Reciprocal Prospective Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Relationship With Parents in Early Adolescence

Objective: Adolescent depressive symptoms are associated with difficult family relationships. Family systems and interpersonal theories of depression suggest that this association could reflect a circular process in which symptoms and family functioning affect each other over time. Few longitudinal studies have tested this hypothesis, and the results of these studies have been equivocal. In this study, we examine reciprocal prospective associations in early adolescence between depressive symptoms and 2 important aspects of parent–child relationships: communication and conflict. Methods: Participants were 3862 students who annually filled out self-reports. Path analysis was used to examine prospective associations between depressive symptoms and perceived communication and conflict with parents from the age of 12 to 13 and 14 to 15 years. Independence of these associations was assessed by controlling for family context (parental separation and family socioeconomic status) and adolescent behaviour problems (delinquent behaviours and substance use). Sex differences were evaluated with multiple group analysis. Results: Reciprocal prospective associations were found between depressive symptoms and perceived conflict with parents, but not between depressive symptoms and communication with parents. Depressive symptoms were found to predict poorer communication with parents over time, but communication was not predictive of lower depressive symptoms in subsequent years. All paths were sex-invariant and independent from family context and behaviour problems. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering the potential impact of adolescent symptomatology on parent–child relationships and suggests that reciprocity may characterize the association between depressive symptoms and negative aspects of parent–child relationships. The role of adolescent perceptions in the interplay between depressive symptoms and family relationships remains to be clarified.

Adolescent Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms : co-development of Behavioral and Academic Problems

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests the existence of heterogeneity in the development of depressive symptoms during adolescence, but little remains known regarding the implications of this heterogeneity for the development of commonly co-occurring problems. In this study, we derived trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescents and examined the codevelopment of multiple behavioral and academic problems in these trajectories. Methods: Participants were 6,910 students from secondary schools primarily located in disadvantaged areas of Quebec (Canada) who were assessed annually from the age 12 to 16 years. Trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling. The course of behavioral (delinquency, substance use) and academic adjustment (school liking, academic achievement) in trajectories was examined by deriving latent growth curves for each covariate conditional on trajectory membership. Results: We identified five trajectories of stable-low (68.1%), increasing (12.1%), decreasing (8.7%), transient (8.7%), and stable-high (2.4%) depressive symptoms. Examination of conditional latent growth curves revealed that the course of behavioral and academic problems closely mirrored the course of depressive symptoms in each trajectory. Conclusions: This pattern of results suggests that the course of depressive symptoms and other adjustment problems over time is likely to involve an important contribution of shared underlying developmental process(es).

Vocal method. A complete method for the formation and cultivation of the voice.

Mode of access: Internet.

The common colics of the horse : their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment /

Mode of access: Internet.

Novello's glee-hive : a collection of popular glees and madrigals in vocal score, with ad lib. accompaniment for the pianoforte.

Contains 83 glees and madrigals for various combinations of voices, with optional piano accompaniment.

Arion : a collection of four-part songs for male voices, in separate vocal parts with piano score, mainly to be sung without accompaniment /

Mode of access: Internet.

Weber's celebrated Mass in E flat : in vocal score with an accompaniment for the organ or piano-forte /

At head of title: Ditson & co's. uniform edition of Haydn's, Mozart's and Beethoven's masses.

Arion; a collection of four-part songs for male voices, in separate vocal parts with piano score, mainly to be sung without accompaniment.

Mode of access: Internet.

Music. A collection of miscellaneous instrumental and vocal selections.

Mode of access: Internet.

Anton Rubinstein's vocal album ...

Medium voice.

The hygiene of the vocal organs. A practical handbook for singers and speakers.

Photocopy. Columbus, The Ohio State University [1972?] 223 l. 19 cm.

Magnificat (in D) : in vocal score with an accompaniment for the organ or pianoforte /

Mode of access: Internet.

Missa solemnis in D, for four solo voices, chorus and orchestra, opus 123. Vocal score,

Mode of access: Internet.

Acis and Galatea : a serenata in vocal score ; composed in the year 1720 /

Libretto by John Gay. Cf. Grove, 5th ed.