976 resultados para Expressão diferencial


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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2016.

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A modulação fenotípica da célula estrelada hepática (CEH) é um dos eventos primários do processo de fibrose hepática. Durante este evento, a CEH modifica seu fenótipo lipocítico (quiescente) para miofibroblástico (ativado), fenômeno chamado de ativação. Estudos recentes sugerem que fatores de transcrição adipogênicos atuam no processo de ativação das CEH, e conseqüentemente teriam um papel chave na evolução do processo fibrótico. Neste estudo analisamos a expressão gênica de vários fatores de transcrição adipogênicos, como os receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomos (RAPP), receptor X do fígadoα (RXFα), proteína ligante de CCAAT/enhancerα (PLCEα) e proteína ligante do elemento regulatório de esteróis-1 (PLERE-1), em uma linhagem representativa de CEH, a GRX. A linhagem GRX, é capaz de ser induzida in vitro a expressar o fenótipo quiescente através do tratamento com indometacina ou retinol. Após 24 horas ou 7 dias de tratamento, a expressão gênica foi analisada através de PCR em tempo real. Tratamento com indometacina aumentou a expressão de todos os genes avaliados, exceto PLCEα e RAPPβ. O mesmo resultado obtido com desmetil indometacina (LM 4511) sobre RAPPα e γ sugere que a ação da indometacina sobre a diferenciação fenotípica da GRX é independente de sua ação inibitória sobre ciclooxigenase, já que a LM 4511 não possui esta atividade. Tratamento com retinol levou à modulação de um número menor de genes, diminuindo a expressão de PLCEα e aumentando a de RAPPγ, e RAPPβ. Adipsina, gene característico de adipócitos, teve sua expressão induzida apenas nas células tratadas com indometacina. Pex16 e catalase, genes modulados pelos RAPPs, foram diferencialmente expressos, dependendo do tratamento. Os resultados apresentados sugerem que a linhagem representativa de CEH, GRX, tem sua indução fenotípica modulada por fatores de transcrição adipogênicos, que são diferencialmente expressos dependendo do tratamento de conversão.

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Chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living bacillus, Gram-negative commonly found in water and sand of tropical and subtropical regions. One of its main characteristic it's the ability to produce the purple pigment named violacein, that shows countless biological activities. In 2003, the genome of this organism was totally sequenced and revealed important informations about the physiology of this bacteria. However, few post-genomics studies had been accomplished. This work evaluated the protein profile of C. violaceum cultivated in LB medium at 28ºC that allowed the identification and characterization of proteins related to a possible secretion system that wasn't identified and characterized yet in C. violaceum, to the quorum sensing system, to regulatory process of transcription and translation, stress adaptation and biotechnological potential. Moreover, the response of the bacteria to UVC radiation was evaluated. The comparison of the protein profile, analyzed through 2-D electrophoresis, of the control group versus the treatment group allowed the identification of 52 proteins that arose after stress induction. The obtained results enable the elaboration of a stress response pathway in C. violaceum generated by the UVC light. This pathway, that seems to be a general stress response, involves the expression of proteins related to cellular division, purine and pirimidine metabolism, heat chock or chaperones, energy supply, regulation of biofilm formation, transport, regulation of lytic cycle of bacteriophages, besides proteins that show undefined function. Despite the response present similarities with the classic SOS response of E. coli, we still cannot assert that C. violaceum shows a SOS-like response, mainly due to the absence of characterization of a LexA-like protein in this organism

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Laparoscopic surgery is associated with reduced surgical trauma, and less acute phase response, as compared with open surgery. Cytokines are important regulators of the biological response to surgical and anesthetic stress. The aim of this study was to determine if CO2 pneumoperitoneum would change cytokine expression, gas parameters and leukocyte count in septic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control (anesthesia only), laparotomy, CO2 pneumoperitoneum, cecum ligation and puncture by laparotomy, and laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture. After 30 min of the procedures, arterial blood samples were obtained to determine leukocytes subpopulations by hemocytometer. TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 were determined in intraperitoneal fluid (by ELISA). Gas parameters were measured on arterial blood, intraperitoneal and subperitoneal exsudates. Results: Peritoneal TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were lower in pneumoperitoneum rats than in all other groups (p<0.05). TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 expression was lower in the laparoscopic than in laparotomic sepsis (p<0.05). Rats from laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture group developed significant hypercarbic acidosis in blood and subperitoneal fluid when compared to open procedure group. Total white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly lower in laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture rats than in the laparotomic (p<0.01). Nevertheless, the laparotomic cecum ligation rats had a significant increase in blood neutrophils and eosinophils when compared with controls (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the CO2 pneumoperitoneum reduced the inflammatory and immune response in an animal model of peritonitis with respect to intraperitoneal cytokines, white blood cell count and clinical correlates of sepsis. The pneumoperitoneum produced hypercarbic acidosis in septic animals

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Angiogenesis, a fundamental mechanism in tumor development, is used for differential diagnosis and prognosis purposes in various neoplasias of the head and neck. This study proposes to assess angiogenic activity using immunohistochemical expression by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 antibodies in 20 cases of hemangiomas and 20 cases of oral pyogenic granulomas, in addition to determining the usefulness of these markers as one of the differential diagnosis resources for these two oral lesions. The results showed no statistically significant difference between microvascular count (MVC) means determined by anti-CD105 (p = 0.803) and anti-CD34 (p = 0.279) antibodies. The mean number of vessels obtained by MVC in the oral hemangiomas immunostained by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 was 18.75 and 59.72, respectively, whereas in the oral pyogenic granulomas, the mean number was 20.22 and 48.09 respectively. It was also shown that CD34 was more effective than CD105 in identifying blood vessels. However, it must be pointed out that the anti-CD105 antibody seems to be more related to vascular neoformation. Overall, this assay reinforces the role of angiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of hemangiomas and oral pyogenic granulomas, but the results showed that angiogenesis quantification cannot be used as a differential diagnosis parameter between the two lesions analyzed

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The correct histological diagnosis of vascular lesions in the oral mucosa is critical, especially in defining the treatment and prognosis, as some vascular lesions show spontaneous involution and others do not show such behavior. This study analyzed the expression immunohistochemistry of human glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), in oral benign vascular tumors and to reclassify such lesions according to with his immunoexpression. In addition, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), the main transcription factor involved in cellular adaptation to hypoxia. We analyzed 60 cases of benign oral vascular tumors: 30 cases with histological diagnosis of HEM and 30 cases of oral pyogenic granuloma (PG). The results of this research showed that of the 30 lesions initially classified as HEM, only 7 showed immuno-positivity for GLUT-1, remaining with the initial diagnosis. The remaining 23 were reclassified as vascular malformation (VM) (13 cases) and PG (10 cases). All cases in the sample with an initial diagnosis of PG were negative for GLUT-1, demonstrating the accuracy of histological diagnosis of these lesions. Concerning to the immunoexpression of HIF-1α, the Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference between the cases of GP and MV (p = 0.002), where the median of GP (m=78) was higher than the MV (m=53). Based on these results, this study showed that a histological diagnosis alone is not always sufficient for the correct diagnosis of oral HEM and that HIF-1α participates in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions

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Vascular anomalies constitute a distinct group of lesions, but they may present similar clinical and histopatological characteristics, which can lead to diagnostic mistakes. This study aimed by histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of human glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), correctly identify and classify oral vascular anomalies, besides analyzing the immunoexpression of markers proliferation and apoptosis (Ki-67 and Bcl-2). All cases diagnosed as "oral hemangiomas" belonging to the archives of the Service of Pathological Anatomy from the subject of Oral Pathology of the Department of Dentistry (DOD), of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) were reviewed, totalizing 77 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis for GLUT-1 showed that only 26 (33.8%) of the specimens were true infantile hemangiomas (IHs). The 51 (66.2%%) GLUT-1 negative specimens were then reclassified as pyogenic granulomas (PGs) and vascular malformations (VMs) from their histopathologic characteristics,totalizing 26 (33.8%) cases of IHs, 20 (26.0%) of PGs and 31 (40.2) cases of oral VMs. The cases analyzed by the marker Ki-67 showed different median IH (13,85), PG (33,70) and VM (4.55) with statistically significant differences between them (p <0.001). In relation to the protein Bcl-2, the groups also showed different median of the established scores IH (1.00), PG (1.50), VMs (0.0) demonstrating statistically significant differences between them (p<0,001). No statistically significant correlation between the indexes of positivity for Ki-67 and the scores of immunoexpression of Bcl-2 were observed in any group. Thus, we can conclude that it is necessary a careful and parameterized review of cases of vascular anomalies making use of auxiliary tools such as GLUT-1, since the histopathological findings alone, sometimes, are not sufficient to differentiate some anomalies. Furthermore, analysis of the expressions of markers involved in the levels of proliferation of lesions is important for a better understanding of its biological behavior aspect

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living bacillus, Gram-negative commonly found in water and sand of tropical and subtropical regions. One of its main characteristic it's the ability to produce the purple pigment named violacein, that shows countless biological activities. In 2003, the genome of this organism was totally sequenced and revealed important informations about the physiology of this bacteria. However, few post-genomics studies had been accomplished. This work evaluated the protein profile of C. violaceum cultivated in LB medium at 28ºC that allowed the identification and characterization of proteins related to a possible secretion system that wasn't identified and characterized yet in C. violaceum, to the quorum sensing system, to regulatory process of transcription and translation, stress adaptation and biotechnological potential. Moreover, the response of the bacteria to UVC radiation was evaluated. The comparison of the protein profile, analyzed through 2-D electrophoresis, of the control group versus the treatment group allowed the identification of 52 proteins that arose after stress induction. The obtained results enable the elaboration of a stress response pathway in C. violaceum generated by the UVC light. This pathway, that seems to be a general stress response, involves the expression of proteins related to cellular division, purine and pirimidine metabolism, heat chock or chaperones, energy supply, regulation of biofilm formation, transport, regulation of lytic cycle of bacteriophages, besides proteins that show undefined function. Despite the response present similarities with the classic SOS response of E. coli, we still cannot assert that C. violaceum shows a SOS-like response, mainly due to the absence of characterization of a LexA-like protein in this organism

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No momento em que há a agressão tecidual e a defesa inata é deflagrada, mediadores químicos são liberados no local afetado. Esses mediadores podem ser de origem celular tais como CGRP, VEGF e TGFß. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a expressão e distribuição de CGRP, TGFß e VEGF na gengiva do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo de rato no 7 e 14 dias após a indução por ligadura; a expressão e distribuição de CGRP, TGFß e VEGF na gengiva do dente contralateral correspondente sem ligadura, no 7 e 14 dias, e se a indução da periodontite por ligadura no dente experimental provoca uma inflamação na gengiva do dente contralateral correspondente no 7 e 14 dias após a ligadura. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram selecionados 15 ratos Rattus Novergicus, Albinus, Wistar. O grupo experimental de 12 ratos foi dividido em 2 subgrupos compostos por 6 ratos cada um deles distribuídos da seguinte maneira: os do subgrupo A1 permaneceram com a ligadura no primeiro molar inferior esquerdo por 7 dias e foram sacrificados; os do subgrupo A-2 -permaneceram com a ligadura no primeiro molar inferior esquerdo por 14 dias e foram sacrificados. Outros três animais constituíram o grupo controle. Após o sacrifício dos 12 animais dos grupos experimentais e controle suas mandíbulas foram colocadas em ácido etilenodiaminotetracético (EDTA) neutro para sofrerem descalcificação. Então foram processadas para inclusão em parafina e os cortes histológicos foram corados pela hematoxilina-eosina e submetidos à técnica imunohistoquímica para imunomarcação de CGRP, VEGF e TGFß. Aos 7 dias de ligadura observou-se na lâmina própria gengival, epitélio juncional e epitélio oral, expressiva marcação para CGRP. A expressão de VEGF foi intensa na lamina própria e com pouca ou nenhuma marcação no epitélio oral e juncional. O TGFß apresentou pouca marcação na lâmina própria ou nenhuma marcação no epitélio oral e juncional. Aos 14 dias de ligadura houve expressiva marcação de CGRP na lâmina própria, epitélios oral e juncional. O VEGF e o TGFß apresentaram muita marcação na lâmina própria e pouca ou nenhuma marcação no epitélio oral e juncional. Na gengiva dos dentes contralaterais nos 7 e 14 dias houve pouca marcação do CGRP do TGFß na lâmina própria e muita marcação do VEGF. Na gengiva dos dentes controle observou-se muita marcação do CGRP no epitélio juncional e oral e na lâmina própria. O TGFß e o VEGF se expressaram muito pouco ou não se expressaram. Devido à marcação expressiva do VEGF na lâmina própria dos dentes contralaterais, permanece inconclusiva a adequação do uso dos dentes contralaterais nos estudos experimentais das doenças periodontais, embora a expressão de TGFß e CGRP tenham sido menores nestes dentes. A maior marcação do CGRP, VEGF e TGFß nos animais com 14 dias de ligadura do que aos 7 dias demonstra a progressão do processo inflamatório crônico, não se observando processo de reparação cicatricial.

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Toxoplasma gondii é um parasito do filo Apicomplexa que infecta uma grande variedade de hospedeiros, incluindo os humanos. O parasito invade a célula hospedeira por penetração ativa, com a participação das proteínas de suas organelas secretoras durante esse processo. Até o momento, somente um número limitado de proteínas secretoras tem sido descoberto, além disso, as moléculas efetoras envolvidas na invasão e sobrevivência do parasito não estão completamente compreendidas. A osteopontina (OPN) é uma glicofosfoproteína adesiva secretada, multifuncional, que contém o domínio arginina-glicina-ácido aspártico (RGD) de ligação à integrina, que está envolvida em uma variedade de eventos fisiológicos e patológicos, incluindo sinalização e sobrevivência celular. Pela primeira vez, nós demonstramos pelas técnicas de imunofluorescência e imunocitoquímica ultraestrutural que há uma intensa marcação para uma proteína OPN-like nos grânulos densos de taquizoítos de T. gondii extracelulares. O western blotting e o RT-PRC confirmaram a expressão de OPN-like nos taquizoítos. Nossos resultados também mostram que após a invasão dos macrófagos, a proteína OPN-like está localizada na membrana do vacúolo parasitóforo. Esses dados sugerem que os grânulos densos secretam uma proteína OPN-like, e nós podemos especular que essa proteína participa durante o processo de interação do parasito com as células hospedeiras. .