Crise de mobilidade urbana no Brasil reforça demanda por alternativas de transporte

No dia mundial sem carro, pesquisador da FGV/DAPP Amaro Grassi, analisa o transporte público no país e as alternativas para mobilidade urbana no Brasil, no Jornal da Globo News, apresentado por Leilane Neubarth.

Caminhos que estruturam cidades: redes técnicas de transporte sobre trilhos e a conformação intra-urbana de Natal

The railroad, from 1870 and on, becomes an usual complaining in the press s and politician elite s speeches, especially because of Natal s geographic isolation. The implantation of two railroads in the capital territory Estrada de Ferro de Natal a Nova Cruz, afterwards part of Great Western Railway Company network, and Estrada de Ferro Central do Rio Grande do Norte had serious implications in the urban environment. While railroad s structures were already consolidated, other transportation mechanisms were being implanted in the first decades of the 20th century, such as trams lines, which, by the way, was a transport modal that also used rails as a dislocation meaning. Considering these questions, we may ask: how come railroads and tramways demands, roads and buildings had influenced the internal organization of Natal? We work with the general hypothesis that the influence of technical networks, composed by tramways and railroads, over Natal s urban space happened in a diversified way, sometimes consolidating social aspects in certain areas, sometimes improving the occupation of others. The impact over the city s territory also happens in a diversified way between the buildings/railroad s complexes and the pathways. The different scale of the train in comparison to the trams velocity, size, noise level, flow, among others is also a cause to the different consequences in urban environment. The main objective of this work is to understand the role of circulation technical networks in the construction process of urban space in Natal, as a way to contribute to the urban historiography about the subject. The time frame adopted, between 1881 and 1937, marks the time path of railroads and tramways in Rio Grande do Norte: 1881 is the year of railroad s first section inauguration from Natal to São José do Mipibu as well of the railroad complex in the Republic Square in Natal; the year of 1937 marks the beginning of tramways declination process in the city. At this time railroads and tramways had to face more intensively the competition of motor vehicles. The theory reference adopted is based on concepts and analysis of authors, such as Flávio Villaça and Roberto Lobato Corrêa references to the concepts of urban structure , localization and accessibility and Gabriel Dupuy to explain the concept of urban technical networks . These references reveal the conflict of different realities in the urban universe interests and values which is an important factor about the construction of urban space. The information sources used were from two distinctive natures: primary, journals of the time studied and official government reports, and secondary, based on other works about the subject. It was also used by this study iconographic source, especially images from the data base of the research group História da Cidade, do Território e do Urbanismo .

A reestruturação produtiva e as novas formas de organização do trabalho: a experiência do transporte alternativo no município de Belém/PA

The study made in this thesis analyzes the new form of work organization at the urban collective transportation sector, so called Altemative Transportation which is a new form of public transportation that appears in the Brazilian urban context by the mid ninety' s, this work is made by independent or sub-contracted workers, usually organized in cooperatives . It reflects the investigation of new forms of precarious work, unformal which has been expanding in the urban transportation sector. Thus, discusses non regulation of the services sector problem the ways of survival of exc1uded workers from the formal work market mainly afier the capital productive restructure. It has as privileged area of investigation, the sector policy of urban transportation that make field of the main nets of political articulations that define the dynamic of the urban space. It is known that the urban collective transportation allows the access to the production, circulation and general consumption being necessary to the mobility of the resident population, mainly to those with low purchasing capacity. It becomes a field of empirical investigation at the Belem municipal, located at the Amazonic region - north Brazil. The main points dealed on this research start from concrete relations from the daily life of workers that deve1op their activity on the altemative transport mediated with theoretical references needed for understanding and interpretation of the studied reality. The investigation strategies were built from the abstract (theorical knowledge produced for the reality analyze) in concrete by the investigation quantitative-qualitative from this area of urban policy, making up possible the formation of a references chart to the analyses of the studied subject. Rescue his historicity, from characterization of the urban space of the metropolitan region of Belem passing true the forms of organization and urban services performances while essential production and reproduction element of the social relations. Identifies the main individuals that historically have been participating in the construction of the municipality transport policy and the ways of expression of the local political strength relations. Outstand the State paper on the net of established relations near the local power, as well as outstand the importance of social sciences in the understanding of urban policies in the transportation area, trying to bring input to the academicals -scientific debate .The above e1ected and mentioned points in this study are crucial for a critical reflection of the transportation policies. That relation is not given, but historically built at the power relation chart that makes up this unique area of the urban policies

Transporte coletivo em Natal/RN: uma abordagem geográfica

This paper focuses public bus service as an essential component to urban dynamics in Natal, RN. Thereby, the approach of public bus service in Natal City, capital of Rio Grande do Norte State, has as analytical category the concept of territory used, in which techniques are seen as space elements allowing man and nature interact together. The result of this interaction, systematically analyzed in different historical phases, makes space to a geographical assessment of the theme. On a second moment, it is investigated how public bus system came to be and how it functions today in Natal City. In this sense, this paper looks for the main elements that contributed to explain the subject under investigation. For example, how public bus service has accompanied Natal s socio-spatial changes, and eventually, the use of territory carried out in the context of public bus system. These questions are highlighted in this paper because they play a fundamental role to an explanation about public bus circulation, urban vehicle policies and how they affect the use of territory nowadays.

Los cambios en los sistemas integrados de transporte masivo en las principales ciudades de América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Evaluación del impacto socioeconómico del transporte urbano en la ciudad de Bogotá: el caso del sistema de transporte masivo Transmilenio

Incluye Bibliografía

Diagnóstico del sector transporte colectivo en Santiago de Chile: los efectos de la desreglamentación

Incluye Bibliografía

Transporte ferroviário urbano: a mobilidade da população da região sudeste de Teresina e o trem urbano

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

La planificación del transporte urbano ante los cambios demográficos, sociales, económicos y tecnológicos

La planificación del transporte, intrínsecamente, toma en cuenta un período más que instantáneo. En el caso particular del transporte urbano, la infraestructura sobre la cual la planificación tiene que llegar a determinaciones, es cara, y puede tener una vida útil de varias décadas. Por esto, la planificación debería contemplar las tendencias, económicas, tecnológicas, sociales y demográficas, que influyen sobre los viajes que se hacen. El presente artículo tiene como propósito presentar algunas de las tendencias factibles de observarse durante las próximas décadas. Se concluye que, estando frente a una etapa de considerables cambios e incertidumbre, la inadvertencia a las recientes tendencias podría resultar en la construcción de infraestructura que no siempre sea la más indicada y, además, que el desarrollo urbano milita en contra la operación eficiente del transporte público y, por ende, estaría comprometiendo la sustentabilidad de las ciudades en el largo plazo.

Tecnologías aplicadas al transporte: sistemas de cobro electrónico

A pesar del desplome de muchas empresas puntocom y de la poca penetración del comercio electrónico en la región, las transacciones electrónicas son cada vez más frecuentes en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. En el ámbito del transporte, la incorporación paulatina de la tecnología para apoyar los procesos y el intercambio de flujos monetarios entre los participantes, ha permitido otorgarles una mayor versatilidad, seguridad y flexibilidad. En el transporte público, estas iniciativas se concentran en los cobradores automáticos y dispensadores de tarjetas de prepago. En el tránsito urbano, en los monederos electrónicos para el control y pago del tiempo de estacionamiento, en tarificación vial, los telepeajes permiten otorgar mayor agilidad al proceso de recaudación, especialmente en las autopistas y concesiones urbanas. En el transporte marítimo, cada día son más frecuentes las transferencias electrónicas para el pago de importes aduaneros y derechos portuarios.Dada la importancia y el interés que concita este tema, la Unidad de Transporte ha comenzado el estudio de estas materias, publicando recientemente el documento Sistemas de cobro electrónico de pasajes en el transporte público, LC/L.1752-P/E, Julio de 2002, sobre el cual se basa la presente edición del boletín.

Los cambios en los sistemas integrados de transporte masivo (SITM) en ciudades de América Latina

En la presente edición del Boletín FAL se aborda una mirada a los sistemas de transporte público desarrollados y propuestos en los últimos años en América Latina, y a partir de ello se busca realizar un análisis crítico de las políticas que están detrás de estas intervenciones, como así también las implicaciones que tienen estas para el desarrollo de las ciudades en América Latina.

O transporte urbano e a circulação na abordagem espacial: análise do transporte coletivo urbano da região do ABCD, grande São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Lugar de cadeirante é em casa?: Mobilidade, acessibilidade no transporte coletivo e o espaço da diferença em São Luís

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diagnóstico de sistema integrado de transporte de passageiros com uso de sistema de informação geográfica : o caso da cidade de Macaé – RJ – Brasil : resultados preliminares

O Sistema Integrado de Transporte Coletivo do município de Macaé – RJ tem sido alvo de diversas críticas atualmente e reflete a dificuldade dos gestores urbanos em acompanhar as rápidas transformações da “capital nacional do petróleo", levantando a necessidade de métodos de diagnósticos eficientes em sistemas de transporte de passageiros. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho é diagnosticar o sistema de transporte público de Macaé - RJ e analisar o uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica, tendo em vista a eficiência do diagnóstico. A metodologia se baseia em dados operacionais do sistema de transporte, confecção de mapas e análises espaciais com uso do software Transcad 4.5 Full. Os resultados apontam dificuldades estruturais no sistema como, por exemplo, a localização indevida de 2 Terminais, a sobrecarga de linhas alimentadoras com necessidade demasiada de transbordo, a falta de atendimento direto de importantes linhas de desejo, a desestabilidade na operação, etc. A utilização do SIG demonstrou expressivo ganho de tempo na gestão e análise de informações de forma integrada, devendo-se ponderar, em alguns casos, o método de mapeamento e a relação tempo de trabalho x ganho de conhecimento, assim como a necessidade de integração com informações operacionais do sistema de transporte.