Infection of the central nervous system by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (the new neurotuberculosis)

Neurologic complications of HIV infection are numerous. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, diagnostic particularities and therapeutic issues of neurotuberculosis. The pertinent literature describing this important infection is succinctly summarized with a particular emphasis on the discussion of differences in clinical presentation between HIV-infected and -uninfected patients.

Assessment of interstitial lung disease in Sjögren’s syndrome by lung ultrasound: a pilot study of correlation with high-resolution chest tomography

The background of this study is to assess the accuracy of lung ultrasound (LUS) to diagnose interstitial lung disease (ILD) in Sjögren’s syndrome (Sjs), in patients who have any alterations in pulmonary function tests (PFT) or respiratory symptoms. LUS was correlated with chest tomography (hrCT), considering it as the imaging gold standard technique to diagnose ILD. This is a pilot, multicenter, cross-sectional, and consecutive-case study. The inclusion criteria are ≥18 years old, Signs and symptoms: according to ACEG 2002 criteria, respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), or any alterations in PFR. LUS was done following the International Consensus Conference on Lung Ultrasound protocol for interstitial syndrome (B pattern). Of the 50 patients in follow-up, 13 (26%) met the inclusion criteria. All were women with age 63.62 years (range 39–88). 78.6% of the cases had primary Sjs (SLE, RA, n = 2). The intra-rater reliability k is 1, according to Gwet’s Ac1 and GI index (probability to concordance—e(K)—, by Cohen, of 0.52). LUS has a sensitivity of 1 (95% CI 0.398–1.0), specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.518–0.997), and a positive probability reason of 9.00 (95% CI 7.1–11.3) to detect ILD. The correlation of Pearson is r = 0.84 (p < 0.001). To check the accuracy of LUS to diagnose ILD, a completely bilateral criterion of yes/no for interstitial pattern was chosen, AUC reaches significance, 0.94 (0.07) (95% CI 0.81–1.0, p = 0.014). LUS reaches an excellent correlation to hrCT in Sjs affected with ILD, and might be a useful technique in daily clinical practice for the assessment of pulmonary disease in the sicca syndrome. © 2016 SIMI

Aprendizaje integrado de Epidemiología y Bioestadística en el Grado de Medicina: valoración de los estudiantes

Los objetivos fueron conocer la valoración de los alumnos de 2º de Medicina sobre la inte-gración Epidemiología-Bioestadística y comparar su percepción a comienzo y final de curso. Se elaboraron dos cuestionarios con afirmaciones que los alumnos valoraron mediante una escala tipo Likert. Participaron 102 estudiantes. Para comparar los resultados a principio y final de curso se utilizó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. El 83% creía al finalizar el curso que comprendían la importancia de Epidemiología-Bioestadística en Medicina y les parecía interesante estudiarlas de forma integrada. Al inicio de curso, un 46,1% pensaba que la asignatura iba a ser interesante y al final este porcentaje fue 69,6%. Al inicio, el 69,6% veía la relación entre la Medicina y la Estadística y al final, el 83,3%. El 41% creía al inicio que iban a adquirir competencias fundamentales para el desempeño profesional y al final lo creía el 57,8%.