Estudo do defeito de ligação da asa em louça de porcelana

Este relatório descreve o trabalho realizado durante um estágio na empresa Vista Alegre Atlantis. Neste estágio, propunha-se diminuir ou eliminar um problema, um defeito observado como a asa descolada numa chávena de porcelana. Através do estudo das fases do processo de fabrico das chávenas, que se focou na conformação das asas e na secagem, concluiu-se que se tratava de um problema na conformação, relacionado com as propriedades da pasta utilizada para a conformação, recorrendo-se a uma pasta de porcelana com propriedades diferentes. Neste trabalho é apresentado o problema em estudo, o material (a porcelana), incluindo as suas propriedades, as matérias-primas e os processos utilizados para produzir as peças estudadas. Apresentam-se os procedimentos usados para estudar o material e o problema, os resultados obtidos e as conclusões tiradas da discussão dos dados e observações. Adicionalmente, é apresentado trabalho relevante efetuado durante o estágio, em especial aquele relacionado com as chávenas de porcelana.

Diseño de un sistema de administración de recursos humanos orientado a mejorar la gestión del personal de la empresa Asa Posters S.A. de C.V. en el departamento de San Salvador.

El recurso humano es el elemento más importante en las organizaciones, pues a través de ellos se logran los objetivos, crecimiento, desarrollo y estabilidad de la empresa, es por ello que merece una atención especial. De generación en generación el campo de la administración de Recursos humanos ha venido evolucionando y realizando aportaciones para la eficacia de la organización. En este documento se presenta la investigación realizada en la empresa ASA POSTERS S.A. DE C.V., a fin de obtener información para diseñar un Sistema de Administración de Recursos Humanos orientado a mejorar la gestión del personal. Cabe mencionar que a pesar de ser una empresa de gran magnitud, no cuenta con una unidad de Recursos Humanos, lo que impide mantener con los empleados una adecuada comunicación, que es en sí uno de los problemas que más ha denotado la investigación y que se da a conocer en el presente. Para la elaboración de la propuesta del sistema, se indagó con respecto a los elementos de los subsistemas Provisión, Aplicación, Mantenimiento, Desarrollo, Seguimiento y Control de Personal en la investigación en lo cual se obtiene aspectos importantes a considerar como lo son: En la Provisión de Personal, se indagó acerca del proceso de Reclutamiento y Selección en la empresa, determinando la falta de éste, por lo que se proponen los procesos respectivos en el que se incluyen los medios, tipos y fuentes para reclutar, así mismo los pasos del proceso de selección que permitan elegir al candidato idóneo; también los procedimientos necesarios para reclutar, seleccionar y contratar al personal necesario. Con respecto a la Aplicación de personal, en ASA POSTER S.A. DE C.V., se investigó sobre la Inducción de Personal, Descripción y Análisis de Puestos y la Evaluación del desempeño. Denotando que no existe un manual de inducción; así mismo no cuenta con las herramientas técnico-administrativas como el Manual de Descripción de puestos, en cuanto a la evaluación del desempeño se verificó que se realiza de manera imparcial. Por lo que se propone un manual de Bienvenida, el cuestionario para el análisis y descripción de puestos y un método de evaluación del desempeño, que contribuya a la toma de decisiones. Según lo investigado acerca del Mantenimiento de personal, en relación a la Administración de Salarios, Planes de Beneficio Social e Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional en el trabajo. Se determinó con el diagnóstico que la empresa no cuenta con una política salarial que ayude a motivar al personal; además carece de beneficios adicionales a la ley; en cuanto a la higiene y seguridad no posee las medidas sufrientes para contrarrestar y prevenir accidentes. Lo anterior conlleva a proponer una política salarial, Beneficios sociales y adicionales a la ley tomando actividades asistenciales, recreativos y supletorios; así como medidas de higiene y un formato para evaluar el estado de higiene y seguridad laboral. En el Desarrollo de Personal, se indagó acerca del desarrollo de persona haciendo énfasis en la capacitación de estableciendo que si realizan capacitaciones técnicas, pero de se realiza de manera imparcial, por lo que se propone un programa de capacitación que contiene un formulario para detectar necesidades de capacitación y las actividades necesarias para programar futuras capacitaciones que incluyan todos los aspectos importantes para el logro de objetivos organizacionales. Y finalmente el Seguimiento y Control de Personal, se indagó sobre Base de Datos y Auditoría de Recursos Humanos, que son dos elementos básicos, según lo investigado ASA POSTERS S.A. DE C.V., cuenta con el registro de los empleados en un expediente laboral pero no están actualizado, así mismo no se realiza auditoria de Recursos Humanos pues no existe la unidad de Recursos Humanos por lo que se propone un formulario con información básica y relevante de los empleado, el cual deberá ser actualizado constantemente, así como un formulario para realizar la evaluación del sistema para detectar si las los planes, políticas, procedimientos, y programas propuestos están siendo aplicados correctamente, esto permitirá determinar si es necesario emplear medidas correctivas a las actividades futuras y de esta manera mantener una adecuada auditoría del sistema.

Revisión sistemática utilidad de asa y calcio con o sin vitamina d en la prevención de cáncer colorrectal y la recurrencia de pólipos adenomatosos en paciente con riesgo de padecer esta patología

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es una patología con alto impacto en la salud pública, debido a su prevalencia, incidencia, severidad, costo e impacto en la salud mental y física del individuo y la familia. Ensayos clínicos realizados en pacientes con antecedente de infarto al miocardio que consumían ácido acetil salicílico (asa), calcio con y sin vitamina D, mostraron asociación entre el consumo de estos medicamentos y disminución en la incidencia en cáncer colorrectal y pólipos adenomatosos. Objetivo: Evaluar la literatura sobre el uso de asa, calcio con y sin vitamina D con relación a su impacto en la prevención del cáncer colorrectal y pólipos adenomatosos. Métodos: Se realizó revisión sistemática buscando ensayos clínicos realizados en pacientes con factores de riesgo para cáncer colorrectal y pólipos adenomatosos que usaron asa, calcio con y sin vitamina D fueron incluidos. Resultados: se escogieron 105 para la revisión sistemática. Conclusiones: Es necesario desarrollar más estudios que lleven a evaluar el efecto protector de la aspirina, calcio y vitamina D. En los artículos revisados la aspirina a dosis de 81 a 325 mg día se correlaciona con reducción de riesgo de aparición de CRC aunque la dosis ideal, el tiempo de inicio y la duración de la ingesta continua no son claros. Hacen falta estudios que comparen poblaciones con ingesta de asa a diferentes dosis.

ARTICULAÇÃO DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO (ASA): ALTERNATIVAS DESENVOLVIMENTISTAS PARA O SEMIÁRIDO DO BRASIL

O semiárido brasileiro abrange o norte dos Estados de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo, parte do Sudeste do Maranhão, além dos sertões de Sergipe, Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará, Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte. O mesmo apresenta chuvas irregulares, áreas áridas e em risco de desertificação, afetadas por períodos longos de seca. Estes aspectos por sua vez contribuem para a ocorrência de baixos indicadores socioeconômicos da região semiárida. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho discorre acerca da atuação da Articulação no Semiárido Brasileiro (ASA), fórum de organizações da sociedade civil, que integra diversas entidades, sindicatos, trabalhadores rurais, Organizações Não Governamentais - ONGs, entre outras, operando em busca de transformações socioeconômicas, políticas e culturais para o semiárido. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho objetiva compreender a atuação da Articulação do Semiárido Brasileiro (ASA) no Brasil. E o caminho trilhado para alcançar tal objetivo se pauta em revisão bibliográfica e análise de informações do Fórum de organizações (ASA). O resultado consiste em análise das ações realizadas pela mesma nos últimos anos e os benefícios trazidos para estas regiões.

Single-layer decoupling networks for large circulant symmetric arrays

In this paper, the authors propose a new structure for the decoupling of circulant symmetric arrays of more than four elements. In this case, network element values are again obtained through a process of repeated eigenmode decoupling, here by solving sets of nonlinear equations. However, the resulting circuit is much simpler and can be implemented on a single layer. The corresponding circuit topology for the 6-element array is displayed in figure diagrams. The procedure will be illustrated by considering different examples.

More light at the end of the tunnel – apixaban in atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Subjects with atrial fibrillation are at risk of thromboembolic events. The vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin) are useful at preventing coagulation in atrial fibrillation, but are difficult to use. One of the FXa inhibitors, oral apixaban, has been tested as an anticoagulant in atrial fibrillation. Areas covered: In ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for reduction in stroke and other thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation) apixaban was compared to warfarin in subjects with atrial fibrillation, and shown to cause a lower rate of stroke or systemic embolism and of major bleeding, than warfarin. In the AVERROES (Apixaban versus acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillations patients who have failed or are unsuitable for vitamin K antagonist treatment) trial, stroke or systemic embolism occurred less often with apixaban than aspirin, whereas the occurrence of major bleeding was similar in the groups. Expert opinion: Apixaban is much easier for subjects with atrial fibrillation to use than warfarin, as it does not require regular monitoring by a health professional, with dosage adjustment. In addition to replacing warfarin in subjects with atrial fibrillation who are unable or not prepared to use warfarin, apixaban has the potential to replace warfarin more widely in the prevention of thromboembolism in subjects with atrial fibrillation.

Mortality following hip arthroplasty—inappropriate use of National Joint Registry (NJR) data

Mortality following hip arthroplasty is affected by a large number of confounding variables each of which must be considered to enable valid interpretation. Relevant variables available from the 2011 NJR data set were included in the Cox model. Mortality rates in hip arthroplasty patients were lower than in the age-matched population across all hip types. Age at surgery, ASA grade, diagnosis, gender, provider type, hip type and lead surgeon grade all had a significant effect on mortality. Schemper's statistic showed that only 18.98% of the variation in mortality was explained by the variables available in the NJR data set. It is inappropriate to use NJR data to study an outcome affected by a multitude of confounding variables when these cannot be adequately accounted for in the available data set.

In-hospital mortality rates after a cemented femoral component for displaced neck of femur fractures

Aim This prospective cohort study investigated whether the use of preoperative anticoagulants is an independent risk factor for the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with a neck of femur fracture. Methods Data was obtained from a prospectively collected database. All patients admitted for a neck of femur fracture between Nov 2010 and Oct 2011 were included. This resulted in three hundred twenty-eight patients with 330 neck of femur fractures. Four groups were defined; patients preoperatively (i) on aspirin (n = 105); (ii) on clopidogrel (n = 28); (iii) on warfarin (n = 30), and; (iv) without any anticoagulation history (n = 167, the control group). The non-warfarin group included the aspirin group, clopidogrel group and the control group. Primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were the postoperative complications, return to theatre and length of stay. Results Thirteen in-hospital deaths were identified, 4 deaths in the aspirin group, 1 death in the clopidogrel group, 2 deaths in the warfarin group and 6 deaths in the control group. No significant difference in the mortality rates was found between the different groups. Also in the secondary outcomes, no significant difference was found between the four groups. A trend to a higher wound complication rate for the warfarin group was detected. Conclusion The use of clopidrogel or aspirin pre operatively is not an influence on short term patient outcome for patients with a neck of femur fracture. Surgical procedures should not be delayed to reverse their influence.

Social interaction and the role of empathy in information and knowledge management

This article provides a general review of the literature on the nature and role of empathy in social interaction for information professionals working in a variety of information and knowledge environments. Relational agency theory (Edwards, 2005) is used asa framework to re-conceptualize education for empathic social interaction between information professionals and their clients. Past, present and future issues relevant to empathic interaction in information and knowledge management are discussed in the context of three shifts identified from the literature: (a) the continued increase in communication channels, both physical and virtual, for reference, information and re-search services, (b) the transition from the information age to the conceptual age and(c) the growing need for understanding of the affective paradigm in the information and knowledge professions. Findings from the literature review on the relationships between empathy and information behavior, social networking, knowledge management and information and knowledge services are presented. Findings are discussed in relation to the development of guidelines for the affective education and training of information and knowledge professionals and the potential use of virtual learning software such as Second Life in developing empathic communication skills

Sterochemical studies on cyclic peptides-VIII. Conformational analysis of hydrogen bonded cyclohexaglycyl molecule with a centre of inversion symmetry

A study on the conformational aspects of cyclo-hexaglycyl having inversion symmetry has been made. The cyclic backbone has been assumed to have two internal 4→1 types of NH... O hydrogen bonds. This molecule has been found to take up two types of conformations designated asA* andB* having nearly the same energy values. The theoretical conformations have been compared with the conformations of cyclohexaglycyl hemihydrate observed in the crystal structure. Two molecules with an approximate inversion symmetry are close to the conformation of the typeB* and two other molecules with exact inversino symmetry correspond nearly to the typesB* andA*. comparison with the theoretically possible conformations of cyclohexaglycyl molecule with 2-fold symmetry has been made. The preference of inversion symmetry and preferred ranges ofψ for glycyl molecules is discussed.

Mediastinitis after cardiac surgery

Mediastinitis as a complication after cardiac surgery is rare but disastrous increasing the hospital stay, hospital costs, morbidity and mortality. It occurs in 1-3 % of patients after median sternotomy. The purpose of this study was to find out the risk factors and also to investigate new ways to prevent mediastinitis. First, we assessed operating room air contamination monitoring by comparing the bacteriological technique with continuous particle counting in low level contamination achieved by ultra clean garment options in 66 coronary artery bypass grafting operations. Second, we examined surgical glove perforations and the changes in bacterial flora of surgeons' fingertips in 116 open-heart operations. Third, the effect of gentamicin-collagen sponge on preventing surgical site infections (SSI) was studied in randomized controlled study with 557 participants. Finally, incidence, outcome, and risk factors of mediastinitis were studied in over 10,000 patients. With the alternative garment and textile system (cotton group and clean air suit group), the air counts fell from 25 to 7 colony-forming units/m3 (P<0.01). The contamination of the sternal wound was reduced by 46% and that of the leg wound by >90%. In only 17% operations both gloves were found unpunctured. Frequency of glove perforations and bacteria counts of hands were found to increase with operation time. With local gentamicin prophylaxis slightly less SSIs (4.0 vs. 5.9%) and mediastinitis (1.1 vs. 1.9%) occurred. We identified 120/10713 cases of postoperative mediastinitis (1.1%). During the study period, the patient population grew significantly older, the proportion of women and patients with ASA score >3 increased significantly. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only significant predictor for mediastinitis was obesity. Continuous particle monitoring is a good intraoperative method to control the air contamination related to the theatre staff behavior during individual operation. When a glove puncture is detected, both gloves are to be changed. Before donning a new pair of gloves, the renewed disinfection of hands will help to keep their bacterial counts lower even towards the end of long operation. Gentamicin-collagen sponge may have beneficial effects on the prevention of SSI, but further research is needed. Mediastinitis is not diminishing. Larger populations at risk, for example proportions of overweight patients, reinforce the importance of surveillance and pose a challenge in focusing preventive measures.

Individual variation in in vitro efficacy of antiplatelet medication - aspirin and clopidogrel

Antiplatelet medication is known to decrease adverse effects in patients with atherothrombotic disease. However, despite ongoing antiplatelet medication considerable number of patients suffer from atherothrombotic events. The aims of the study were 1) to evaluate the individual variability in platelet functions and compare the usability of different methods in detecting it, 2) to assess variability in efficacy of antiplatelet medication with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel and 3) to investigate the main genetic and clinical variables as well as potential underlying mechanisms of variability in efficacy of antiplatelet medication. In comparisons of different platelet function tests in 19 healthy individuals PFA-100® correlated with traditional methods of measuring platelet function and was thus considered appropriate for testing individual variability in platelet activity. Efficacy of ongoing 100mg aspirin daily was studied in 101 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Aspirin response was measured with arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation, which reflects cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1 dependent thromboxane (Tx) A2 formation, and PFA-100®, which evaluates platelet activation under high shear stress in the presence of collagen and epinephrine. Five percent of patients failed to show inhibition of AA-aggregation and 21% of patients had normal PFA-100® results despite aspirin and were thus considered non-responders to aspirin. Interestingly, the two methods of assessing aspirin efficacy, platelet aggregation and PFA-100®, detected different populations as being aspirin non-responders. It could be postulated that PFA-100® actually measures enhanced platelet function, which is not directly associated with TxA2 inhibition exerted by aspirin. Clopidogrel efficacy was assessed in 50 patients who received a 300mg loading dose of clopidogrel 2.5 h prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and in 51 patients who were given a loading dose of 300mg combined with a five day treatment of 75mg clopidogrel daily mimicking ongoing treatment. Clopidogrel response was assessed with ADP-induced aggregations, due to its mechanism of action as an inhibitor of ADP-induced activation. When patients received only a loading dose of clopidogrel prior to PCI, 40% did not gain measurable inhibition of their ADP-induced platelet activity (inhibition of 10% or less). Prolongation of treatment so that all patients had reached a plateau of inhibition exerted by clopidogrel, decreased the incidence of non-responders to 20%. Polymorphisms of COX-1 and GP VI, as well as diabetes and female gender, were associated with decreased in vitro aspirin efficacy. Diabetes also impaired the in vitro efficacy of short-term clopidogrel. Decreased response to clopidogrel was associated with limited inhibition by ARMX, an antagonist of P2Y12-receptor, suggesting the reason for clopidogrel resistance to be receptor-dependent. Conclusions: Considerable numbers of CAD patients were non-responders either to aspirin, clopidogrel or both. In the future, platelet function tests may be helpful to individually select effective and safe antiplatelet medication for these patients.

Network flow-control using asynchronous stochastic approximation

We propose several stochastic approximation implementations for related algorithms in flow-control of communication networks. First, a discrete-time implementation of Kelly's primal flow-control algorithm is proposed. Convergence with probability 1 is shown, even in the presence of communication delays and stochastic effects seen in link congestion indications. This ensues from an analysis of the flow-control algorithm using the asynchronous stochastic approximation (ASA) framework. Two relevant enhancements are then pursued: a) an implementation of the primal algorithm using second-order information, and b) an implementation where edge-routers rectify misbehaving flows. Next, discretetime implementations of Kelly's dual algorithm and primaldual algorithm are proposed. Simulation results a) verifying the proposed algorithms and, b) comparing the stability properties are presented.