Influência da bacia hidrográfica e características espaço-temporais de variáveis limnológicas sobre reservatórios no Rio Jacuí - RS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos causados por chuvas intensas nas variáveis limnológicas e assembléias zooplanctônicas dos reservatórios de Chavantes e Salto Grande (Rio Paranapanema SP/PR)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influência de um período de chuvas intensas sobre as assembléias zooplanctônicas e variáveis limnológicas dos reservatórios de Chavantes e Salto Grande. Em função das precipitações elevadas, o tempo de residência da água durante o período de verão 2009/2010 (período imediatamente anterior às coletas) foi o mais baixo da década (1999-2010), tanto para Chavantes como para Salto Grande. As variáveis analisadas foram: transparência, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, material em suspensão, clorofila a e nutrientes (nitrogênio total, fósforo total e silicato dissolvido). A turbidez foi a variável que mais se alterou, apresentando um aumento notável com o incremento das chuvas. A transparência e o material em suspensão também apresentaram grande alteração, sendo que a primeira variável diminuiu com a maior quantidade de chuvas e a segunda aumentou. Os valores de fósforo total e silicato dissolvido diminuíram com o aumento das chuvas, sendo que para o silicato a variação foi mais expressiva e para o fósforo o decréscimo foi mais acentuado em Chavantes do que em Salto Grande. Para as outras variáveis limnológicas, bem como para o zooplâncton, os dois reservatórios apresentaram comportamentos diferentes quanto às alterações pluviométricas. A temperatura variou mais em Chavantes. Condutividade elétrica e pH apresentaram relação com a temperatura e o oxigênio dissolvido não teve muita alteração com as mudanças pluviométricas. Os atributos analisados para o zooplâncton foram riqueza, composição, abundância (total, por táxon e das fases de desenvolvimento) e diversidade. Comparando os dois reservatórios estudados, foi observado que em Chavantes o aumento pluviométrico teve efeito muito ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Características limnológicas e estrutura trófica das comunidades de peixes de alguns lagos naturais e artificiais do Rio Grande do Norte

Artificial lakes must differ from natural lakes in important structural and functional aspects that need to be understood so that these ecosystems can be properly managed. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the artificial lakes (impoundments) in the semi-arid region of the Rio Grande do Norte State are more eutrophic and turbid and have different trophic structure when compared to the natural coastal lakes that occur in the humid eastern coast of the State. To test this hypothesis, 10 natural lakes and 8 artificial lakes with about 100 ha were sampled between September and November 2005 for the determination of some limnological variables and the abundance of the main fish species, which were grouped in three trophic guilds: facultative piscivores, facultative planktivores and omnivores. The results show that the artificial lakes had significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a , total and volatile suspended solids than the natural lakes. Results also show that the values of pH, total alkalinity, electric conductivity, turbidity as well as the coefficient of vertical attenuation of light were significantly higher in the artificial lakes than in the natural lakes. In the artificial lakes, the abundance of facultative planktivores was significantly higher, while the abundance of facultative piscivores significantly lower than in the natural lakes. There was no significant difference in the abundance of omnivorous fish between the two types of lakes. These results suggest that the increase in turbidity together with the other changes in the water quality of the artificial lakes, modifies the trophic structure of the fish communities reducing the importance of piscivores and the length of the food chains

Composição e abundância da comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associados à Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth e suas relações com as variáveis abióticas em seis lagoas laterais ao Rio paranapanema - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise parasitológica e microbiológica de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) criadas em tanques-rese no reservatório de Água Vermelha-SP e suas inter-relações com as variedades limnológicas e fse de criação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A ictiofauna associada e as condições limnológicas nun sistema de piscicultura em tanques-rede no reservatório de Nova Avanhandava(baixo Rio Tietê, SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos dos pulsos de vazão dos reservatórios do baixo rio Paranapanema (SP/PR) sobre os sistemas de jusante - variáveis físicas, químicas e assembléias zooplanctônicas (Cladocera e Copepoda)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Características limnológicas e estrutura trófica das comunidades de peixes de alguns lagos naturais e artificiais do Rio Grande do Norte

Artificial lakes must differ from natural lakes in important structural and functional aspects that need to be understood so that these ecosystems can be properly managed. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the artificial lakes (impoundments) in the semi-arid region of the Rio Grande do Norte State are more eutrophic and turbid and have different trophic structure when compared to the natural coastal lakes that occur in the humid eastern coast of the State. To test this hypothesis, 10 natural lakes and 8 artificial lakes with about 100 ha were sampled between September and November 2005 for the determination of some limnological variables and the abundance of the main fish species, which were grouped in three trophic guilds: facultative piscivores, facultative planktivores and omnivores. The results show that the artificial lakes had significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a , total and volatile suspended solids than the natural lakes. Results also show that the values of pH, total alkalinity, electric conductivity, turbidity as well as the coefficient of vertical attenuation of light were significantly higher in the artificial lakes than in the natural lakes. In the artificial lakes, the abundance of facultative planktivores was significantly higher, while the abundance of facultative piscivores significantly lower than in the natural lakes. There was no significant difference in the abundance of omnivorous fish between the two types of lakes. These results suggest that the increase in turbidity together with the other changes in the water quality of the artificial lakes, modifies the trophic structure of the fish communities reducing the importance of piscivores and the length of the food chains

Características limnológicas e estrutura trófica das comunidades de peixes de alguns lagos naturais e artificiais do Rio Grande do Norte

Artificial lakes must differ from natural lakes in important structural and functional aspects that need to be understood so that these ecosystems can be properly managed. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the artificial lakes (impoundments) in the semi-arid region of the Rio Grande do Norte State are more eutrophic and turbid and have different trophic structure when compared to the natural coastal lakes that occur in the humid eastern coast of the State. To test this hypothesis, 10 natural lakes and 8 artificial lakes with about 100 ha were sampled between September and November 2005 for the determination of some limnological variables and the abundance of the main fish species, which were grouped in three trophic guilds: facultative piscivores, facultative planktivores and omnivores. The results show that the artificial lakes had significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a , total and volatile suspended solids than the natural lakes. Results also show that the values of pH, total alkalinity, electric conductivity, turbidity as well as the coefficient of vertical attenuation of light were significantly higher in the artificial lakes than in the natural lakes. In the artificial lakes, the abundance of facultative planktivores was significantly higher, while the abundance of facultative piscivores significantly lower than in the natural lakes. There was no significant difference in the abundance of omnivorous fish between the two types of lakes. These results suggest that the increase in turbidity together with the other changes in the water quality of the artificial lakes, modifies the trophic structure of the fish communities reducing the importance of piscivores and the length of the food chains

Avaliação sazonal do grau de trofia em reservatórios do complexo hidrelétrico de Ribeirão das Lajes (Rio de Janeiro)

Com a demanda por energia elétrica nos dias atuais e a grande quantidade de bacias hidrográficas presentes no Brasil, a geração de energia hidrelétrica se tornou a principal forma de suprimento. Dentre as diversas mudanças ocorridas em represamento de rios, a redução na vazão da água influencia no acúmulo de nutrientes afetando diretamente na qualidade da água, podendo acarretar em um processo denominado eutrofização, caracterizado pelo aumento na quantidade de nutrientes em um sistema e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de produtores primários (fitoplâncton e macrófitas aquáticas) em níveis acima do crescimento natural. Para identificar o estado de trofia dos reservatórios pertencentes ao Complexo Hidrelétrico de Ribeirão das Lajes (RJ) foi utilizada a metodologia de Lu e Lo (2002) de avaliação trófica fuzzy (ou difusa) sintética e não sintética, além da avaliação trófica através do índice de estado trófico de Carlson (1977). As classes de estado trófico utilizadas na metodologia é da OECD (1982) e utiliza transparência, concentrações de fósforo total e de clorofila-a como variáveis. Outras variáveis limnológicas como temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, pH e sólidos dissolvidos totais foram utilizadas para caracterização dos reservatórios. As coletas foram realizadas em três momentos, no período seco de 2011, no período chuvoso de 2012 e no período seco de 2012. As análises fuzzy não sintéticas apontaram os reservatórios de Santana, Vigário e Ponte Coberta como oligotrófico/eutrófico durante o período de estudo. O reservatório de Ribeirão das Lajes foi classificado como oligotrófico nos períodos secos no ano de 2011 e 2012, e como mesotrófico no período chuvoso de 2012, assim como o reservatório de Tocos. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o período seco e o chuvoso em relação às concentrações de clorofila-a, transparência e turbidez, demonstrando influência sazonal no grau de trofia dos reservatórios, uma vez que clorofila-a e transparência são variáveis utilizadas em índices de estado trófico

The use of mechanical aeration and its effects on water mass

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dynamics of some limnological characteristics in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) culture tanks as function of handling

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of rainfall on water quality in six sequentially disposed fishponds with continuous water flow

O estudo foi efetuado durante o período de chuva (dezembro-fevereiro) em seis viveiros de produção semi-intensiva de peixes, a fim de avaliar o efeito da chuva na qualidade da água de viveiros que apresentam fluxo contínuo de água, a qual é passada de um viveiro para outro sem tratamento prévio. Foram amostrados oito pontos de coleta nas saídas dos viveiros. O viveiro P1 (próximo à nascente) apresentou as menores concentrações físicas e químicas da água e as maiores no viveiro P4 (considerado um ponto crítico recebendo material alóctone proveniente de outros viveiros e do escoamento do setor de criação de rãs). A disposição seqüencial dos viveiros estudados promoveu aumento nas concentrações dos nutrientes, clorofila-a e condutividade. As chuvas características desta época do ano aumentaram o fluxo de água nos viveiros e conseqüentemente, carreando material particulado e dissolvido de um viveiro para outro e, promovendo um aumento das variáveis limnológicas em direção do P3 ao P6. Os resultados sugerem que a chuva no período de estudo afetou positivamente a qualidade da água dos viveiros estudados, porém, como os sistemas analisados estão dispostos em distribuição seqüencial e escoamento constante da água de viveiros e tanques paralelos sem tratamento prévio, cuidados devem ser averiguados para que o aumento do fluxo de água provocado pelas chuvas não tenha efeito adverso nos viveiros estudados.

Influência do uso e ocupação de solo na qualidade de água de um reservatório mesotrófico na região semiárida tropiocal

In the semiarid region of northeastern of Brazil, the reservoirs are vulnerable to water level seasonal fluctuations, they re related to the hydrological cycle. The rain periods are irregular and there are long periods of drought that increases eutrophication process. That happens because of the water level s reduction and nutrient concentration. The Boqueirao, located in northeastern Brazil , is a mesotrophic reservoir. The reservoir is naturally susceptible to deterioration of water quality. This happens because of the potential diffuse sources arising from the use and occupation of the basin, associated with shallow soil caatinga biome and highly vulnerable to erosion. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the use and occupation of the area around and the water quality of the watershed. A study of the area around the Boqueirão was performed, taking the potentially polluting activities. Limnological variables were monitored monthly in 3 points of the reservoir to assess the water quality. Was evidenced an event of prolonged drought, with rainfall below the historical average for the year of study. By the index of water quality, the watershed was classified as " good " during the whole year of 2012. According to the trophic index adopted the reservoir is characterized as mesotrophic. The main anthropogenic impacts identified in the soil were arboreal selective logging, mining, diffuse contribution of residues from agricultural and livestock activities. The lack of precipitation and the degradation of the surrounding area, affect negatively the water quality, requiring immediate control to prevent degradation of the watershed . Although there wasn t a majority polluting activity in the region. The total of several impacting activities, the high susceptibility of the soil and the selective clearing of caatinga vegetation can accelerate the natural process of eutrophication in the water body

Protozoários de vida livre em ambientes aquáticos do RN: ocorrência, caracterização e importância para a educação básica

Water is considered an essential right to life, besides being a determinant of economic development and social welfare, represented by both the quantity available, and the quality. In semi-arid Northeast, droughts occurring on a regular basis combined with human activities, aggravate the situation regarding the conservation of water resources in this area. To alleviate this condition is common to construction of artificial reservoirs, such as reservoirs and dams. As in natural aquatic environments, these reservoirs are potential sites for the proliferation, growth and development of diverse biological communities, whether of animals, plants and microorganisms. Research on the composition and ecology of these communities, especially microbial, are still restricted. One of the least studied groups in these environments are free-living protozoa, which over time have been neglected and after discoveries about its various functions in the aquatic ecosystem are beginning to receive more attention from scholars. They are, in quantitative terms, the most important consumers of microorganisms (mainly bacteria and algae) in aquatic environments, and therefore control the abundance of these. They may therefore influence the structure of the aquatic food chain in terms of species composition, abundance, biomass and biodiversity. Despite the recognition of the importance of protozoa in the final of the trophic transfer in aquatic environments, there are few data and, in general, are still precarious knowledge of them. Given the importance of protozoa in aquatic environments and the paucity of research on this group, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the present study aimed at identifying the genus and species of free-living protozoa that are present in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Dam as well as to relate the occurrence and dynamics of the trophic conditions in the environment in which they are inserted, in order to support the hypothesis that species that are in these environments can serve to indicate the water quality. We observed the presence of 65 taxa of free-living protozoa, of which 29 were identified at the species level. There was a similarity space in taxonomic composition of protozoa, suggesting a possible regulation of this type of community for limnological variables other than those studied in this work (chlorophyll a, pH, temperature). Although it was aimed to analyze the conceptions of teachers and students from nearby towns Dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, on issues relating to water quality and the role of protozoa. For this, we applied questionnaires with teachers and pupils of public schools of San Rafael and Itajá. It was concluded that teachers and students recognize the multi-dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, although unaware of important aspects of the dynamics and ecology of this environment. Conceptions of teachers and students are matched at various times, especially with regard to waterborne diseases. In an attempt to identify possible misconceptions about the knowledge of the protozoa, assuming that these organisms have neglected their ecological role, and are seen as only, disease, a study was done with teachers and students, following a particular methodology that allowed look so clear and precise results. It was clear that knowledge about the free-living protozoa is still quite limited. The alternative conceptions that were found show a direct relation of protozoans and diseases. From the data obtained by these studies, we planned a series of science communication activities, environmental education and health education in schools close to study environments in order to promote a didactic transposition of accumulated knowledge about these organisms, favoring continuing education of teachers and the increase of information to the local community through the knowledge of biodiversity and ecology of these organisms. Moreover, the results found in this study and reflections on it that led to propose the elaboration of a book Readers with an emphasis on the group of freeliving protozoa in the populations for use in public schools in the region where it was developed the semiarid work