Benefícios na execução de uma obra sustentável em contrapartida aos métodos tradicionais da construção civil

The civil construction sector in Brazil is, simultaneously, a necessity that drives the economy and an evil that degrades the environment. Simple choices adopted in an enterprise can make big difference in harm caused by constructive practices, minimizing its harmful to the environment and making it sustainable. These choices, however, involve the use of materials and techniques often unknown by the builders, since the construction industry is very traditional. Even worse, the eco-friendly materials and sustainable techniques also face another obstacle to its use: the prejudice. Builders and customers prefer traditional methods to sustain belief that they present lower quality and higher price. This work raises awareness of the urgency with traditional methods must be overridden, showing practical and simple ways for this replacement, as well as confirm the quality equal to or even higher in the use of alternative materials and techniques, without addition in cost. Thus, the benefits are generated for all parties involved, from builders to residents

Análise de misturas solo-agregado reciclados de resíduos sólidos da construção civil, para fins de pavimentação de vias urbanas de baixo volume de tráfego

This work deals with the continuation of Scientific Initiation research initiated by Tamura (2012), which draws up a mixture of soil and recycled aggregate analysis for paving of low traffic volume roads using local materials from the Vale do Paraíba region. The main steps of the process were the soil and recycled aggregate characterization, along with grading tests and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) applied to the soil, the recycled aggregate and the mixture of soil and recycled aggregate; aiming their use as base and sub-base in paving urban roads. The results are discussed, emphasizing the mechanical behavior. The current results are compared with the results of IC Tamura research, taking decisions over this job to the final product best result. For a greater understanding of the work in general were described paving, its structure, its components and its physical behavior. It has been intended to emphasize the importance of the mixture of soil and recycled aggregate to meet the quality requirements and compliance with the specifications of current technical standards, in the context of durability, natural materials economy, decreases volume in landfills and cost reduction

Construção Enxuta e a utilização dos seus conceitos por construtoras paulistas certificadas segundo o PBQP-H e o QUALIHAB

The civil construction sector has been stimulated to industrialize itself by the adoption of Lean Construction practices in its constructive process. Given this fact, this research verify and identify Lean Tools and the level of application of these Tools in construction companies in the State of São Paulo, in order to be able to notice which Lean Concepts generate the highest benefits to these companies. The research method used was a survey applied only between construction companies that have some type of quality certificate. From the results, a data analysis was made in order to note the constructor's situation in relation to Lean Construction and, based on this analysis, verify the impact of the Lean Principles on the competitiveness of these companies and on the business performance. This way, it was possible to note a high level of application the Lean Tools by the responding companies. It also became clear, by means of this work: the strong influence of the concepts of Flow, of Continuous Improvement and of methods of prevention and resolutions of problems on the overall companies performance

Estudo do grau de modernização e mecanização nas obras de construção civil: estudo de caso - cidade de Lorena

This paper had as emphasis the study of the mechanization and modernization of the construction job sites of the city of Lorena located in the Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo. From the literature review on this topic, it was possible to understand the main causes of the delay in the job sites relating to the new technology available. The research on the history of construction and equipment evolution, along with interviews with workers, engineers and architects, it was possible to analyze the current situation. One of the main intentions of this study was to propose guidelines for the modernization of the construction sites

Gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil: análise e atualização dos estudos realizados na UNESP-FEG para o município de Guaratinguetá

The construction industry is a large consumer of natural resources and one of the largest generators of residues with significant impacts on the environment. Because of the large production of Construction Industry Residues (RCC), it is essential reliable and updated information about generation, composition and classification sources of these residues, especially for management, recycling and final disposal. RCC represent the most part of solid residues generated in a city. In this way, the management of these residues is an issue that is gaining increasing importance in the Brazilian scenario, since the legal and society requirements to internalize the sustainability in the construction process - since the extraction, use, wastage savings, reutilization until the appropriate discard has been increasing in the last years. The present work objective is updating the quantities produced and collected in Guaratinguetá-SP, based on data collected with the municipal administrative entities that act direct or indirectly in the RCC management, elaborate a detailed bibliographic review, with special attention to the graduate works that were realized in FEG about this theme. With this material, scenarios to a better adequacy of the administrative structure to managements RCC activities, as well as was suggested actions to achieve these scenarios

Viabilidade técnica e econômica do superadobe na construção de casas populares

The need for affordable housing and the high cost of today's building materials make necessary to look for useful and affordable technologies for these house buildings. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of construction technology called Earthbag for use in public housing. Technical assessments were based on Kiffmeyer and Hunter's book (2004), academics dissertations and construction standards for the technology. The result allowed a positive evaluation towards the feasibility proposal and showing the possibility of replace the use of structural concrete blocks in public housing. The economic viability was performed an economical compared to a project Housing Project Bom Retiro 2 with one of Earthbag which have been shown considerable savings between the techniques. For the construction of masonry, build with purchased sand, 13% lower budget was found in comparison of a concrete masonry block. With the use of sand from the work site itself, there is a saving of 18%. Although earthbag has proven to be a technically and economically feasible for application in the construction of affordable housing, the shortage of technical and scientific studies and Brazilian regulations on this technology has limited its large-scale use

Estudo sobre o uso de agregados reciclados na composição de concretos e argamassas

Two of the major problems caused by construction activity are the production of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and the exploitation of mineral resources, causing big impacts on the environment. Therefore, the recycling has been shown as an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of waste on the urban environment and prevent the exploitation of new raw materials. This course work aims to study the behavior of recycled aggregates from Vale do Paraíba in concrete and mortar. Initially, it presents the definitions of recycled aggregates according to CONAMA Resolution No. 307/2002, the aggregate settings for concrete and mortar (such as the grain size, its origin and density, and the characterization parameters according to ABNT), and the definition of ACI method of concrete mix design. Afterwards, it presents the characterization of materials separated by assays. After that, it shows the theoretical concrete proportioning applying the ACI method and experimental concrete proportioning. Then, the analysis of results is performed to finally conclude that the materials provided can't be used to replace natural aggregates because they cannot have the same performance. With the studies, it could be observed that the recycled aggregate presents a great complexity and diversity in origin, therefore the form how the material should be handled requires great care

Aproveitamento da água de chuva para fins não potáveis para um condomínio sustentável: um estudo de caso

The End of Course Work this aims, the hydrological cycle of water on our planet, and explain about its importance in the lives of living beings, finally, carry out a detailed analysis regarding the financial feasibility of implementing a system Shauer sustainable in the condominium, the first being the pickup of river water, which will use a reservoir for capitation and filtering, a reservoir for water storage filtered and pumps that will redirects it to outside faucets and toilets use in residences

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Da coordenação modular à construção modular: estudos de caso

The presented work aimed to present the Modular Construction scenario, relating it to the fundamentals assumptions on the Modular Coordination Theory. The presentation of this theory, its historical development, its scope and tools, were conceived to further, show how the applicability on the conceptual and design phases is done. Also, studies cases are shown, in order to illustrate didactically how this process occurs. Basing on these studies, considerations are made about the use of modulation in projects in Brazil, at the expense of what happens on the international scenario, to highlight the importance of Modular Coordination for raising the standards of construction quality and rationality in the country

Avaliação da rigidez torcional do chassi de um protótipo Baja SAE através do método de elementos finitos e de ensaio experimental

The torsional stiffness of chassis is one of the most important properties of a vehicle's structure and therefore its measurement is important. For the first time, the torsional stiffness was considered on the design of a prototype Baja SAE of the team from UNESP - FEG, Equipe Piratas do Vale Bardahl. According to the team's opinion, the increase of stiffness on this prototype, called MB1114, made possible a great improvement in its performance during competitions. In this work, the experimental evaluation of the torsional stiffness from this prototype is performed, detailing the analysis of results, as well as, the hysteresis' effect, least-squares regression and uncertainty analysis. It also shows that it is possible to measure the torsional stiffness of chassis with a low experimental uncertainty without expending many resources. The test rig costed R$ 32,50 due the reuse of materials and the use of instrumentation already available on campus. Furthermore, it is simple to produce and can be easily stocked. Those features are important for Baja and Formula SAE teams. Lastly, the measured value is used to validate the finite element analysis performed by the team during this prototype's design, because similar studies will be performed for the new cars. After investigating the finite element analysis, one result 13,5% higher than the measured value was reached. This difference is believed to be occurred due the imperfections of the finite element model, in other words, for not been possible to simulate every phenomena present on the real model

Avaliação do software Autodesk Revit 2016 para quantificação por meio da modelagem da informação da construção

The building budgeting quickly and accurately is a challenge faced by the companies in the sector. The cost estimation process is performed from the quantity takeoff and this process of quantification, historically, through the analysis of the project, scope of work and project information contained in 2D design, text files and spreadsheets. This method, in many cases, present itself flawed, influencing the making management decisions, once it is closely coupled to time and cost management. In this scenario, this work intends to make a critical analysis of conventional process of quantity takeoff, from the quantification through 2D designs, and with the use of the software Autodesk Revit 2016, which uses the concepts of building information modeling for automated quantity takeoff of 3D model construction. It is noted that the 3D modeling process should be aligned with the goals of budgeting. The use of BIM technology programs provides several benefits compared to traditional quantity takeoff process, representing gains in productivity, transparency and assertiveness

Algumas técnicas de construção de alguns poliedros e suas aplicações no ensino

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

Projeto de condomínio residencial sustentável

It's devised in this work the starting project for the implementation of a residential condominium, focused in the use of technics and technologies to attain sustainability, also stretching to the pilot project for the model house. It's highlighted the methods for exploitation and reuse of water, energy conservation and reduction of environmental impacts. The proposal is to demonstrate the possibility of the use of simple, but effective, ecology technics to make an environmentally sustainable and economically viable project. The main motivators for this work is the growing hydric crisis faced by São Paulo state and the unpaired importance of the sustainability concept as the fundamental term to surmount the challenge of supplying the needs of the current generation without jeopardizing the future of the next generations

Avaliação das causas e consequências das patologias dos sistemas impermeabilizantes: um estudo de caso

This work aims to assess a case ofwaterproofing pathology, from the presentation of the pathological manifestations, thecharacterization and quantification of negotiationsproposals. With these data, graphs were elaborated with thepurpose ofemphasizing the cost increase from the time of intervention, to give an increase of 1,429.00 % inthe presented study. Also show the proportion of spending on finishes and waterproofing,demonstratingthe greatinfluence of the finishes in the composition of the treatment costs. Inthisstudy, it was foundthat these finishes made up89% of the total cost. In the bibliographic reference, presented to the active mechanisms, the characterization of waterproofing systems and the most common pathologies. It follows the importance of sealing to ensure integrity of a construction