277 resultados para Leopardo - Parasito


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Os programas de controle direcionados aos parasitas ainda exigem a utiliza- ção de produtos químicos para maior estabilidade operacional das ações de controle e o uso de carrapaticidas químicos é a principal ferramenta de controle para as infestações do carrapato dos bovinos. A correta escolha de princípios ativos capazes de controlar as infestações nos rebanhos é uma necessidade premente, devido ao rápido surgimento e estabelecimento de populações de carrapatos resistentes. A utilização de técnicas fenotípicas de avaliação in vitro da suscetibilidade de carrapatos às bases pesticidas são ainda o método mais prático e de maior aceitação para se diagnosticar e mensurar o grau da resistência às bases carrapaticidas nas populações, porém provas diagnósticas moleculares estão sendo desenvolvidas e utilizadas para a identificação de populações do carrapato dos bovinos resistentes às principais moléculas utilizadas em seu controle. A rápida e acurada identificação da resistência à pesticidas nas populações do carrapato dos bovinos deve ser considerada como uma demanda prioritária para reduzir a dependência química relacionada ao controle das infestações, mitigar a contaminação ambiental determinada pelos pesticidas e eliminar a presença de resíduos parasiticidas nos alimentos. Lembrando que, a identificação de produtos de degradação de fármacos parasiticidas em produtos de origem animal se apresenta como uma barreira não tarifária que será cada vez mais explorada pelo competitivo mercado internacional de produtos cárneos e lácteos.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, 2016.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2015.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study describes the hematological alterations in Astyanax altiparanae associated with infestation with Lernaea cyprinacea. The study was carried out in a lagoon of the Mogi- Guaçu River, in the municipality of Pirassununga, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of 46 fish examined, 45.6% had their integument infested by L. cyprinacea, with a mean intensity of 4.9 parasites per fish and a mean abundance of 2.2, giving a total of 139 recovered crustaceans. The abundance of L. cyprinacea correlated positively with the length and weight of the hosts, and the intensity of infestation was higher in female hosts. Macroscopic observation of lesions associated with the parasite showed a severe inflammatory reaction around the site of attachment of L. cyprinacea, associated with a lower relative condition factor and blood parameters. The hematocrit, number of red blood cells and thrombocytes were higher in non-parasitized than in parasitized fish. However, the hemoglobin concentration, hematimetric indices and the number of white blood cells were not influenced by infestation.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tricodinídeos são protozoários ciliados móveis com ampla distribuição mundial; são considerados um dos agentes parasitários que mais acometem peixes cultivados. No Brasil, a maioria dos tricodinídeos que parasitam importantes espécies de peixes cultivados são desconhecidos, o que requer mais estudos taxonômicos com esse grupo de parasitos. Este estudo caracteriza morfologicamente Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, 2005 de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e do híbrido patinga (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus) cultivados, respectivamente, no Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram feitas montagens a fresco do raspado de muco da pele, nadadeiras e brânquias, fixados com metanol e, posteriormente, impregnados com nitrato de prata e coradas com Giemsa para avaliação em microscopia óptica. O presente estudo relata não só a segunda ocorrência de T. colisae no mundo, mas também a primeira ocorrência na América do Sul.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever os princípios básicos para o monitoramento da parasitofauna de peixes, especialmente das brânquias e muco e consiste no primeiro passo para viabilizar a padronização de ferramentas para auxiliar o produtor a realizar o monitoramento sanitário em sua produção. Esta é uma metodologia simples e acessível, adaptada em laboratório da Embrapa Meio Ambiente para monitorar o estado de saúde dos peixes mantidos em experimentos laboratoriais, e que também pode ser utilizada no campo pelos técnicos e piscicultores.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Investigou-se a relação entre as características da água e a infestação de protozoários parasitos, Icthyophthirius multifiliis e Trichodina sp., em peixe espada, Xiphophorus helleri e em plati, Xiphophorus maculatus, coletados em uma piscicultura de peixes ornamentais no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os peixes foram coletados mensalmente, durante um ano, dos viveiros e das caixas de estocagem. A prevalência da infestação nos peixes das caixas e dos viveiros foram, respectivamente, 34,2% e 22,5% para I. multifiliis e 13% e 54% para Trichodina sp. A elevada condutividade elétrica e o pH da água reduziram a infestação por I. multifiliis. A baixa concentração de oxigênio resultou em aumento na infestação por Trichodina sp. O uso do sal, para aumentar a condutividade elétrica da água, consistiu em um método de controle de I. multifiliis. A redução do oxigênio dissolvido e a adição de fertilizante orgânico favoreceram a reprodução de Trichodina sp.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier) and Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider) (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) are coastal pelagic fish species. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of parasitism by isopods and the reproductive biology of the leather jack, Oligoplites spp. A total of 113 individuals of Oligoplites spp (35 of O. saurus and 78 of O. palometa) were captured during the period between January, 2005 and July, 2007 from the coastal waters of Natal, RN. The morphometric and meristic characters were registered; macroscopic analyses were done to collect the isopod parasites and the gonads were observed to verify the reproductive aspects. The crustacean isopod parasite, Cymothoa spinipalpa (Isopoda: Cymothidae) was encountered on the tongue in the oral cavity in both fish hosts. The parasitic indices of C. spinipalpa showed high values of prevalance of 51,4% for O. saurus and 64,1% for O. palometa. The host presented significant correlations between body mass and body length of O. palometa and the number of parasites. Body lengths of female C. spinipalpa were small due to the limited space available in the oral cavity of the host. There was a significant difference in the sex ratio of O. palometa, males outnumbered the females. The isopod parasites showed specificity to the oral cavity of hosts. Macroscopic analyses of gonads showed four stages of gonadal development for both sex of O. palometa: immature, maturing, mature and spent

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Sandflies stand out as important vectors of leishmaniasis. The females need to ingest blood meals, enabling them to transmit protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which may give rise to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), in addition to transmitting other parasites. Leishmaniasis are important infirmities, distributed worldwide, whose infection results from the interaction of reservoir animals, the vector insect, parasitic protozoa and the healthy host. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, these insects are important transmitters of VL, which usually presents in the most serious form. It occurs mainly in metropolitan areas, with the dog as its main reservoir and Lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector. ATL is most present in the highland areas of the state. In addition to hematophagia, engaged in by the females, both sexes need to ingest carbohydrates, which are essential to the sand flies energy requirements and may interfere in the development of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and abundance of sand flies in different environments on the farm belonging to the Empresa de Pesquisas Agropecuárias do RN (Institute of Agricultural Research of RN), in the municipality of Parnamirim, in order to relate this occurrence with climatological and biological references and eating habits. Three consecutive monthly collections were carried out with CDC traps in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest, in a residence, on a goat breeding farm and on cashew, dwarf and giant coconut, mango, banana, eucalyptus, acacia and bean plantations. A total of 1241 sandflies from eight species (Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia shannoni, Lutzomyia sordellii Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia wellcomei, Lutzomyia whitmani, and Lutzomyia intermedia) were collected, most in the forest environment. L. longipalpis, the main VL transmitter, was confirmed as a species adapted to anthropic environments, whereas others such as L. wellcomei, the vector of ATL, occurred predominantly in forests. Carbohydrate characterization of the sand flies and plants of the region demonstrated that a number of exotic plants such as hay and eucalyptus may play some role in the adaptation of these species to modified environments. Breeding in laboratory showed a mean biological cycle of 53.5 days from egg to adulthood for L. shannoni and the possibility of diapause behavior in L. wellcomei. This study serves as a source of information that may contribute to the epidemiological vigilance of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in the state, given that it analyzes the bioecology of transmitting species, as well as their potential to adapt to new environments

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Toxoplasmosis is one zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii protozoan. Goats, amongst the production animals, are one of the species most susceptible to this parasite, being one them main involved agents in ovine and goat abortions, determining great economic losses and implications for public health, since the presence it parasite in the products of goat origin, consist in one of the main sources of infection for the man. In this study 244 blood samples in 8 farms situated in 4 cities from the Sertão do Cabugi region, Rio Grande do Norte State, northeast of Brazil and, tested by ELISA assay. The results had shown a prevalence of 47.13% for anti- T. gondii antibodies and a significant association between positivity and variable evaluated as age, locality and property. The IgG avidity assay evaluated in 115 positive samples was carried to discriminate acute and chronic infection. Twelve samples (10.4%) had presented antibodies of low avidity while 103 (89.6%) presented high avidity antibodies; indicating that most of the animals was precocious exposure to the parasite. Significant difference was verified only for the variable sex. We also evaluate the capacity of recombinant adenoviruses codifying SAG1, SAG2, SAG3 and CMV in inducing activation of specific immune response in goat. These 109 animals received 109 pfu of the AdSAG1, AdSAG2, AdSAG3, AdCMV or PBS in vaccine protocol with 3 immunizations. Serum samples of the each animal, before and after mmunization, had been submitted to the ELISA. The results demonstrate that the immunizations had induced the production of IgG antibodies specific against T. gondii proteins

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL?1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL?1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL?1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL?1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL?1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a primo-infecção por Babesia spp. em bezerras de áreas de instabilidade do Piauí.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de alta temperatura na transmissão transovariana de Babesia spp. pelo Riphicephalus microplus.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Host-parasite interactions between crustaceans and six fish species (Psectrogaster falcata, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Serrasalmus gibbus and Geophagus proximus) from a reservoir in eastern Amazon, northern Brazil, were investigated. Eight hundred and seventy-eight parasites belonging to three crustacean species, Excorallana berbicensis, Argulus chicomendesi and Ergasilus turucuyus, which parasitized the hosts? mouth, gills and tegument, were collected from 295 fish and examined. High infestation levels were caused by E. berbicensis on the body surface of the hosts. Excorallana berbicensis showed aggregate dispersion, except in S. gibbus, while E. turucuyus showed random dispersion in A. falcirostris. The host?s sex did not influence infestation by E. berbicensis, and high parasitism failed to affect the body conditions of the fish. In the case of some hosts, rainfall rates, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels and water pH affected the prevalence and abundance of E. berbicensis, the dominant parasite species. Results revealed that the environment and life-style of the hosts were determining factors in infestations by parasites. Current assay is the first report on E. berbicensis for the six hosts, as well as on A. chicomendesi for G. proximus and P. falcata.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Foram testados os efeitos, in vitro, de 160, 320, 640, 1280 e 2560 mg/L do óleo essencial (OE) de Lippia alba contra Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium boegeri das brânquias de tambaqui. 1280 mg/L e 2560 mg/L mostraram 100% de eficácia in vitro após 20 minutos de exposição ao OE, enquanto nas menores concentrações a eficácia foi após 2-3 h. Nos controles a mortalidade ocorreu em 9 h. Em seguida, 240 alevinos de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (11,0±1,0 cm e 44,0±10,0 g) foram distribuídos em 4 tratamentos (20 peixes por repetição) e 3 repetições nos banhos com 100 e 150 mg/L de OE, durante 30 minutos e a eficácia contra Ichthyophthirius multifiliis foi 40,7% e 50,3% em peixes expostos a 100 e 150 mg/L do OE, respectivamente. Para monogenoideas houve eficácia de 14,0% somente nos peixes expostos a 100 mg/L do OE, que tiveram aumento de glicose plasmática e variações nos níveis de proteínas totais, hemoglobina, hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, trombócitos e leucócitos sanguíneos e severas alterações histopatológicas nas brânquias. Óleo essencial de L. alba mostrou grande potencial no tratamento antiparasitário in vitro contra monogenoideas e eficácia in vivo contra protozoários I. multifiliis.