Proceedings of the Conference for Good City Government and the annual meeting of the National Municipal League

4th Conference wrongly called "third."

Proceedings of the conference for good city government and the annual meeting of the national municipal league

Mode of access: Internet.

Grandes túneis urbanos: uma proposta de gestão ambiental.

Este estudo objetiva a sistematização do conhecimento, através de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, de forma a conformar uma proposta inicial de protocolo de gestão ocupacional e ambiental em grandes túneis urbanos em âmbito nacional. Há na presente pesquisa uma atenção particular aos túneis urbanos dedicados ao tráfego de veículos automotores, devido às suas características físico-espaciais que os tornam especialmente perigosos e tóxicos aos seus usuários e aos funcionários envolvidos. A relativa carência de material bibliográfico de caráter sistêmico e específico no Brasil enseja à busca por referências em documentos desenvolvidos em outros países. Ainda que em nível preliminar, a compilação crítica de dados, normas e referências pesquisadas, à luz do contexto e dos instrumentos normativos brasileiros referentes ao tema, traduz-se no aspecto original desta proposta dissertativa, a ser possivelmente utilizada como ponto de partida para estudos mais extensos. São abordadas as seguintes disciplinas relativas ao objeto de pesquisa: a) Características físico-espaciais; b) Formas de uso; c) Sistema de ventilação e exaustão; d) Sistema de iluminação; e) Sistema de segurança contra sinistros e incêndio; f) Sistema de fiscalização e orientação de tráfego, comunicação e sinalização; g) Sistema de drenagem; h) Sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. O túnel Rebouças (1962-1965) e o túnel Engenheiro Raymundo de Paula Soares (Linha Amarela) (1997), distanciados por mais de três décadas, foram escolhidos como estudos de caso, não tão somente devido aos seus portes, fluxos intensos de veículos etc., mas também devido aos contextos das evoluções normativas em que se inserem.

Contributions of knowledge-based foundations of universities in knowledge city formation : a Malaysian case study

Purpose – In the 21st Century, as knowledge, technology and education are widely accepted to play key roles in the local economic development, the importance of making space and place for knowledge production is, therefore, on the rise resulting many city administrations and urban policy-makers worldwide restructuring their cities to become highly competitive and creative. Consequently, this has led to a new type of city form, knowledge city, and a new approach in their development, knowledge-based urban development. In this context, knowledge-based foundations of universities are regarded as one of the key elements for knowledge-based urban development and knowledge city formation due to their ability to provide a strong platform for knowledge generation, marketing and transfer. This paper aims to investigate the role and importance of universities and their knowledge-based foundations in the context of developing countries, particularly in Malaysia, in building prosperous knowledge cities of the era of the knowledge economy. Design/Methodology/Approach – The main methodological techniques employed in this research includes: a thorough review of the literature on the role of universities in spatial and socio-economic development of cities; a best practice analysis and policy review of urban and regional development policies targeting to use of university clusters in leveraging knowledge-based development, and; a case study in Malaysia with a review of various policy documents and strategic plans of the local universities and local and state authorities, interviews with key actors, and a trend analysis of local socio-economic and spatial changes. Originality/Value – This paper reports the findings of a pioneering research on examining the role and impact of universities and their knowledge-based foundations, in the context of Malaysia, in building knowledge cities of the era of the knowledge economy. By undertaking a case study investigation in Bandar Seri Iskandar, which is a newly emerging Malaysian knowledge city, located in Perak, Malaysia, the paper sheds light on an important issue of the 21st Century of how universities contribute to the knowledge-based development of cities. Practical Implications – Universities with their rich knowledge-based foundations are increasingly being recognised as knowledge hubs, exercising a strong influence in the intellectual vitality of the city where they are embedded. This paper reveals that universities, in joint action with business and society at large, are necessary prerequisites for constructing and maintaining knowledge societies and, therefore, building prosperous knowledge cities. In light of the literature and case findings, the paper sheds light on the contribution of knowledge-based foundations of universities in knowledge city formation and provides generic recommendations for cities and regions seeking knowledge city transformation.

A justiça distributiva como critério fundamental nas políticas públicas: o caso dos jogos panamericanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

This dissertation is a project of evaluation of the proposals of the Panamerican Games of 2007, that they will be carried through in the city of Rio De Janeiro. Great events present the possibility of improvement of the urban space and economic development, amongst other chances seen by politics and urban planners well. For this work we search to argue the city as field of specific study, understanding it in the current world-wide scene of globalization and computerization, the relations politics, economic and social existing interns. We search in material literature to study and to evaluate what it would be a ¿good city¿ and studies that had understood the development of the urban space. We also look for to understand the city of Rio de Janeiro as a singular urban space, since the origin of the city as a urban space, passing for the proposals gifts of modification of the carioca space. We dedicate part of the work, inside of the chapter where we understand the city of Rio de Janeiro, the presentation of the project of the Panamerican of 2007, comparing it with great previous events. The vision of technique and politics during the interviews was essential for the best understanding of the proposals of the Games. Finally we evaluate the proposals of modification of the Pan2007 for the city of Rio de Janeiro with the methodology of Kevin Lynch to evaluate the good form of the city" in communion with the proposal of distributive justice of Rawls. The result of this evaluation was that the current proposals of modification of the city for the Pan2007 will be able to generate resulted not deliberate for a considerable parcel of the population and to modify the economic relations harmfully, social and politics inside of the territory of the city. For such we consider measured compensatory satisfactory that they can reach the objectives of an equal citizenship and an equitable equality of chances, starting for the offering of the social minimums of just form. "

Surimi based dried fish cake

Minced fish prepared from the fillets of the sciaenid fish (Lutjanus sp.) was washed with cold water (<10 °C) three times. The washed muscle was pressed through a piece of fine cloth to a moisture content around 80%. The pressed cake (Surimi) was ground with 2.5% sodium chloride and 3% tapioca starch. The mixed material was shaped in the form of a cake and left for one hour for the gel to set. The cakes were then steamed. The cooled cakes were cut into pieces of 1 cm length x 1 cm width x 0.5 cm thick. The pieces were either dried in an electrical oven at 50°C or dried in sun to a moisture content of 11-12%. Biochemical, bacteriological and organoleptic evaluation revealed that the cakes were in very good acceptable form for 8 months. The cakes could be rehydrated by soaking in water at ambient temperature for half an hour and boiling in water for 10 minutes.

Ice storage characteristics of cultured silver carp

Cultured silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix 800-1000 g) was stored in ice (fish to ice ratio 1:1) in a plywood box insulated with one inch thick expanded polystyrene and subjected to detailed examination of quality by chemical, microbiological and organoleptic evaluation at regular intervals to assess the storage life in good acceptable form. Alpha-amino nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and pH values showed no positive correlation as spoilage index. Total volatile base nitrogen was not high at the end of the storage period although the fish became unacceptable during the period. There was steep decrease in total bacterial count during initial stages of storage and then increased steadily on further storage. Organoleptic evaluation of raw and cooked meat revealed that fish was in good acceptable form up to 14 days in ice.

Development of intermediate moisture marinated fish product and its storage characteristics

An attempt was made to prepare an intermediate moisture (around 44% moisture) marinated (pH around 4) fish product. Fillets from Sciaenid fish (each fish weighing 70-80 gm) were dipped in a solution containing 7% acetic acid, 20% common salt and 1% propionic acid for 2 hours. After soaking, the soaked fillets were partially dried to about 44% moisture. Three effective hurdles like low pH (by using 7% acetic add and 1% propionic acid), low water activity (by using 20% salt and partially drying the fillets) and preservative (1% propionic add), were used to prepare a shelf-stable product at room temperature. The dried product was sprayed with 0.0 5% BHA in 50% alcohol and further dried for 10 minutes to remove added water and alcohol, thereby another hurdle (preservative) against fat oxidation. The product was packed in 300 gauge polythene bags and stored in transparent screw cap plastic jars. Fortnightly samples were drawn and subjected to biochemical, bacteriological and organoleptic evaluation to study its storage characteristics. The product was in good acceptable form up to 4 months at ambient temperature. The product needed one hour soaking in water with two changes of water in between to make it free from excess salt and acid smell.

Estado del arte sobre la producción institucional y de la teoría crítica en torno al derecho a la ciudad.

Puede entenderse la ciudad como una manifestación de las disputas surgidas desde el plano de lo social. En ese mismo sentido surge el concepto del derecho a la ciudad, entendido en términos generales como aquel que se tiene para decidir el tipo de urbe y su organización. Así, este derecho ha estado limitado a la construcción de espacios propicios para la acumulación de capital, para una élite minoritaria capaz de configurar la ciudad, generando un caos urbano que se evidencia en la segregación socio-espacial, abultando las arcas de los poderosos a la vez que se aíslan a las mayorías trabajadoras del ejercicio el derecho a cambiar y reinventar la ciudad para satisfacer sus necesidades y garantizar sus sueños.

The story of Temple Bar: creating Dublin's cultural quarter

The paper conceptualises and explores the links between cities, commerce, urbanism and cultural planning by drawing on Temple Bar in Dublin as an example of how, by linking these concepts to practice in real concrete situations urban life or urban culture can be created and/or revitalised. Temple Bar is Dublin's emerging cultural quarter, an experiment in urban revitalisation which is deliberately focused on culture and urbanism as ways of rediscovering the good city. It has attracted considerable interest from across Europe, and has secured EC funding to kick-start the process of renewal. The author was appointed by the Irish Government to prepare the area management and development strategy for Temple Bar in 1990. Wary of the dangers of property led regeneration, of the destructive impacts of sudden or cataclysmic change, the agencies in Temple Bar have deliberately adopted a strategic management approach to the area. This is referred to as 'urban stewardship', a process of looking after and respecting a place, and helping it to help itself. The paper explores whether there is a 'culture of cities' and whether it is possible to recreate an urban culture. Following Raymond Williams, an anthropological definition of culture is employed, "... a particular way of life, which expresses certain meaning and values not only in art and learning but also in institutional and ordinary behaviour". Rather than being simply an add-on to the serious concerns of economic development and the built environment, culture has both helped shape, and continues to develop in, the streets, spaces and buildings of the city.

Canberra's Afterlife. Highpressure Crystals and the Bush Capital Dream

Canberra, the ?Bush Capital? of Australia, was a project torn between ambition and avoidance. For fear of upsetting Sydney or Melbourne, its location avoided larger territorial aspirations but its crystalline winning scheme was bold, and contained the promise of enlightened irradiation. Postwar Canberra, like so many other cities at the time, let its future be designed by Cold-War traffic engineers, who confidently turned dream into sprawl and highways. Although Canberra s mix of ambition and banality, of symbolic desire and structural normalcy, may be precisely what a good city is all about, it probably contains these in defective proportions. What Canberra needs is just a little more of itself, in different amounts, to a higher pressure from the inside. We can easily imagine the multiplying of the original Griffin plan, adding the city onto itself, organizing the recent sprawl with new nodes and public transport with more urban streets between them. With this reclaimed space for higher density, Canberra can then grow from the inside instead of sprawling away, lowering its expenditure on transport and its carbon and sustainability footprint. The new nodes will be denser and allow for variety and change in its programmatic design. Minor but detailed changes in street and public space design will also allow for easier multi-species (people, animals?) access to urban and natural resources. Video brief of the project: http://vimeo.com/45799435

Transformaciones urbanas del siglo XVIII en el antiguo Reino de Chile

La tesis analiza la trayectoria de las ciudades chilenas tomando como referencias la extensión, vastedad, proporciones y diversidad del paisaje en una región remota, ubicada en el confín del continente, aislada por el desierto de Atacama y la cordillera de Los Andes y que comprendía algunos de los territorios más desconocidos del Nuevo Mundo. El contexto temporal es el siglo XVIII, el período más activo de la colonización, cuando las primeras fundaciones tenían niveles de desarrollo que se expresaban en rasgos particulares, se construyen numerosas ciudades y se perfilan los contrastes entre el modelo teórico de ciudad y las ciudades reales. OBJETIVOS Analizar la forma, funciones y significado de las ciudades como respuestas a la extensión, vastedad, proporciones y diversidad del paisaje. Explorar los avances en el conocimiento del territorio y las nuevas interpretaciones del paisaje como bases para definir las estrategias de colonización y nuevas fundaciones Estudiar las influencias específicas del entorno sobre las estructuras urbanas Estos objetivos buscan aportar al conocimiento de la urbanización colonial en Chile rescatando las características distintivas del proceso según los diferentes ámbitos territoriales. METODOLOGÍA Se seleccionaron 22 ciudades como ejemplos de las transformaciones urbanas en Chile, según los paisajes y contextos culturales. Las ciudades se observaron como partes de un sistema de colonización en un territorio extenso y como individualidades fundadas en sitios específicos, cuyas cualidades se expresan en el paisaje del entorno de cada núcleo urbano. CONCLUSIONES La tesis confirma que la colonización de Chile fue una empresa militar y de dominio espacial del territorio. Las ciudades sostenían la conquista y el arraigo mediante estructuras urbanas regulares porque, la cuadricula -además de facilitar el trazado y el repartimiento de los lotes era símbolo de estabilidad en una región hostil y sujeta a la acción inesperada y destructora de la naturaleza, una forma orientadora en la vastedad y una expresión de orden y medida que contrastaba con la diversidad y extensión del paisaje. A pesar de la primacía de la cuadrícula, las ciudades no eran simples imitaciones de anteriores fundaciones; con el avance colonizador se afirmaba el anclaje de cada ciudad al paisaje del sitio de fundación, se perfeccionaban la forma y funciones urbanas mediante la adaptación al entorno y se fortalecía el arraigo de los a los nuevos paisajes que se iban construyendo. Las transformaciones urbanas dependían de los desafíos territoriales, las expectativas de los gobernantes y capacidades técnicas. Los cambios principales se manifiestan en el siglo XVIII, cuando las distintas zonas de Chile se colonizaron con estrategias afines a sus características geográficas y culturales y a las diferencias entre valles mineros, valles agrícolas, el litoral y las islas. El análisis revela que el desarrollo urbano de las ciudades fue condicionado por el relieve, la relación con otros núcleos urbanos y caminos, los recursos del lugar, la integración con estructuras colonizadoras -hacienda, fuerte o misión- predominantes en cada territorio y las interpretaciones del paisaje que se proponían desde la filosofía y las ciencias ilustradas. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The thesis analyzes the trajectory of the Chilean cities taking as reference the extension, vastness, proportions and diversity of landscape in a remote region, located on the edge of the continent, isolated by the Atacama Desert and the Andes mountains and comprising some of the most unknown territories of the New World. The temporal context is the eighteenth century, the most active of colonization, when the first foundations had levels of development that were expressed in particular forms; in this period many cities are built and the contrasts between the theoretical model of the city and the royal cities are emerging . OBJECTIVES •Analyze the form, function and significance of cities as responses to the extension, vastness, proportions and diversity of landscape. •Explore the advances in knowledge of the territory and the new interpretations of the landscape as a basis for defining the strategies of colonization and new foundations •Examine specific environmental influences on urban structures These objectives seek to contribute to the knowledge of colonial urbanization in Chile rescuing the distinctive characteristics of the process according to the different territorial areas. METHODOLOGY 22 cities as examples of urban transformation in Chile were selected according as the landscapes and cultural contexts. The cities were seen as part of a settlement system in a large territory and as individuals elements based on specific sites, whose qualities are expressed in the landscape around of each urban center. CONCLUSIONS The thesis confirms that the colonization of Chile was a military and space control of the territory. The cities holding the conquest and establishment through regular urban structures because, besides grid to facilitate the tracing and the division of the urban space was a symbol of stability in a hostile region and subject to unexpected and destructive action of nature, a guiding how the vastness and an expression of order and as contrasted with the diversity and extent of the landscape. Despite the primacy of the grid, the cities were not mere imitations of earlier foundations; as colonization progresses, the landscape of the place stated in each city, form and urban functions are improved by adapting the environment and establishment the landscapes that were recently built. Urban transformations depend on the territorial challenges, expectations of governments and technical capabilities. The main changes are manifested in the eighteenth century, when different areas of Chile are colonized with strategies related to its geographical and cultural characteristics and differences between mining valleys, agricultural valleys, the coast and islands. The analysis reveals that the urban development of cities was conditioned by relief, relative to other urban centers and roads, resources, integration with other colonial structures –farmers, missions or forts- dominant in each territory and the interpretations of landscape that is proposed from philosophy and illustrated science.

National municipal review

Mode of access: Internet.

National civic review.

Mode of access: Internet.

Investigating viscous fluid flow in an internal mixer using computational fluid dynamics

This thesis presents an effective methodology for the generation of a simulation which can be used to increase the understanding of viscous fluid processing equipment and aid in their development, design and optimisation. The Hampden RAPRA Torque Rheometer internal batch twin rotor mixer has been simulated with a view to establishing model accuracies, limitations, practicalities and uses. As this research progressed, via the analyses several 'snap-shot' analysis of several rotor configurations using the commercial code Polyflow, it was evident that the model was of some worth and its predictions are in good agreement with the validation experiments, however, several major restrictions were identified. These included poor element form, high man-hour requirements for the construction of each geometry and the absence of the transient term in these models. All, or at least some, of these limitations apply to the numerous attempts to model internal mixes by other researchers and it was clear that there was no generally accepted methodology to provide a practical three-dimensional model which has been adequately validated. This research, unlike others, presents a full complex three-dimensional, transient, non-isothermal, generalised non-Newtonian simulation with wall slip which overcomes these limitations using unmatched ridding and sliding mesh technology adapted from CFX codes. This method yields good element form and, since only one geometry has to be constructed to represent the entire rotor cycle, is extremely beneficial for detailed flow field analysis when used in conjunction with user defined programmes and automatic geometry parameterisation (AGP), and improves accuracy for investigating equipment design and operation conditions. Model validation has been identified as an area which has been neglected by other researchers in this field, especially for time dependent geometries, and has been rigorously pursued in terms of qualitative and quantitative velocity vector analysis of the isothermal, full fill mixing of generalised non-Newtonian fluids, as well as torque comparison, with a relatively high degree of success. This indicates that CFD models of this type can be accurate and perhaps have not been validated to this extent previously because of the inherent difficulties arising from most real processes.