Reporte de caso: síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (SDOM) por hipovolemia en una yegua de la ‘Escuela Militar de Cadetes’

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria

Controle de uma microrrede ilhada baseada em geração eólica-diesel com alto nível de inserção de geração eólica

The insertion of distributed generation units in the electric power systems have contributed to the popularization of microgrid concepts. With the microgrids, several potential benefits can be achieved in regard to power quality and supply reliability. However, several technical challenges related to the control and operation of microgrids, which are associated with high insertion of generation systems based on static converters, must be overcame. Among the opportunities in the context of microgrids, there is the islanded operation of microgrids temporarily disconnected from the electric power systems and also the autonomous operation of geographically isolated microgrids. The frequency in large power systems is traditionally controlled by the generation units based on traditional synchronous generator. The insertion of distributed generation units based on static power converters may bring difficulties to the frequency control in microgrids, due to the reduction of the equivalent inertia of conventional synchronous generators present in islanded and isolated microgrids. In this context, it becomes necessary the proposition of new operational and control strategies for microgrids control, taking into account the presence of distributed generation units based on full-rated converter. This paper proposes an operational and control strategy for the islanded operation of a winddiesel microgrid with high insertion level of wind generation. The microgrid adopted in this study comprises of a wind energy conversion system with synchronous generator based on full rated converter, a diesel generator (DIG) and a dump load. Due to the high insertion level of wind generation, the wind unit operates in Vf mode and the diesel generator operates in PQ mode. The diesel generator and the dump load are used to regulate the DC-link voltage of the wind generation unit. The proposed control allows the islanded operation of the microgrid only with wind generation, wind-only mode (WO), and with wind-diesel generation, wind-diesel mode (WD). For the wind-only mode, with 100% of penetration level of wind generation, it is proposed a DC-link voltage control loop based on the use of a DC dump load. For the winddiesel mode, it is proposed a DC-link voltage control loop added to the diesel generator, which is connected to the AC side of the microgrid, in coordinated action with the dump load. The proposed operational and control strategy does not require the use of batteries and aims to maximize the energy production from wind generation, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the microgrid. The results have showed that the operational and control strategy allowed the stable operation of the islanded microgrid and that the DC-link voltage control loop added to the diesel generator and the dump load proved to be effective during the typical variations of wind speed and load.

Programa de aquisição de alimentos (2003-2010): avaliação da implementação pela CONAB no Rio Grande do Norte

This thesis aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Food Acquisition Program(PAA) through CONAB RN in the period of 2003-2010 with the perception of all agents involved in the implementation of the government program.For the methodological trajectory it was adopted a descriptive bibliographical and documentary approach with triangular qualitative and quantitative, also called evaluative research.The theoretical model was supported by the authors Draibe (2001), Aguilar and Ander-Egg (1994) and Silva(2001), among others, that focused on family farming and evaluation of implementation of public policy having as a category of analysis the size implementation of policy and the latter divided into 10 theoretical dimensions.The universe consisted of three groups: the first were the managers and technicians from CONAB(RN and Brasilia), totaling 15 subjects. The second group was of associations/cooperatives that participated in the programin 2010, totaling a sample in each access of 15 representatives. The third group of subjects totaled with 309 representatives of governmental and non-governmental organizations that received donations of food for the same period. Semi-structured interviews and forms were adopted as instruments of data collection.The data were processed qualitatively by the analysis of content (interviews and documents) and quantitatively by means of statistical tests that allowed inferences and adoption of frequencies. Among the key find ingests that the program is not standing as a structure supported by planning. The interests of the performers do not necessarily converge with the objectives of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA). A shockof goals was identified (within the same program) when comparingthe financial agent (Ministry of Rural Development and of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger Ministry r) and the executor, CONAB/RN. Within the assessed dimensions, the most fragileis the sub-managerial decision-making and Organizational Environment and internal assessment, still deserves attention the sizeof logistical and operational Subsystem, as this also proved weak.The focusin the quest toexpand thequantificationof the resultsof theFood Acquisition Program (PAA)by CONAB/RN does forget a quality management focused on what really should be:the compliance with the institutional objectives of the government program.Finally, the perspective for the traded implementation should be re-examined because excessive discretion by managers along with technical staff has characterized there al role of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) as public policy. We conclude that the implementation model, which apparently aggregates values to the benefitted citizens, has weakened the context of work on family farms having the management model of the implementation process be reviewed by the Federal Government and point too ther paths, which have as a guide line the emancipation and developmentof the field or in the field andat the same time enables the reduction of nutritional deficiency of beneficiaries in a balanced and coherent way

Empreendedorismo e Cultura: um estudo sobre empreendedores estrangeiros no RN

This present study analyses the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship, in order to contribute in understanding the impact and the influence of Brazilian culture under the business practices of foreign entrepreneur on the tourism area of Rio Grande do Norte state. Researchers in entrepreneurship field, such as Schumpeter (2005), Weber (2006), McClelland (1972), Murphy, Liao, Welsch (2006), Peyrefitte (1999), Blanchflower (1988), Filion (2000), among others, and in the national culture, high-lighting Caldas and Woods (1999), Hofstede (1997) and Barros and Prates (1996), are put together to create a starting point to this present research, that reaches out for a differential approach, in order to create a correlation between Brazilian culture and the foreign entrepreneur, who chose Rio Grande do Norte state to live and invest. It was observed that in the case of the Switzerland entrepreneur, where the cultural difference is more strong, either in Hofstede's perspective than in Brazilian s authors, the management practices are more negatively affected. The rationalization adopted by the entrepreneur and the employee s logic are in battle in a day-to-day operation of the company. In the case of the Argentinean entrepreneur, the cultural difference exists, but it does not impact as much, because of her personal characteristics and the similarities of Latin culture than surfaces the differences. Finally, this study showed the necessity of analyzing the enterprising regarding the cultural issue, in a way to highlight the different rationalities in different atmospheres where it is practiced the enterprise

Muerte de un pasajero en un vuelo comercial: muerte inesperada por colangitis supurada

Un pasajero de un vuelo comercial desde un país del Magreb a otro del norte de Europa fallece durante el vuelo. El avión aterriza en el aeropuerto más próximo en ese momento, que es el de nuestra ciudad. Comunicado el hecho a la autoridad judicial local, esta ordena la práctica de la autopsia médico-legal. En el presente caso no se pudo conseguir ninguna información de los antecedentes patológicos del fallecido antes de la autopsia. Esta reveló la existencia de una colangitis supurada, debida a litiasis residual del colédoco, como causa de la muerte.

Evaluación del abordaje diagnóstico del trauma abdominal en la Unidad de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Rosales.

El trauma abdominal es la tercera causa de muerte. Durante años se han utilizado muchos métodos diagnósticos para la evaluación del trauma abdominal: actualmente los utilizados son el lavado peritoneal diagnóstico, el cual es muy sensible pero invasivo y la ultrasonografía en formato enfocado FAST, una buena opción. Igualmente la tomografía computarizada ha mostrado buena sensibilidad diagnostica y ser no invasiva. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de seguimiento de una cohorte de pacientes que consultaron con trauma abdominal en la Unidad de Emergencia del HNR en el periodo de junio 2012 a mayo 2013, en quienes se utilizó métodos diagnósticos para dicho trauma abdominal. Se realizó también evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados: Se encontró una muestra de 278 pacientes que cumplían criterios de inclusión. El lavado peritoneal fue el método más utilizado en nuestra serie en 147 pacientes (52.9%) seguido por el FAST 128 (46%). La modalidad de uso del lavado peritoneal fue de indicación en los pacientes con estado de choque y Glasgow más severo, y en traumas abiertos. La sensibilidad del lavado peritoneal fue de 100%, con especificidad del 87.5, y del FAST sensibilidad del 100% y especificidad del 91,80%. Conclusiones: El lavado peritoneal diagnóstico en nuestra serie fue el método más utilizado y en los pacientes con mayor grado de severidad de choque y Glasgow.

Análise proteômica de Chromobacterium violaceum: acúmulo estacionário e diferencial após exposição à luz UVC

Chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living bacillus, Gram-negative commonly found in water and sand of tropical and subtropical regions. One of its main characteristic it's the ability to produce the purple pigment named violacein, that shows countless biological activities. In 2003, the genome of this organism was totally sequenced and revealed important informations about the physiology of this bacteria. However, few post-genomics studies had been accomplished. This work evaluated the protein profile of C. violaceum cultivated in LB medium at 28ºC that allowed the identification and characterization of proteins related to a possible secretion system that wasn't identified and characterized yet in C. violaceum, to the quorum sensing system, to regulatory process of transcription and translation, stress adaptation and biotechnological potential. Moreover, the response of the bacteria to UVC radiation was evaluated. The comparison of the protein profile, analyzed through 2-D electrophoresis, of the control group versus the treatment group allowed the identification of 52 proteins that arose after stress induction. The obtained results enable the elaboration of a stress response pathway in C. violaceum generated by the UVC light. This pathway, that seems to be a general stress response, involves the expression of proteins related to cellular division, purine and pirimidine metabolism, heat chock or chaperones, energy supply, regulation of biofilm formation, transport, regulation of lytic cycle of bacteriophages, besides proteins that show undefined function. Despite the response present similarities with the classic SOS response of E. coli, we still cannot assert that C. violaceum shows a SOS-like response, mainly due to the absence of characterization of a LexA-like protein in this organism

Processo biotecnológico voltado a produção de estoques poliploides do camarão-branco litopenaeus vannamei (decapoda, penaeidae)

without practical results so far. Protocols used in biotechnological cultured aquatic organisms aimed at increasing growth rates and disease resistance, have been studied and perfected. Among the available techniques, the application of chromosomal manipulation, although still nascent, is presented as a tool aimed at mitigating ecological and economical issues in shrimp farming. The polyploidization artificial method already employed in fish and shellfish, has been widely researched for use in farmed shrimp. Some limitations of this method of expansion in shrimp refer to a better knowledge of cytogenetic aspects, the level of sexual dimorphism and performance in growing conditions. To contribute on some of these issues, the present study aimed to characterize cytogenetic species Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda) and Artemia franciscana (Anostraca), analyze the effectiveness of methods for detection of ploidy, through the use of flow cytometry in processes of induction polyploidy cold thermal shock at different stages of development of newly fertilized eggs. Additionally, aimed also the qualitative and quantitative comparison of larval development between diploid and polyploid organisms, besides the identification of sexual dimorphism in L. vannamei, through geometric morphometrics. The results provide information relevant to the improvement and widespread use of biotechnological methods applied toward national productivity in shrimp farming

Constituintes Proposicionais Inarticulados

Algumas proposições parecem incluir constituintes não articulados (i.e., elementos proposicionais que não são o valor semântico de nenhum elemento gramatical do proferimento que expressa estas proposições). Isto chamou a atenção dos filósofos da linguagem por constituir um contraexemplo àquilo que Perry chamou de representação homomórfica da linguagem (i.e., cada elemento proposicional sendo o valor semântico de algum elemento gramatical). Se genuíno, este fenômeno também entra em choque com o chamado minimalismo semântico, de acordo com o qual a única forma de sensibilidade contextual sistemática que afeta o conteúdo proposicional originalmente expresso é a indexicalidade. Neste ensaio discuto algumas tentativas de incorporar a ideia de constituintes inarticulados na semântica e na epistemologia, bem como algumas críticas direcionadas a estas tentativas.

Nivelación dialectal: aspectos metodológicos y teóricos para el estudio de la convergencia lingüística a través de un caso concreto: los inmigrantes de Riogordo y Colmenar en Málaga

Convergencia y divergencia dialectales en los núcleos rurales Redes sociales Actitudes individuales y construcción de estilos personales Existe una tendencia bien conocida en las lenguas hacia la convergencia entre las variedades vernáculas regionales con las prestigiosas y de mayor estatus, propias de los núcleos urbanos y centros culturales. En las comunidades rurales, sin embargo, es más frecuente que tenga lugar una resistencia a la convergencia con el estándar y que se refuerce el uso de los rasgos vernáculos. Lo que ocurre es que el estudio de los procesos de convergencia en los centros urbanos está bien representado en la bibliografía y, sin embargo, son escasos los trabajos que se han ocupado de estudiar las tendencias divergentes en núcleos poblacionales más pequeños y en zonas rurales. De ahí que esta tesis pretenda dar respuesta a ese choque de tendencias convergentes y divergentes que tiene lugar en el ámbito rural. El estudio se centra en dos localidades de la provincia de Málaga, Colmenar y Riogordo, porque ambas reúnen las características idóneas para arrojar un poco de luz sobre este tipo de procesos de contacto dialectal: están cerca de la capital y bien comunicadas con el núcleo urbano, pero a la vez tienen una identidad muy marcada, lo que las convierte en un laboratorio ideal para investigar por qué sus habitantes se inclinan por una u otra variante impulsando, de esta manera, tendencias de convergencia o bien de divergencia con el estándar. Para crear el corpus en el que se basa esta investigación se establecieron cuotas de afijación uniforme basadas en tres variables de preestratificación: sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción. Las casillas de las cuotas se fueron completando por medio del procedimiento de bola de nieve. Para investigar los procesos de divergencia dialectal se han escogido tres variables dependientes, la fricativa velar /x/, la palatal africada /ʧ/ y las líquidas /r/ y /l/ en la distensión silábica. Son buenos indicios para estudiar las tendencias que aquí interesan y, por otra parte, su presencia en la bibliografía sociolingüística no está tan bien representada como la de, por ejemplo, el proceso de escisión de /θs/ en dos unidades, mate y estridente, o su variación en la coda silábica. En el capítulo correspondiente a la variación social se estudia la correlación entre variables dependientes y de preestratificación y también se presta atención a la influencia que ejercen otras variables de postestratificación, como el modo de vida y el grado de formalidad de la situación, porque aportan información relevante sobre la atribución de prestigio patente o encubierto en las localidades rurales. En relación con la variación reticular, se revisa de qué manera interactúan el rango de la red, el sexo y el nivel de estudios de los contactos con las variables dependientes, pues son estos precisamente los indicadores que más fuerza explicativa tienen en la muestra analizada. También interesa conocer qué influencia ejerce en los usos lingüísticos de los hablantes el grado de aceptación de los valores urbanos o su apego a las costumbres locales y su mentalidad rural. Con tal fin se ha construido una Escala de Orientación Urbana, ESORURB, que mide la interacción entre usos lingüísticos y mentalidad del hablante. La tesis se cierra con un estudio de la variación individual según las aportaciones de los trabajos de la tercera ola. Para el análisis se ha escogido a una integrante de una de las redes sociales que sobresale entre su grupo de edad (la segunda generación) y estudios (sociolecto superior) por el alto porcentaje de formas estigmatizadas que emplea. El objetivo del capítulo es detectar qué valor confiere esta hablante a las variantes vernáculas, estudiando los temas de conversación que favorecen su aparición y los marcos discursivos que sirven de contexto. A partir de estos datos se establecen dos estilos conversacionales concretos asociados al empleo de las variantes, y que ella adopta de forma consciente para mostrarse ante los demás y construir una imagen concreta de sí misma.

Literatura e emigração : olhares cruzados (Nita Clímaco, Assis Esperança, Olga Gonçalves e Amândio Sousa Dantas) : estudo comparatista para utilização desta temática no ensino secundário

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise da temática da emigração nas obras de quatro autores que se mantêm afastados dos programas curriculares: António Assis Esperança, com Fronteiras, Nita Clímaco, com A salto, Olga Gonçalves, com Este verão o emigrante là-bas e Amândio Sousa Dantas com Poesia da emigração. Numa primeira parte são definidas as noções de Literatura, História, Ficção e Contexto histórico e explicitadas as relações existentes entre conceitos. A segunda parte aborda a Imagologia enquanto teoria satélite da disciplina de Literatura Comparada. Neste âmbito, apresenta brevemente as várias tendências comparatistas e detém-se nas noções de ficcionalidade, teoria da receção e intertextualidade. Define e estabelece distinções entre Tema e Motivo, e por fim propõe uma abordagem comparativa dos temas: “Representações do Feminino” e “Imagem do Estrangeiro”. Na terceira parte, recorrendo à metodologia comparatista foi realizada uma análise transversal dos motivos: “Retrato de um país – Portugal nas décadas de 1960 - 1980”, “A Emigração”, “ A Viagem – o Salto”, “O choque cultural e linguístico” e “ A Saudade”. Todas as abordagens dos temas e dos motivos iniciam com uma apresentação teórica, resultado das leituras feitas ao longo da investigação. Por fim, o último capítulo expõe algumas propostas para o tratamento das obras e da temática nas aulas de Português no ensino secundário, para um trabalho interdisciplinar com História e um Projeto de Turma envolvendo as restantes disciplinas.

Eficiência e razão de hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

Projeto InOut Expat

O Projeto InOut Expat foi desenvolvido para apoiar e ajudar os expatriados em fase de mudança para um país estrangeiro, através de uma plataforma eletrónica que oferece os serviços de uma secretária virtual para auxiliar em situações burocráticas e/ou pessoais. Oferece também, formação intercultural focada em cultura/costumes, etiqueta e linguagem não-verbal. O website tem informações gratuitas de todos os países do mundo como, o custo de vida, a língua oficial, o PIB, a capital, a bandeira que são informações facilmente encontradas num motor de busca na internet. Também apresenta links e publicações com noticias, ofertas de emprego e entrevistas a expatriados. Os expatriados envolvidos no projeto estão felizes pela decisão que tomaram em mudar de país, mas a maioria sentiu tristeza, insegurança, choque e outros sentimentos negativos na adaptação ao país de destino, a InOut Expat pretende colmatar estes sentimentos. O projeto está a cumprir o que promete desde fase embrionária. É sem dúvida uma ferramenta útil para quem opta por emigrar ou imigrar, principalmente no auxilio de uma secretária virtual para procurar casa ou trabalho.

Acerca del repudio y su reconocimiento por los tribunales españoles

Desde hace varias décadas se ha venido produciendo un auge del Derecho Internacional Privado como consecuencia del aumento de los “conflictos de civilizaciones” que surgen debido al choque de las diversas culturas que dibujan el panorama social actual. No cabe duda de que la sociedad europea del momento es una sociedad multicultural, caracterizada precisamente por la convivencia de diferentes ideologías y pensamientos, lo que ha dado lugar a la necesidad de dar cabida a determinadas figuras que originalmente no pertenecían al territorio europeo y cuya presencia es cada vez mayor. Consecuentemente, esta coexistencia de nuevas instituciones jurídicas que provienen de culturas extranjeras con aquellas que forman parte de nuestro ordenamiento impulsa a los juristas a buscar una salida a la cuestión de cómo proceder a la integración de las mismas en nuestro sistema jurídico.

EL "PASS THROUGH" DEL TIPO DE CAMBIO EN LOS PRECIOS DE BIENES TRANSABLES Y NO TRANSABLES EN COSTA RICA

Este trabajo estima el coeficiente de pass through del tipo de cambio en los precios de bienes transables y no transables en Costa Rica, para el corto y el largo plazo. Se utiliza el análisis de mínimos cuadrados para estimar los coeficientes, y se explora la dinámica de ajuste de los modelos utilizando el análisis de vectores auto regresivo. Dentro de los principales resultados del modelo se encontró un coeficiente de pass through para los bienes transables de 13% en el corto plazo y de 68% en el largo plazo; para los bienes no transables, el pass through es de 10% y 52% en el corto y largo plazo respectivamente. En el largo plazo se incluye un 7% de pass through indirecto producto del efecto de los precios de los transables en los de no transables. El estudio de la dinámica de ajuste de los precios de transables y no transables ante un choque del tipo de cambio mostró una duración de 17 y 27 meses respectivamente. Además se realizaron pruebas de causalidad de Granger y estabilidad del modelo. La primera mostró una relación de precedencia entre las variaciones de tipo de cambio e inflación, y entre inflación de los transables y de los no transables. La segunda evidencia un cambio estructural en el modelo de los no transables entre fines de 1995 e inicio de 1996. AbstractThis paper estimates short run and long run coefficients of exchange rate pass through in to the prices of tradable and non tradable goods in Costa Rica. The coefficients are estimated by OLS. A VAR analysis is conducted in order to estimate the dynamic process between exchange rate and inflation. Granger causality test and a stability test are conducted too. The short run pass through coefficients are 13% and 10%, for tradable and non tradable goods respectively and the long run coefficients are 68% and 52% in the same order. There is a second stage pass through of 7% included in the long run coefficient for non tradable goods. The dynamic analysis shows that the adjustment process of prices as a result of an exchange rate shock takes 17 months for tradable goods and 27 months for non tradable goods. The Granger causality test shows precedence between variation in the exchange rate and inflation, and between the prices of tradable and non tradable goods. There is statistical evidence of a structural change in the non tradable model between the end of 1995 and the beginning of 1996.