An investigation of unique challenges in National Historic relics and scenic sites (NHRSSs) in Chinese research literature 1982-2008 using co-word analysis

National Housing Relics and Scenic Sites (NHRSSs) in China are the equivalent of National Parks in the West but have contrasting features and broader roles when compared to their Western counterparts. By reviewing and analysing more than 370 academic sources, this paper identifies 6 major issue clusters and future challenges that will influence the management of NHRSSs over time. It also provides a number of cases to illustrate the particular features of NHRSSs. Identifying the hot issues and important challenges in Chinese NHRSSs will provide valuable insights into priorities now being discussed in highly populated areas of the World.

Is bus overrepresented in Bluetooth MAC Scanner data? Is MAC-ID really unique?

One of the concerns about the use of Bluetooth MAC Scanner (BMS) data, especially from urban arterial, is the bias in the travel time estimates from multiple Bluetooth devices being transported by a vehicle. For instance, if a bus is transporting 20 passengers with Bluetooth equipped mobile phones, then the discovery of these mobile phones by BMS will be considered as 20 different vehicles, and the average travel time along the corridor estimated from the BMS data will be biased with the travel time from the bus. This paper integrates Bus Vehicle Identification system with BMS network to empirically evaluate such bias, if any. The paper also reports an interesting finding on the uniqueness of MAC IDs.

How cancer doctors use personalized medicine to target variations unique to each tumour

The Children’s Cancer Institute in Sydney recently launched an ambitious program. From early next year, scientists will analyse the unique cancer cells of 12 children diagnosed with the most aggressive forms of the disease to find the best treatment for each child. By 2020, they aim to have these individualised treatment options available to all children diagnosed with cancers that have a less than 30% survival rate. This way of tailoring treatment to each person is known as personalised medicine, and advances in DNA sequencing have paved the way for a new era in cancer management.

Least path criterion (LPC) for unique indexing in a two-dimensional decagonal quasilattice

The least path criterion or least path length in the context of redundant basis vector systems is discussed and a mathematical proof is presented of the uniqueness of indices obtained by applying the least path criterion. Though the method has greater generality, this paper concentrates on the two-dimensional decagonal lattice. The order of redundancy is also discussed; this will help eventually to correlate with other redundant but desirable indexing sets.

Could the library be dismantled/role of unique holdings in modern times

I have been asked by administration, how much of our collection could go into storage. They optimistically hoping for a room or two for faculty/staff offices, as some buildings need renovation or need to be closed due to safety issues. Clearly, much of the population believes that all/most library materials are available on-line – free. I will present the results of our survey’s of material held and available on-line and space “freed” thanks to archiving. How little space is freed.

Unique genetic variation at a species' rear edge is under threat from global climate change

Global climate change is having a significant effect on the distributions of a wide variety of species, causing both range shifts and population extinctions. To date, however, no consensus has emerged on how these processes will affect the range-wide genetic diversity of impacted species. It has been suggested that species that recolonized from low-latitude refugia might harbour high levels of genetic variation in rear-edge populations, and that loss of these populations could cause a disproportionately large reduction in overall genetic diversity in such taxa. In the present study, we have examined the distribution of genetic diversity across the range of the seaweed Chondrus crispus, a species that has exhibited a northward shift in its southern limit in Europe over the last 40 years. Analysis of 19 populations from both sides of the North Atlantic using mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sequence data from two singlecopy nuclear regions and allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci revealed unique genetic variation for all marker classes in the rear-edge populations in Iberia, but not in the rear-edge populations in North America. Palaeodistribution modelling and statistical testing of alternative phylogeographic scenarios indicate that the unique genetic diversity in Iberian populations is a result not only of persistence in the region during the last glacial maximum, but also because this refugium did not contribute substantially to the recolonization of Europe after the retreat of the ice. Consequently, loss of these rear-edge populations as a result of ongoing climate change will have a major effect on the overall genetic diversity of the species, particularly in Europe, and this could compromise the adaptive potential of the species as a whole in the face of future global warming.

Unique Challenges in WiFi Intrusion Detection

The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a common means of protecting networked systems from attack or malicious misuse. The deployment of an IDS can take many different forms dependent on protocols, usage and cost. This is particularly true of Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems (WIDS) which have many detection challenges associated with data transmission through an open, shared medium, facilitated by fundamental changes at the Physical and MAC layers. WIDS need to be considered in more detail at these lower layers than their wired counterparts as they face unique challenges. The remainder of this chapter will investigate three of these challenges where WiFi deviates significantly from that of wired counterparts:

• Attacks Specific to WiFi Networks: Outlining the additional threats which WIDS must account for: Denial of Service, Encryption Bypass and AP Masquerading attacks.

• The Effect of Deployment Architecture on WIDS Performance: Demonstrating that the deployment environment of a network protected by a WIDS can influence the prioritisation of attacks.

• The Importance of Live Data in WiFi Research: Investigating the different choices for research data sources with an emphasis on encouraging live network data collection for future WiFi research.

Mesurer l'apport unique de l'adhésion à la culture des gangs de rue à l'explication des conduites délinquantes chez les adolescents et les hommes contrevenants

L’apport disproportionné aux taux de criminalité des membres des gangs de rue est, nul doute, une proposition empirique robuste. De nombreuses études ont conclu que l’association aux gangs de rue est un facteur de risque supplémentaire à celui que constitue déjà la fréquentation de pairs délinquants au nombre des meilleurs prédicteurs de la délinquance avec les antécédents criminels et les traits antisociaux de la personnalité. Pourtant, la contribution spécifique de l’association aux gangs de rue à l’explication de la délinquance est largement méconnue. Au nombre des variables les plus souvent citées pour l’expliquer figure néanmoins le concept de l’adhésion à la culture de gang qui n’a toutefois jamais été spécifiquement opérationnalisé. Le but de la thèse est d’étudier la contribution spécifique de l’adhésion d’un contrevenant à la culture des gangs de rue à l’explication de la délinquance. Plus précisément, elle a comme objectifs de définir la culture des gangs de rue, d’opérationnaliser l’adhésion à la culture des gangs de rue, d’examiner la fidélité de la mesure de l’adhésion à la culture de gang et d’étudier sa relation avec la nature, la variété et la fréquence des conduites délinquantes de contrevenants placés sous la responsabilité des centres jeunesse et des services correctionnels du Québec. Trois articles scientifiques, auxquels un chapitre régulier est joint, ont servi la démonstration de la thèse. D’abord, le premier article présente les démarches relatives au développement de la première Mesure de l’adhésion à la culture de gang, la MACg. Plus précisément, l’article présente la recension des écrits qui a permis de proposer une première définition de la culture de gang et d’opérationnaliser le concept. Il fait aussi état de la démarche de la validation de la pertinence de son contenu et des données préliminaires qui révèlent la très bonne cohérence interne de la MACg. Cette première étude est suivie de la présentation, dans le cadre d’un chapitre régulier, des résultats de l’examen de la cotation des principaux indicateurs de la culture de gang. Cette démarche constitue un complément nécessaire à l’examen de la validité apparente de la MACg. Les résultats révèlent des degrés de concordance très satisfaisants entre les observations de divers professionnels des centres jeunesse et des services correctionnels du Québec qui ont été invités à coter les indicateurs de la culture de gang à partir de deux histoires fictives d’un contrevenant mineur et d’un second d’âge adulte. Puis, le deuxième article présente les résultats d’un premier examen de la fidélité de la MACg à l’aide du modèle de Rasch de la Théorie de la réponse aux items. Ses résultats soutiennent l’unidimensionnalité de la MACg et sa capacité à distinguer des groupes d’items et de personnes le long d’un continuum de gravité d’adhésion à la culture de gang. Par contre, le fonctionnement différentiel et le mauvais ajustement de certains items sont observés, ainsi que l’inadéquation de la structure de réponses aux items (de type Likert) privilégiée lors de l’élaboration de la MACg. Une version réaménagée de cette dernière est donc proposée. Enfin, le troisième et dernier article présente les résultats de l’examen de la relation entre la délinquance et l’adhésion d’un contrevenant à la culture de gang telle que mesurée par la MACg. Les résultats soutiennent l’apport unique de l’adhésion d’un contrevenant à la culture de gang à la diversité et à la fréquence des conduites délinquantes auto-rapportées par des contrevenants placés sous la responsabilité des centres jeunesse et des services correctionnels du Québec. Le score à l’échelle originale et réaménagée de la MACg s’avère, d’ailleurs, un facteur explicatif plus puissant que l’âge, la précocité criminelle, les pairs délinquants et la psychopathie au nombre des meilleurs prédicteurs de la délinquance. L’étude met aussi en lumière l’étroite relation entre une forte adhésion à la culture de gang et la présence marquée de traits psychopathiques annonciatrice de problèmes particulièrement sérieux. Malgré ses limites, la thèse contribuera significativement aux développements des bases d’un nouveau modèle explicatif de l’influence de l’association aux gangs de rue sur les conduites des personnes. La MACg pourra aussi servir à l’évaluation des risques des hommes contrevenants placés sous la responsabilité du système de justice pénale et à l’amélioration de la qualité des interventions qui leur sont dédiées.

A unique intraorbital osseous structure in the large fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus)

Objective: To describe the normal bony orbital structure of the large fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus) with emphasis on a unique intraorbital bony structure previously not described in the literature. Procedures: The bony anatomy of the orbital cavity was studied on dissected skulls of large fruit-eating bats. The anatomic description of a unique intraorbital spine was made while studying the bony orbit of macerated skulls. Additional observations were made on dissected formalin-fixed whole heads. Both procedures were performed under a stereo dissecting microscope, using ×2-4-magnification. A histologic analysis of soft tissues surrounding this cylindrical bony structure was performed using cross and longitudinal oblique sections from decalcified whole heads, which had been fixed in formalin. Additionally, biometric measurements and a histomorphometric analysis were performed. Results and conclusions: An intraorbital cylindrical osseous structure measuring 3.96 ± 0.68 mm in length and 155.62 ± 14.03 μm in diameter was observed in the large fruit-eating bat (A. lituratus), creating a unique orbital structural design among mammals. We suggest the name optic spine of the alisphenoid bone. The anatomic, biometric and histologic characterization of this element might contribute to a further understanding of the dynamics of bat vision and the sort of factors that influenced evolution of the visual system of microbats. The authors hope that the documentation of this distinctive anatomic feature will also expand the debate about the phylogenetic analysis of the relationship among bat species in the near future. © 2007 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

Unique posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic translation factors and their roles in protozoan parasite viability and pathogenesis.

Protozoan parasites are one of the major causes of diseases worldwide. The vector transmitted parasites exhibit complex life cycles involving interactions between humans, protozoa, and arthropods. In order to adapt themselves to the changing microenvironments, they have to undergo complex morphological and metabolic changes. These changes can be brought about by expressing a new pool of proteins in the cell or by modifying the existing repertoire of proteins via posttranslational modifications (PTMs). PTMs involve covalent modification and processing of proteins thereby modulating their functions. Some of these changes may involve PTMs of parasite proteins to help the parasite survive within the host and the vector. Out of many PTMs known, three are unique since they occur only on single proteins: ethanolamine phosphoglycerol (EPG) glutamate, hypusine and diphthamide. These modifications occur on eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), respectively. Interestingly, the proteins carrying these unique modifications are all involved in the elongation steps of translation. Here we review these unique PTMs, which are well conserved in protozoan parasites, and discuss their roles in viability and pathogenesis of parasites. Characterization of these modifications and studying their roles in physiology as well as pathogenesis will provide new insights in parasite biology, which may also help in developing new therapeutic interventions.

Challenges and opportunities related to the creation of a unique society of specialists in general internal medicine in 2015

A common training plan in general internal medicine was a brave enterprise started in 2011 in accordance with the common objectives of the Swiss Society of General Medicine and the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine. The next challenge will be the dissolution of the two Societies and therefore the creation of an unique new association in 2015. This is an extraordinary opportunity to bring together the specific qualities of each association and to create a new society. Issues, objectives and secondary benefits expected from the creation of the largest national society of a medical discipline are explored as a joint discussion in this article.

Unique Sm core structure of U7 snRNPs: assembly by a specialized SMN complex and the role of a new component, Lsm11, in histone RNA processing.

A set of seven Sm proteins assemble on the Sm-binding site of spliceosomal U snRNAs to form the ring-shaped Sm core. The U7 snRNP involved in histone RNA 3' processing contains a structurally similar but biochemically unique Sm core in which two of these proteins, Sm D1 and D2, are replaced by Lsm10 and by another as yet unknown component. Here we characterize this factor, termed Lsm11, as a novel Sm-like protein with apparently two distinct functions. In vitro studies suggest that its long N-terminal part mediates an important step in histone mRNA 3'-end cleavage, most likely by recruiting a zinc finger protein previously identified as a processing factor. In contrast, the C-terminal part, which comprises two Sm motifs interrupted by an unusually long spacer, is sufficient to assemble with U7, but not U1, snRNA. Assembly of this U7-specific Sm core depends on the noncanonical Sm-binding site of U7 snRNA. Moreover, it is facilitated by a specialized SMN complex that contains Lsm10 and Lsm11 but lacks Sm D1/D2. Thus, the U7-specific Lsm11 protein not only specifies the assembly of the U7 Sm core but also fulfills an important role in U7 snRNP-mediated histone mRNA processing.

Asthma management : implementation of short-acting beta agonist guidelines in Western Australia:a unique collaboration

Background: The Respiratory Health Network in Western Australia developed the Asthma Model of Care in 2010 which incorporates best practice guidelines. At the same time short-acting beta agonist guidelines (SABA) were developed by stakeholder consensus at University of Western Australia (UWA) and incorporated the use of an Asthma Action Plan Card. Objective: To report on the implementation of a key component of the WA Asthma Model of Care, the SABA guidelines that incorporate the Asthma Action Plan card. Methods: Implementation strategies included lectures, direct pharmacy detailing, media releases, and information packs (postal and electronic). Groups targeted included pharmacists, consumers and medical practitioners. Results: State-based (n=18) and national (n=6) professional organisations were informed about the launch of the guidelines into practice in WA. In the four-month implementation period more than 47,000 Asthma Action Plan Cards were distributed, primarily to community pharmacies. More than 500 pharmacies were provided with information packs or individual detailing. More than 10,000 consumers were provided with information about the guidelines. Conclusions and implications: The collaboration of stakeholders in this project allowed for widespread access to various portals which, in turn, resulted in a multifaceted approach in disseminating information. Ongoing maintenance programs are required to sustain and build on the momentum of the implementation program and to ultimately address patient outcomes and practice change, which would be the longer-term goals of such a project. Future research will seek to ascertain the impact of the card on patient outcomes in WA.

A question of a voice: with what voice will I cry my sad fado?

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.