Application of cholesterol determination method to indirectly detect meat and bone meals in ruminant feeds

The aim of this study was to verify the presence of meat and bone meal (MBM) in ruminant feed, by identifying the cholesterol using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The proposed method demonstrated precision, trueness, and capability to detect MBM in the ruminant feed.

Yrityksen arvonmääritys - jälkilaskelmatarkastelu - Amer - Suunto Oy tapauksesta

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yrityskauppaan ja arvonmääritykseen liittyviä taustatekijöitä ostajan näkökulmasta sekä varsinaisen arvonmäärityksen työkaluja. Tutkielman teoriaosuuden päätavoitteena on arvonmäärityksen taustojen ja yleisimpien arvonmääritysmallien selventäminen teoriatasolla ja antaa pohjaa tutkielman empiriaosuuden arvonmääritystyökalujen valinnalle ja käytölle. Tutkimuksen empiriaosuus on tapaustutkimus, jossa luodaan ex post - katsaus urheilu ja vapaa-aika toimialalla toimivan ostetun yrityksen arvoon ja siihen vaikuttaviin tekijöihin. Empiriaosuudessa ensisijaisena tavoitteena on määrittää valitulla arvonmääritystyökalulla julkisten tilinpäätöstietojen pohjalta ostetulle yritykselle arvo. Empiriaosuudessa valitun diskontattuihin vapaisiin kassavirtoihin perustuvan Navita Yritysmalli -työkalun avulla määritetään ostetulle yritykselle arvo. Laskelmien perusteella voidaan todeta, että Suunto Oy on ollut kannattava investointi nykyiselle emoyhtiölleen, vaikka Suunto Oy ei ole yltänytkään aivan kaikkiin emoyhtiön asettamiin tavoitteisiin. Kaupan myötä on syntynyt myös positiivista synergiaa, esimerkiksi Suunnon pääoma on saatu kiertämään nopeammin ja kannattavuus on kasvanut. Suunnon kauppa oli askel kohti Amerin tavoitetta olla maailman johtava urheiluvälinevalmistaja.

Determination of Mn2+ ion by solution scanometry as a new, simple and inexpensive method

In this research, scanometry was used as a new, simple, fast and inexpensive method for a colorimetric determination of Mn2+ ion in water samples and thermocouple wire through the use of periodate reagent in an acidic medium. The results showed the oxidization of colorless Mn2+ ion by periodate and the formation of a purplish MnO4- ion. The system had a linear range of 1.0 to 70.0 µg mL-1 Mn2+ ion with a detection limit of 0.314 µg mL-1 and a relative standard deviation of 2.77% for G color value. This method has the capability to determine low levels of Mn2+ ion in thermocouple wire and water samples.

Heterogeneous labour and the determination of value

Heterogeneity of labour and its implications for the Marxian theory of value has been one of the most controversial issues in the literature of the Marxist political economy. The adoption of Marx's conjecture about a uniform rate of surplus value leads to a simultaneous determination of the values of common and labour commodities of different types and the uniform rate of surplus value. Determination of these variables can be formally represented as a parametric cigenvalue problem. Morishima's and Bródy's earlier results are analysed and given new interpretations in the light of the suggested procedure. The main questions are addressed in a more general context too. The analysis is extended to the problem of segmented labour market, as well.

Hypercapitalism: Language, new media and social perceptions of value

Using examples from contempoary policy and business discourses, and exemplary historical texts dealing with the notion of value, I put forward an argument as to why a critical scholarship that draws on media history, language analysis, philosophy and political economy is necessary to understand the dynamics of what is being called 'the global knowledge economy'. I argue that the social changes associated with new modes of value determination are closely associated with new media form.

Ground truth determination for segmentation of tomographic volumes using interpolation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Prognostic value of baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV0) measured on FDG-PET/CT in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).

BACKGROUND: Most peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients have a poor outcome and the identification of prognostic factors at diagnosis is needed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The prognostic impact of total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV0), measured on baseline [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, was evaluated in a retrospective study including 108 PTCL patients (27 PTCL not otherwise specified, 43 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas and 38 anaplastic large-cell lymphomas). All received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. TMTV0 was computed with the 41% maximum standardized uptake value threshold method and an optimal cut-off point for binary outcomes was determined and compared with others prognostic factors. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 23 months, 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 49% and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 67%. High TMTV0 was significantly associated with a worse prognosis. At 2 years, PFS was 26% in patients with a high TMTV0 (>230 cm(3), n = 53) versus 71% for those with a low TMTV0, [P < 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 4], whereas OS was 50% versus 80%, respectively, (P = 0.0005, HR = 3.1). In multivariate analysis, TMTV0 was the only significant independent parameter for both PFS and OS. TMTV0, combined with PIT, discriminated even better than TMTV0 alone, patients with an adverse outcome (TMTV0 >230 cm(3) and PIT >1, n = 33,) from those with good prognosis (TMTV0 ≤230 cm(3) and PIT ≤1, n = 40): 19% versus 73% 2-year PFS (P < 0.0001) and 43% versus 81% 2-year OS, respectively (P = 0.0002). Thirty-one patients (other TMTV0-PIT combinations) had an intermediate outcome, 50% 2-year PFS and 68% 2-year OS. CONCLUSION: TMTV0 appears as an independent predictor of PTCL outcome. Combined with PIT, it could identify different risk categories at diagnosis and warrants further validation as a prognostic marker.

Determination of free glycerol in biodiesel at a platinum oxide surface using potential cycling technique

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Preconcentration and determination of metal ions from fuel ethanol with a new 2,2'-dipyridylamine bonded silica

A silica surface chemically modified with [3-(2,2'-dipyridylamine) propyl] groups was prepared, characterized, and evaluated for its metal ion preconcentration in fuel ethanol. To our knowledge, we are the first authors who have reported the present modification on silica gel surface. The material was characterized using infrared spectra, scanning electronic microscopy, and 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR spectra. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate for metal ion removal from fuel ethanol. The results showed that the Langmuir model describes the sorption equilibrium data of the metal ions in a satisfactory way. From the Langmuir isotherms, the following maximum adsorption capacities (in mmolg -1) were determined: 1.81 for Fe(III), 1.75 for Cr(III), 1.30 for Cu(II), 1.25 for Co(II), 1.15 for Pb(II), 0.95 for Ni(II), and 0.87 for Zn(II). Thermodynamic functions, the change of free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) showed that the adsorption of metal ions onto Si-Pr-DPA was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The sorption-desorption of the metal ions made possible the development of a preconcentration and quantification method of metal ions in fuel ethanol. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Interferência do método de previsão populacional no desempenho hidráulico de uma rede coletora de esgoto sanitário

The non existence of sewage services creates an unhealthy environmental, causing impact extremely prejudicial to the human health. In Brazil, this item represents the biggest deficit in the basic sanitation these days, and only about 50% of the population is attended. The sewage collection network is a needful system for the basic sanitation. Between the parameters of the project of a system of collection and sewage transportation, the definition of the population that will be attended is one of the most important variables, and that should be done based on criterion of population growth and in accordant to directrix presents in the comprehensive city plan. In this paper, were evaluated methods of growth based on the geometric growth rate, on the population density and on the number of residents per dwelling, and also mathematics models of growth prediction, emphasizing in the geometric growth and on the logistic curve method. That way, the goal of this paper were value the hydraulic performance in one of the watersheds delimited by the sewage network magnification work existent in the city of Cacoal–RO. Using simulation with different scenarios, the results pointed that the hydraulic performance of the system were strongly affected by the population determination method used. For the same drained area the diameters range from 150 to 250 mm as well as the trench’s deep, where some stretches exceeded the maximum values contained in the standard. Besides, the variation of the sewage contribution rate due the population variation estimated in different scenarios, led to alterations in others important project parameters, such as slope, shallow pool, tensile stress and spreading velocity

High-throughput non-destructive nuclear magnetic resonance method to measure intramuscular fat content in beef

High intake of saturated fat from meats has been associated with cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and others diseases. In this paper, we are introducing a simple, high-throughput, and non-destructive low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance method that has the potential to analyze the intramuscular fat content (IMF) in more than 1,000 beef portions per hour. The results can be used in nutritional fact labels, replacing the currently used average value. The method is based on longitudinal (T(1)) and transverse (T(2)) relaxation time information obtained by a continuous wave-free precession (CWFP) sequence. CWFP yields a higher correlation coefficient (r=0.9) than the conventional Carr-Purcell-Meiboom- Gill (CPMG) method (r=-0.25) for IMF in beef and is just as fast and a simpler pulse sequence than CPMG. The method can also be applied to other meat products.

Caracterización de sistemas vibroacústicos mediante análisis estadístico de energía

Hoy día nadie discute la importancia de predecir el comportamiento vibroacústico de estructuras (edificios, vehículos aeronaves, satélites). También se ha hecho patente, con el tiempo, que el rango espectral en el que la respuesta es importante se ha desplazado hacia alta frecuencia en prácticamente todos los campos. Esto ha hecho que los métodos de análisis en este rango alto de frecuencias cobren importancia y actualidad. Uno de los métodos más extendidos para este fin es el basado en el Análisis Estadístico de la Energía, SEA. Es un método que ha mostrado proporcionar un buen equilibrio entre potencia de calculo, precisión y fiabilidad. En un SEA el sistema (estructura, cavidades o aire circundante) se modela mediante una matriz de coeficientes que dependen directamente de los factores de pérdidas de las distintas partes del sistema. Formalmente es un método de análisis muy cómodo e intuitivo de manejar cuya mayor dificultad es precisamente la determinación de esos factores de pérdidas. El catálogo de expresiones analíticas o numéricas para su determinación no es suficientemente amplio por lo que normalmente siempre se suele acabar necesitando hacer uso de herramientas experimentales, ya sea para su obtención o la comprobación de los valores utilizados. La determinación experimental tampoco está exenta de problemas, su obtención necesita de configuraciones experimentales grandes y complejas con requisitos que pueden llegar a ser muy exigentes y en las que además, se ven involucrados problemas numéricos relacionados con los valores de los propios factores de pérdidas, el valor relativo entre ellos y las características de las matrices que conforman. Este trabajo estudia la caracterización de sistemas vibroacústicos mediante el análisis estadístico de energía. Se centra en la determinación precisa de los valores de los factores de pérdidas. Dados los problemas que puede presentar un sistema experimental de estas características, en una primera parte se estudia la influencia de todas las magnitudes que intervienen en la determinación de los factores de pérdidas mediante un estudio de incertidumbres relativas, que, por medio de los coeficientes de sensibilidad normalizados, indicará la importancia de cada una de las magnitudes de entrada (esencialmente energías y potencias) en los resultados. De esta parte se obtiene una visión general sobre a qué mensurados se debe prestar más atención, y de qué problemas pueden ser los que más influyan en la falta de estabilidad (o incoherencia) de los resultados. Además, proporciona un modelo de incertidumbres válido para los casos estudiados y ha permitido evaluar el error cometido por algún método utilizado habitualmente para la caracterización de factores de pérdidas como la aproximación a 2 subsistemas En una segunda parte se hace uso de las conclusiones obtenidas en la primera, de forma que el trabajo se orienta en dos direcciones. Una dirigida a la determi nación suficientemente fiel de la potencia de entrada que permita simplificar en lo posible la configuración experimental. Otra basada en un análisis detallado de las propiedades de la matriz que caracteriza un SEA y que conduce a la propuesta de un método para su determinación robusta, basada en un filtrado de Montecarlo y que, además, muestra cómo los problemas numéricos de la matriz SEA pueden no ser tan insalvables como se apunta en la literatura. Por último, además, se plantea una solución al caso en el que no todos los subsistemas en los que se divide el sistema puedan ser excitados. El método propuesto aquí no permite obtener el conjunto completo de coeficientes necesarios para definir un sistema, pero el solo hecho de poder obtener conjuntos parciales ya es un avance importante y, sobre todo, abre la puerta al desarrollo de métodos que permitan relajar de forma importante las exigencias que la determinación experimental de matrices SEA tiene. ABSTRACT At present there is an agreement about the importance to predict the vibroacoustic response of structures (buildings, vehicles, aircrafts, satellites, etc.). In addition, there has become clear over the time that the frequency range over which the response is important has been shift to higher frequencies in almost all the engineering fields. As a consequence, the numerical methods for high frequency analysis have increase in importance. One the most widespread methods for this type of analysis is the one based on the Statistical Energy Analysis, SEA. This method has shown to provide a good balance among calculation power, accuracy and liability. Within a SEA, a system (structure, cavities, surrounding air) is modeled by a coefficients matrix that depends directly on the loss factors of the different parts of the system. Formally, SEA is a very handy and intuitive analysis method whose greatest handicap is precisely the determination of the loss factors. The existing set of analytical or numerical equations to obtain the loss factor values is not enough, so that usually it is necessary to use experimental techniques whether it is to its determination to to check the estimated values by another mean. The experimental determination presents drawbacks, as well. To obtain them great and complex experimental setups are needed including requirements that can be very demanding including numerical problems related to the values of the loss factors themselves, their relative value and the characteristics of the matrices they define. The present work studies the characterization of vibroacousti systems by this SEA method. It focuses on the accurate determination of the loss factors values. Given all the problems an experimental setup of these characteristics can show, the work is divided in two parts. In the first part, the influence of all the quantities involved on the determination of the loss factors is studied by a relative uncertainty estimation, which, by means of the normalised sensitivity coefficients, will provide an insight about the importance of every input quantities (energies and input powers, mainly) on the final result. Besides, this part, gives an uncertainty model that has allowed assessing the error of one of the methods more widely used to characterize the loss factors: the 2-subsystem approach. In the second part, use of the former conclusions is used. An equation for the input power into the subsystems is proposed. This equation allows simplifying the experimental setup without changing the liability of the test. A detailed study of the SEA matrix properties leads to propose a robust determination method of this SEA matrix by a Monte Carlo filtering. In turn, this new method shows how the numerical problems of the SEA matrix can be overcome Finally, a solution is proposed for the case where not all the subsystems are excited. The method proposed do not allows obtaining the whole set of coefficients of the SEA matrix, but the simple fact of getting partial sets of loss factors is a significant advance and, over all, it opens the door to the development of new methods that loosen the requirements that an experimental determination of a SEA matrix have.

A real options based method for power system planning

A deregulated electricity market is characterized with uncertainties, with both long and short terms. As one of the major long term planning issues, the transmission expansion planning (TEP) is aiming at implementing reliable and secure network support to the market participants. The TEP covers two major issues: technical assessment and financial evaluations. Traditionally, the net present value (NPV) method is the most accepted for financial evaluations, it is simple to conduct and easy to understand. Nevertheless, TEP in a deregulated market needs a more dynamic approach to incorporate a project's management flexibility, or the managerial ability to adapt in response to unpredictable market developments. The real options approach (ROA) is introduced here, which has clear advantage on counting the future course of actions that investors may take, with understandable results in monetary terms. In the case study, a Nordic test system has been testified and several scenarios are given for network expansion planning. Both the technical assessment and financial evaluation have been conducted in the case study.

A novel detection method for determining a surgeon's fatigue and hand tremor

The thesis presents new methodology and algorithms that can be used to analyse and measure the hand tremor and fatigue of surgeons while performing surgery. This will assist them in deriving useful information about their fatigue levels, and make them aware of the changes in their tool point accuracies. This thesis proposes that muscular changes of surgeons, which occur through a day of operating, can be monitored using Electromyography (EMG) signals. The multi-channel EMG signals are measured at different muscles in the upper arm of surgeons. The dependence of EMG signals has been examined to test the hypothesis that EMG signals are coupled with and dependent on each other. The results demonstrated that EMG signals collected from different channels while mimicking an operating posture are independent. Consequently, single channel fatigue analysis has been performed. In measuring hand tremor, a new method for determining the maximum tremor amplitude using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a new technique to detrend acceleration signals using Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithm were introduced. This tremor determination method is more representative for surgeons and it is suggested as an alternative fatigue measure. This was combined with the complexity analysis method, and applied to surgically captured data to determine if operating has an effect on a surgeon’s fatigue and tremor levels. It was found that surgical tremor and fatigue are developed throughout a day of operating and that this could be determined based solely on their initial values. Finally, several Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs (NARX) neural networks were evaluated. The results suggest that it is possible to monitor surgeon tremor variations during surgery from their EMG fatigue measurements.

Hybrid fault diagnosis scheme implementation for power distribution systems automation

Power distribution automation and control are import-ant tools in the current restructured electricity markets. Unfortunately, due to its stochastic nature, distribution systems faults are hardly avoidable. This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis scheme for power distribution systems, composed by three different processes: fault detection and classification, fault location, and fault section determination. The fault detection and classification technique is wavelet based. The fault-location technique is impedance based and uses local voltage and current fundamental phasors. The fault section determination method is artificial neural network based and uses the local current and voltage signals to estimate the faulted section. The proposed hybrid scheme was validated through Alternate Transient Program/Electromagentic Transients Program simulations and was implemented as embedded software. It is currently used as a fault diagnosis tool in a Southern Brazilian power distribution company.