Satura����o em CO2 e regula����o metab��lica do bacterioplancton em ecossistemas aqu��ticos de baixa latitude

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico

Influ��ncia das mudan��as clim��ticas na estrutura funcional da comunidade fitoplanct��nica em um reservat��rio da regi��o do semi��rido

The Brazilian Northeast is the most vulnerable region to climatic variability risks. For the Brazilian semi-arid is expected a reduction in the overall rates of precipitation and an increase in the number of dry days. These changes predicted by the IPCC (2007) will intensify the rainfall and droughts period that could promote the dominance of cyanobacteria, thus affecting the water quality of reservoirs, that are most used for water supply, in the semi-arid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing temperature combined with nutrient enrichment on the functional structure of the phytoplankton community of a mesotrophic reservoir in the semi-arid, in the worst case scenario of climate change predicted by the IPCC (2007). Two experiments were performed, one in a rainy season and another in the dry season. In the water sampled, nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate) were added in different concentrations. The microcosms were submitted to two different temperatures, five-year average of air temperature in the reservoir (control) and 4��C above the control temperature (warming). The results of this study showed that warming and nutrient enrichment benefited mainly the functional groups of cyanobacteria. During the rainy season it was verified the increasing biomass of small functional groups of unicellular and opportunists algae such as F (colonial green algae with mucilage) and X1 (nanoplanktonic algae of eutrophic lake systems). It was also observed an increasing in total biomass, in the richness and diversity of the community. In the dry season experiment there was a greater contribution in the relative biomass of filamentous algae, with a replacement of the group S1 (non-filamentous cyanobacteria with heterocytes) for H1 (filamentous cyanobacteria with heterocytes) in nutrient- enriched treatments. Moreover, there was also loss in total biomass, species richness and diversity of the community. The effects of temperature and nutrients manipulation on phytoplankton community of reservoir Ministro Jo��o Alves provoked changes in species richness, the diversity of the community and its functional composition, being the dry period which showed the highest susceptibility to the increase in the contribution of potentially toxic cyanobacteria with heterocytes

Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro

The inherent complexity of natural communities is a challenge to our understanding about how the habitat influences the abundance, local distribution and species diversity. The habitat can influence community structure in multiple ways and elucidate these relationships has provoked a lot of debate in ecology. The habitat heterogeneity hypothesis states that an increase in habitat heterogeneity (number of habitats) leads to an increase in species diversity in the landscape due to an expansion in niche dimensions. This study aims to identify whether this hypothesis is valid for the spiders that inhabit a locality in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. Cursorial and arboreal spiders were sampled in 30 plots within an area of Caatinga together with measures of environmental complexity, habitat heterogeneity and environmental parameters related to multiple aspects of vegetation architecture and species composition of woody plants. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to define which local environmental parameters best explain the variation in arboreal and cursorial spiders richness. Then a NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scaling) was used to reduce the number of predictive variables to those who are the most important and best represent the variation in spiders richness associated with the environment they were sampled. The results show a clear segregation between the guilds of arboreal and cursorial spiders, both related to what kind of environmental variables best explain its variation as well as in relation to what part of the vegetation they occupy

Modelo de avalia����o de risco : S��o o crescimento e a estequiometria dos girinos afetados pelo efeito interativo entre a presen��a do predador e da densidade de coespec��ficos?

Many prey organisms change their phenotype to reduce the predation risk. However, such changes are associated with trade-offs, and can have negative effects on prey growth or reproduction. Understand how preys assess the predation risk is essential to evaluate the adaptive value of predator-induced phenotypic and its ecological consequences. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to test: i) if growth and stoichiometry of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles is altered in response to giant water bug presence (Belostoma spp.); ii) if these responses depend on tadpoles density in environment. Here, we show that tadpoles growth and stoichiometry are not changed by predator presence, neither in low nor in high densities. Our results suggest that tadpoles exposed to predation risk regulate their physiology to preserve the elemental stoichiometric homeostase of their body and excretion. Further, point out to need for future studies that elucidate under what conditions growth and stoichiometry are changed in response to predation risk

Actinedida e Acaridida (Arachnida: Acari) ed��ficos de Piracicaba, estado de S��o Paulo

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

First report of Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Brazil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Haplotype characterization of the COI mitochondrial gene in Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from different environments in Jaboticabal, state of S��o Paulo, southeastern Brazil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Helminthological screening of free-ranging grey brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira Fischer, 1817 (Cervidae: Odocoileini) from Brazilian Pantanal wetlands, with considerations on Pygarginema verrucosa (Molin, 1860) Kadenatzii, 1948 (Spirocercidae: Ascaropsinae)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Environmental Protection Area Meanders of the Araguaia river

Realizou-se a contagem dos ovos n��o eclodidos, dos filhotes vivos e mortos de Podocnemis expansa oriundos de 327 ninhos naturais, localizados nas praias da ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental (APA) - Meandros do Rio Araguaia, onde se determinou a porcentagem de eclos��o dos ovos (94,63%); n��o eclos��o (5,37%); sobreviv��ncia (94,24%) e mortalidade dos filhotes (5,76%), e a m��dia de filhotes mortos durante os 15 dias no ber����rio (0,97%). A m��dia do total de filhotes por ninho foi determinada pela soma do n��mero de filhotes vivos e mortos divididos pelo total de ninhos, enquanto que a m��dia do total de ovos por ninho foi determinada pela soma do n��mero de filhotes vivos, mortos e ovos n��o eclodidos divididos pelo total de ninhos. Com isso, obtiveram-se os valores m��dios do n��mero de filhotes vivos (88,98 �� 23,94); mortos (0,37 �� 0,93); ovos n��o eclodidos (5,07 �� 9,57), e total de ovos (94,42 �� 21,30). A efici��ncia reprodutiva da popula����o selvagem de P. expansa pode ser afetada por muitos fatores ambientais, como temperatura, umidade e precipita����o. Al��m disso, fatores influenciados pelo homem, como a presen��a de produtos qu��micos na ��gua e a possibilidade de doen��as infecciosas, tamb��m t��m impacto significativo. Os dados dos ��ndices reprodutivos obtidos neste estudo s��o indispens��veis para futuras investiga����es de anomalias de incuba����o.

Di��logos e aprendizagens na forma����o em agronomia para assentados

This thesis aims to investigate the Agronomy course in the perspective of the graduation course for the settlers of the Universidade Federal do Par��- Marab��. This course requires a partnership with the social movements of the North region of the country, with the purpose to understand knowledge production and how learning process occurs from the point of interaction and reliable relationships which are established in the organization during the course. The base of theses studies is to reflect of how the dialogue and learning processes occurred during the Agronomy course and resulted in changing in the teachers behavior and in the other integrated members of the group and mainly in the graduating settlers students. These changings happens as a consenquence of the dialogue production between the most varied areas, different people and institutions which take collective decisions. I observe educational actions, researches, extention concepts of extension and also development researches presented in the educative actions discussed by Freire (1985), Sim��es (2001, 2003) e de Amartya Sen (2000). The theory in which I am basing these studies are based in Boaventura de Souza Santos Sim��es (2001, 2003) and Amartya Sen (2000). Methodologically I analyse knowledge production by sudying the thesis and scientific works related to rural education, social movements, university and higher education in the last 20 years. I analyze the scientific works of all settler students, and besides, I do open interviews with the students, as well as, with the teachers and the leaders of social movements (MST, FETAGRI, CPT, EFA/FATA). I organize and analyze all the speeches from the ecological knowledge as defined by Boaventura de Souza Santos (2006). Finally, I visit five towns of municipal districts of the southeast of Par��, which represents the final methodological part of the research, in order to verify in loco the practices of the experiments purposed as final activity of the Agronomy course. I organize the work in five areas composed by the occupational process and the initiatives which emerged from them; development model and the social and environmental consequences; I also organize the university role and the relationship established between people and institutions which gave origin to the Agronomy course of UFPA and the programs developed in the region; conjuncture of creation of the groups of settled students, curriculum, principles and focus on the course and the experienced actions; developed practices in the course and the relations of reliability experienced internally and externally to the Academy, the learning and dialogue promoted by the course. I believe that the dialogue has caused changes in the organization of the knowledge and in the educative practices of the teachers, as well as, in the socio-productive practices of the regressed settled students

Morphometry and morphology of nucleus of the Sertoli and interstitial cells of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1881) (Pisces: Characidae) during the reproductive cycle

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Hemocyte types and total and differential counts in unparasitized and parasitized Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae) larvae

Os tipos de hem��citos e as contagens total e diferencial foram estudados em larvas parasitadas e n��o parasitadas de Anastrepha obliqua pertencentes ao in��cio e ao final da terceira fase. em ambas as fases do desenvolvimento, tanto em larvas parasitadas quanto nas n��o parasitadas, foram observados pr��-hem��citos, plasmat��citos, granul��citos, adipo-hem��citos, esferul��citos e oenocit��ides. A presen��a de divis��es mit��ticas indica os pr��-hem��citos como c��lulas-tronco. Pr��-hem��citos, plasmat��citos e granul��citos s��o as c��lulas mais numerosas na hemolinfa de A. obliqua. Foi observada diferen��a no n��mero total de hem��citos entre larvas parasitadas e n��o parasitadas apenas no final da terceira fase.

Prevalence and histopathology of Neoechinorhynchus curemai Noronha, 1973 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836 from Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil

O presente trabalho estudou a preval��ncia e a histopatologia de Neoechinorhynchus curemai Noronha, 1973 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) em curimbat��, Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836. Dezoito peixes com comprimento total m��dio de 46,7 + 1,1 cm e peso m��dio de 1.674,8 + 75,6 g foram coletados com rede, bimestralmente, de dezembro de 1995 a dezembro de 1996 na usina hidrel��trica do Reservat��rio de Volta Grande (Cemig), Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dos peixes analisados, 15 estavam infectados com acantoc��falos no intestino (preval��ncia de 83,3%). A maior intensidade m��dia ocorreu em agosto de 1996, com 66,5 (16 a 208) parasitos. A an��lise histopatol��gica revelou completa descama����o do epit��lio intestinal com severa hiperplasia e hipertrofia das c��lulas caliciformes. Observou-se, ainda, forte rea����o inflamat��ria na submucosa, deslocamento de feixes, associado a edemas, bem como infiltra����o mononuclear e eosinof��lica.

Characterization of the acute inflammatory response in the hybrid tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus male �� Colossoma macropomum female) (Osteichthyes)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparative evaluation of the susceptibility of cultivated fishes to the natural infection with myxosporean parasites and tissue changes in the host

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a susceptibilidade de 4 importantes peixes cultivados a parasitos esporozo��rios. Os peixes foram coletados bimestralmente de um tanque de cultivo, durante 1 ano. Myxobolus colossomatis e Henneguya piaractus foram encontrados nos ��rg��os internos e br��nquias, respectivamente. A incid��ncia de ambos os parasitos foi de 97,3% em pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), 33,3% no h��brido tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus x Colossoma macropomum), 5,6% em tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e 0% em carpa (Cyprinus carpio). Pacu foi o peixe mais suscept��vel, encontrando-se parasitado 79,2% nas br��nquias, 66,7% nos rins e 50% no ba��o. A an��lise histopatol��gica das br��nquias mostrou hemorragias, rea����o inflamat��ria com c��lulas mononucleares, fibroblastos e hiperplasia das c��lulas basais e mucosas.