The structure of the copper(II) complex with 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid: The 1:1 complex 'adduct' salt trans-tetraaqua(2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoato)(4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid)copper(II) 2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoate

The unusual (1:1) complex ‘adduct’ salt of copper(II) with 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid (H2DCPA), having formula [Cu(H2O)4(C8H3Cl2O4) (C8H4Cl2O4)] . (C8H3Cl2O4) has been synthesized and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with Z = 4 in a cell with dimensions a = 20.1376(7), b =12.8408(4) c = 12.1910(4) Å, β = 105.509(4)o. The complex is based on discrete tetragonally distorted octahedral [CuO6] coordination centres with the four water ligands occupying the square planar sites [Cu-O, 1.962(4)-1.987(4) Å] and the monodentate carboxyl-O donors of two DCPA ligand species in the axial sites. The first of these bonds [Cu-O, 2.341(4) Å] is with an oxygen of a HDCPA monoanion, the second with an oxygen of a H2DCPA acid species [Cu-O, 2.418(4) Å]. The un-coordinated ‘adduct’ molecule is a HDCPA counter anion which is strongly hydrogen-bonded to the coordinated H2DCPA ligand [O… O, 2.503(6) Å] while a number of peripheral intra- and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions give a two-dimensional network structure.

Diffusion and single molecule dynamics on biomolecular interface binding energy landscape

We propose a new approach to study the diffusion dynamics on biomolecular interface binding energy landscape. The resulting mean first passage time (MFPT) has 'U'curve dependence on the temperature. It is shown that the large specificity ratio of gap to roughness of the underlying binding energy landscape not only guarantees the thermodynamic stability and the specificity [P.A. Rejto, G.M. Verkhivker, in: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93 (1996) 8945; C.J. Tsai, S. Kumar, B. Ma, R. Nussinov, Protein Sci. 8 (1999) 1181; G.A. Papoian, P.G. Wolynes, Biopolymers 68 (2003) 333; J. Wang, G.M. Verkhivker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 198101] but also the kinetic accessibility. The complex kinetics and the associated fluctuations reflecting the structures of the binding energy landscape emerge upon temperature changes. The theory suggests a way of connecting the models/simulations with single molecule experiments by analysing the kinetic trajectories.

Diseño del programa de estudios y módulo de lecturas

El Módulo de Lecturas que usted encuentra a continuación esta proyectado a sus necesidades, a los requerimientos académicos y las expectativas sociales de las que hablábamos. Más allá de lo instrumental que pueda ser, tiene una intención mayor

Ciclo de talleres de motivación a la lectura comprensiva para estudiantes de Sexto grado de la básica en el municipio de Pereira. (Instituto Hans Drews Arango)

aporte a la educación local para motivar la lectura en los jóvenes e inducir el crecimiento personal e intelectual en un ambiente diferente al dado por la pedagogía tradicional, atendiendo a los planteamientos de la nueva Ley General de Educación

Guía para el desarrollo de la competencia en lectura profunda : La lectura en el escenario textual universitario

Este texto pretende fomentar la lectura independiente y la autonomía lectora, con orientación hacia las herramientas, los instrumentos y las estrategias para la comprensión de los textos académicos propios de su disciplina. Un lector autónomo e independiente se forma en la medida en que se apropia de tales instrumentos, a partir de herramientas brindadas por el docente. En ese sentido, este libro invita al docente a tomar decisiones respecto a la secuencia de las estrategias sugeridas, así como a la elección de los textos para el desarrollo de la competencia propuesta. Por otro lado, le sugiere al estudiante desarrollar cada unidad y practicar los ejercicios propuestos en un contexto académico específico, con el fin de facilitar el empleo de las estrategias en su vida estudiantil.

Science skills : age 11-14.

Recurso fotocopiable diseñado para ayudar a los alumnos a desarrollar activamente su aprendizaje, y la comprensión de la naturaleza de los trabajos prácticos, trabajar con los compuestos y fórmulas, la creación de gráficos, mapas conceptuales, la lectura de información y la planificación, realización y presentación de informes. Todas las hojas de trabajo están disponibles en el CD en formato word.

Bottom-up growth of fully transparent contact layers of indium tin oxide nanowires for light-emitting devices

Thin layers of indium tin oxide are widely used as transparent coatings and electrodes in solar energy cells, flat-panel displays, antireflection coatings, radiation protection and lithium-ion battery materials, because they have the characteristics of low resistivity, strong absorption at ultraviolet wavelengths, high transmission in the visible, high reflectivity in the far-infrared and strong attenuation in the microwave region. However, there is often a trade-off between electrical conductivity and transparency at visible wavelengths for indium tin oxide and other transparent conducting oxides. Here, we report the growth of layers of indium tin oxide nanowires that show optimum electronic and photonic properties and demonstrate their use as fully transparent top contacts in the visible to near-infrared region for light-emitting devices.

长白山4种森林凋落物分解过程中养分动态变化

于2003年5月至2004年9月,在长白山自然保护区北坡垂直植被带的4种林分(阔叶红松林、红松云冷杉林、岳桦云冷杉林和岳桦林)内,利用凋落物原位减少法对凋落物分解过程中的养分动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:4种森林凋落物分解过程中C质量分数变化幅度不大,N和P质量分数都是先上升后下降;K质量分数呈逐渐降低的趋势;阔叶红松林、红松云冷杉林、岳桦云冷杉林和岳桦林凋落物的养分年释放总量依次为1380.80、1145.46、418.74和599.91kg.hm-2.a-1。

Radiowave propagation from a tissue-implanted source at 418 MHz and 916.5 MHz

Tissue-implanted ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio devices are being employed in both humans and animals for telemetry and telecommand applications, This paper describes the experimental measurement and electromagnetic modeling of propagation from 418-MHz and 916.5-MHz sources placed in the human vagina. Whole-body homogeneous and semi-segmented software models were constructed using data from the Visible Human Project. Bodyworn radiation efficiencies for a vaginally placed 418-MHz source were calculated using finite-difference time-domain and ranged between 1.6% and 3.4% (corresponding to net body losses of between 14.7 and 18.0 dB), Greater losses were encountered at 916.5 MHz, with efficiencies between 0.36% and 0.46% (net body loss ranging between 23.4 and 24.4 dB), Practical measurements were in good agreement with simulations, to within 2 dB at 418 MHz and 3 dB at 916.5 MHz. The degree of tissue-segmentation for whole-body models was found to have a minimal effect on calculated azimuthal radiation patterns and bodyworn radiation efficiency, provided the region surrounding the implanted source was sufficiently detailed.

RF performance of a 418-MHz radio telemeter packaged for human vaginal placement

The electrical and communication performance of a 0.8-mu W UHF temperature telemeter designed for human vaginal placement is discussed; a solenoidal loop antenna was used, occupying a volume of 0.1 cm(3). In situ, measured power absorption was between 19-25 dB, resulting in an effective operating range of 10 m. Capacitive loading lowered the antenna's resonant frequency by 1.4% and there was a significant polarization change in the radiated output.

Síntese e aplicação de sílica mesoporosa modificada com o ligante 4-amino-2-mercaptopirimidina na pré-concentração de Cd (II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) e Ni(II) em amostras de águas naturais

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC