Increased hydrolysis by Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for omega-3 fatty acids in the presence of a protic ionic liquid

We report that the hydrolytic performance of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, TLL, and its selectivity towards concentrating clinically important omega 3 fatty acids was increased by the addition of a protic ionic liquid, pIL, Triethylammonium mesylate, TeaMs. We show that TeaMs has a structure altering effect on TLL, changing both the secondary and tertiary structure of TLL. The thermal activity of TLL was also significantly enhanced by the addition of TeaMs.

Secondary bonding in para-substituted diphenyltellurium dichlorides (p-XC6H4)2TeCl2 (X = H, Me, MeO) probed by 125Te MAS NMR spectroscopy. Crystal and molecular structure of (p-MeC6H4)2TeCl2

The solid-state structures of the previously known para-substituted diphenyltellurium dichlorides, (p-XC₆H₄)₂TeCl₂ (X=H (1), Me (2), MeO (3)) were investigated by ¹²⁵Te MAS NMR spectroscopy and in case of 2 by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ¹²⁵Te-NMR shielding anisotropy (SA) was studied by tensor analyses based on relative intensities of the observed spinning sidebands. Solid-state NMR parameters, namely the isotropic chemical shift (δ_iso), anisotropy (ζ) and asymmetry (η), were discussed in relation to the molecular structures established by X-ray crystallography. The asymmetry (η) was found to be particularly sensitive to structural differences stemming mostly from the diverse secondary Te...Cl interactions, but no correlation with geometric parameters could be established.

Synthesis and molecular structure of [n-Bu2(F)SnOSn(F)t-Bu2]2 - an unsymmetrically substituted tetraorganodistannoxane

The dimeric tetraorganodistannoxane [n-Bu₂(F)SnOSn(F)t-Bu₂]₂ (1) was prepared by the reaction of (t-Bu₂SnO)₃ with n-Bu₂SnF₂ and characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and ESI MS spectrometry and in the solid state by ¹¹⁹Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Sources of liquidity commonality, asymmetric information and ownership structure in emerging markets : evidence from the Chinese stock market

Xinwei Zheng examines if common factors of liquidity can be determined by ownership structure measured by asymmetric information in an emerging market that has adopted an order-driven trading system. Using China as a case for the study, I select a broad sample of stocks from two separate Chinese stock exchanges to measure and
analyse the relationship. My empirical evidence seems significant and pervasive. These findings about the Chinese stock market provide useful pointers for understanding commonality in emerging economies and shed critical light
on a new dimension of the working of emerging markets.

The importance of family management, closeness with father and family structure in early adolescent alcohol use

Aims To examine the importance of family management, family structure and father–adolescent relationships on early adolescent alcohol use.

Design Cross-sectional data was collected across 30 randomly selected Australian communities stratified to represent a range of socio-economic and regional variation.

Setting Data were collected during school time from adolescents attending a broad range of schools.

Participants The sample consisted of a combined 8256 students (aged 10–14 years).

Measurements Students completed a web-based survey as part of the Healthy Neighbourhoods project.

Findings Family management—which included practices such as parental monitoring and family rules about alcohol use—had the strongest and most consistent relationship with alcohol use in early adolescence. Adolescents reporting higher family management were less likely to have drunk alcohol in their life-time, less likely to drink alcohol in the preceding 30 days and less likely to have had an alcohol binge. Adolescents reporting emotionally close relationships with their fathers were less likely to have drunk alcohol in their life-time and less likely to have had an alcohol binge in the preceding fortnight.

Conclusions Findings indicate that family management practices may contribute to alcohol abstinence in adolescents. Furthermore, emotionally close father–adolescent relationships may also foster abstinence; however, fathers’ drinking behaviours need to be considered.