Caracterização das capturas de tartaruga careta (Caretta caretta) e influência de parâmetros ambientais e pesqueiros, na pesca dirigida ao espadarte (Xiphias gladius) nos Açores

Dissertação de mest., Estudos Marinhos e Costeiros, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2005

Asma - perfil de uma patologia crónica multifactorial: processo inflamatório e abordagem farmacoterapêutica

Fundamentado numa pesquisa bibliográfica exaustiva, o presente trabalho pretende identificar os vários fenótipos da asma que afectam a população, assim como os mecanismos celulares e moleculares que conduzem ao processo de inflamação crónica e de remodelação brônquica característicos desta patologia. Hoje a terapêutica farmacológica da asma, encontra-se dirigida à prevenção de exacerbações pelo controlo da inflamação ou à reversibilidade da obstrução brônquica resultante das mesmas. Assim com a ambição de definir um tratamento mais eficiente que eventualmente leve à cura, vários imunomoduladores têm sido desenvolvidos, sobre os quais recairá alguma da atenção neste estudo. Entre Março e Setembro de 2011, foi recolhida informação bibliográfica, recorrendo a livros, artigos e bases de dados online, procurando sempre as fontes com informação mais actual e fidedigna disponível. Depois de investigados os vários intervenientes nos processos de inflamação e remodelação brônquicas e a forma como interagem entre si, avaliaram-se algumas das novas moléculas disponíveis para o tratamento da asma, actualmente em fase de ensaios clínicos. Alguns destes fármacos revelam-se promissores no tratamento de alguns fenótipos específico de asma. Considerada uma doença bastante complexa e heterogénea, é agora perceptível que a asma, não é apenas determinada por uma resposta linfocitária Th2, mas reflecte antes uma constante mudança na resposta imunitária, que compreende uma complexa rede de sinais efectores e regulatórios entre as células estruturais e diversos leucócitos. Assim a contínua busca de novos tratamentos passará pela modulação conjunta de vários mediadores, com o objectivo de alterar alguma

Recreational shore fishing in southern Portugal: biological and socio-economic aspects and perspectives for management

Although overfishing is a concern for many fish stocks, it was for a long time only associated with commercial fishing exploitation, with less or no attention being given to the recreational fisheries. Recent research has shown however that the impact of recreational fishing on particular species can be considerable, and that the recreational harvest needs to be taken into account if fisheries are to be accurately assessed and effectively managed. In Portugal, the first recreational fishing regulations were only recently implemented. However, mirroring other European countries, regulations lacked scientific support, and specific knowledge of the activity was limited to a few studies with limited coverage. This thesis aimed to characterize the biological and socioeconomic aspects of the recreational shore angling activity in southern Portugal, to investigate whether the regulations in place were adequate and effective, and to provide recommendations for improved management and conservation of the inshore fisheries resources. A combined aerial-roving survey was conducted to gather data on fishing effort, catch, fishing trips and socioeconomic aspects (including anglers’ perceptions of regulations) of the recreational angling activity. The analysis of anglers’ catches suggested that compliance with daily bag limits was high, with less than 0.5% of creels exceeding the 10 kg angler-1 day-1 bag limit. Overall, 11.5% of the retained fishes were undersized, but non-compliance with minimum size limits was found to be high for some species (e.g. seabass, 73% undersized). In terms of the impact of recreational shore angling, the total estimated catches corresponded to less than 1% of the commercial landings for the same period (shared species). However, shore angling catches for white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) were found to be considerable, corresponding to 65% of the commercial landings (39.4% of total catch). In terms of anglers’ perceptions about the recreational fishing regulations in Portugal, the present study has shown that the majority of anglers accepted the existence of some kind of SRF regulations, but in general there was a partial or total disagreement with the recreational fishing restrictions recently put in place. Most anglers perceived themselves as not being involved in the decision-making process and claimed that some restrictions lacked a meaningful rationale (e.g. prohibition of fishing from piers/jetties). Fishers’ awareness with regard to specific aspects of the restrictions (such as the rationale for minimum size limits) was found to be very limited. During the same period, catches from sport fishing competitions were examined to test for differences with the recreational activity in terms of catches, and evaluate long term trends in catch and mean size of fish. Catches of the sport fishing competitions were found to be different from those observed for recreational fishing, being dominated by different species (e.g. garfish, mullets), and suggesting different fishing strategies of the the two types of anglers. High percentages of undersized fish were observed to be captured (and retained) during the competitions (in particular seabass, with 100% undersized), probably as a result of a single allowable minimum size (AMS) of 15 cm for all species in use in competitions. Lastly, catch and release fishing experiments were carried out to assess post-release mortality of three recreationally important species: two banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris; black sea bream Spondyliosoma cantharus; and gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Post-release mortalities were found to be low (0-12%). The main predictor of mortality for Sparus aurata was anatomical hooking location, with 63% of the fishes that died being deeply hooked. The results support the release of fish, either from mandatory (e.g. minimum landing sizes) or voluntary practices. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated that the impact of recreational fishing for particular species is significant and needs to be taken into account for more effective management and stock assessment purposes. It has also highlighted several management issues that should be addressed in order to promote more adequate regulations in the future and prevent noncompliance issues. A periodic monitoring of the recreational fishing activity including all fishing modes (i.e. spear fishing, boat, and shore angling) would also be beneficial to ensure a timely knowledge on the global recreational fishing activity and support future management actions.

Technical and economic viability of traps in the portuguese fishery of deepwater rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris)

Dissertação de mestrado, Aquacultura e Pescas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015