actualmente uma das ciências de gestão e de investigação operacional mais utilizadas. O seu princípio baseia-se na replicação da operação de processos ou sistemas ao longo de períodos de tempo, tornando-se assim uma metodologia indispensável para a resolução de variados problemas do mundo real, independentemente da sua complexidade. Das inúmeras áreas de aplicação, nos mais diversos campos, a que mais se destaca é a utilização em sistemas de produção, onde o leque de aplicações disponível é muito vasto. A sua aplicação tem vindo a ser utilizada para solucionar problemas em sistemas de produção, uma vez que permite às empresas ajustar e planear de uma maneira rápida, eficaz e ponderada as suas operações e os seus sistemas, permitindo assim uma rápida adaptação das mesmas às constantes mudanças das necessidades da economia global. As aplicações e packages de simulação têm seguindo as tendências tecnológicas pelo que é notório o recurso a tecnologias orientadas a objectos para o desenvolvimento das mesmas. Este estudo baseou-se, numa primeira fase, na recolha de informação de suporte aos conceitos de modelação e simulação, bem como a respectiva aplicação a sistemas de produção em tempo real. Posteriormente centralizou-se no desenvolvimento de um protótipo de uma aplicação de simulação de ambientes de fabrico em tempo real. O desenvolvimento desta ferramenta teve em vista eventuais fins pedagógicos e uma utilização a nível académico, sendo esta capaz de simular um modelo de um sistema de produção, estando também dotada de animação. Sem deixar de parte a possibilidade de integração de outros módulos ou, até mesmo, em outras plataformas, houve ainda a preocupação acrescida de que a sua implementação recorresse a metodologias de desenvolvimento orientadas a objectos.