Incorporation and profile of fatty acids in tilapia fillets (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with tung oil

The acceptance of tung oil enriched diet and the incorporation of conjugated linolenic acid - CLnA into fillets of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) were investigated. The diet was well accepted, and after 10 days CLnA was incorporated into the fillets with a 1.02% content of total fatty acids (FA). In addition, biosynthesis of the conjugated linoleic acid isomers - CLA (0.31% of fillet total FA content) from CLnA, and the presence of alpha-linolenic acid - LNA (1.08% of fillet total FA content), eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA (2.85% of fillet total FA content) and docosahexaenoic acid - DHA (3.08% of fillet total FA content) were observed. Therefore, the consumption of this fish can increase the intake of different FA (CLnA, CLA, LNA, EPA and DHA), which play an important role in human metabolism.

Fat composition of organic and conventional retail milk in northeast England

This study of UK retail milk identified highly significant variations in fat composition. The survey, conducted over 2 yr replicating summer and winter, sampled 22 brands, 10 of which indicated organic production systems. Results corroborate earlier farm-based findings considering fat composition of milk produced under conventional and organic management. Organic milk had higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids (FA) than conventional milk, including total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 39.4 vs. 31.8 g/kg of total FA), conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 (CLA9; 7.4 v 5.6 g/kg of FA), and α-linolenic acid (α-LN; 6.9 vs. 4.4 g/kg of FA). As expected, purchase season had a strong effect on fat composition: compared with milk purchased in winter, summer milk had a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (682 vs. 725 g/kg of FA) and higher concentrations of PUFA (37.6 vs. 32.8 g/kg of FA), CLA9 (8.1 vs. 4.7 g/kg of FA), and α-LN (6.5 vs. 4.6 g/kg of FA). Differences identified between sampling years were more surprising: compared with that in yr 2, milk purchased in year 1 had higher concentrations of PUFA (37.5 vs. 32.9 g/kg of FA), α-LN (6.0 vs. 5.1 g/kg of FA), and linoleic acid (19.9 vs. 17.5 g/kg of FA) and lower concentrations of C16:0 and C14:0 (332 vs. 357 and 110 vs. 118 g/kg of FA, respectively). Strong interactions were identified between management and season as well as between season and year of the study. As in the earlier farm studies, differences in fat composition between systems were greater for summer compared with winter milk. Large between-year differences may be due to changes in weather influencing milk composition through forage availability, quality, and intake. If climate change predictions materialize, both forage and dairy management may have to adapt to maintain current milk quality. Considerable variation existed in milk fat composition between brands.

Flexionar ou não flexionar, eis a questão: infinitivos no Português como segunda língua

À luz de previsões feitas por duas abordagens concorrentes na aquisição de L2 por adultos – Acesso Total (FA, Full Access) (e.g., White 1989, 2003; Schwartz & Sprouse 1996) e Traços Malsucedidos (FF, Failed Features) (e.g., Hawkins & Chan 1997; Liceras & Díaz, 1999) – o presente estudo examina a aquisição de infinitivos flexionados por adultos aprendizes de português como L2, falantes nativos de inglês e bilíngues de espanhol/inglês. A aquisição total semelhante ao nativo de infinitivos flexionados requer a reconfiguração de um parâmetro sintático (o Parâmetro do Sujeito Nulo) e um parâmetro morfológico (o Parâmetro-Infl) para esses aprendizes. Como as abordagens FF sustentam um período pós-crítico de insucesso na aquisição de novos traços na L2, ausentes na L1, prevê-se que a aquisição típica da língua alvo não seja possível. Por outro lado, as abordagens FA, que sustentam a possibilidade da reconfiguração dos parâmetros nos adultos, preveem que a competência nativa de infinitivos flexionados seja alcançável, mas não inevitável. Os dados que apresentamos apoiam as abordagens FA, e demonstram que os adultos aprendizes avançados alcançam um conhecimento interpretativo dos infinitivos flexionados do português semelhante ao de nativos. Também consideramos o papel da transferência da L1 e as implicações possíveis, já que diferem para ambos os grupos.

Efeitos da perda de peso sobre o metabolismo ósseo de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica de Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux: efeitos da cirurgia bariátrica sobre o metabolismo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos da perda de peso sobre o metabolismo ósseo de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica de Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux: efeitos da cirurgia bariátrica sobre o metabolismo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

(Table 2) Fatty acid composition of polychaetes sampled during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIV/2

The fatty acid (FA) composition of representatives belonging to 18 polychaete families from the Southern Ocean shelf and deep sea (600 to 5337 m) was analysed in order to identify trophic biomarkers and elucidate possible feeding preferences. Total FA content was relatively low with few exceptions and ranged from 1.0 to 11.6% of total body dry weight. The most prominent FA found were 20:5(n-3), 16:0, 22:6(n-3), 18:1(n-7), 20:4(n-6), 18:0, 20:1(n-11) and 18:1(n-9). For some polychaete families and species FA profiles indicated selective feeding on certain dietary components, like freshly deposited diatom remains (e.g., Spionidae, Fauveliopsidae and Flabelligeridae) or foraminiferans (e.g., Euphrosinidae, Nephtyidae and Syllidae). Feeding patterns were relatively consistent within families at the deep stations, while the FA composition differed between the deep and the shelf stations within the same family. Fatty alcohols, indicative of wax ester storage, were found in almost all families (in proportions of 0.0 to 29.3% of total FA and fatty alcohols). The development of this long-term storage mechanism of energy reserves possibly displays an evolutionary strategy.

Seasonal changes in broodstock spawning performance and egg quality in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

Sea lice continue to be one of the largest issues for the salmon farming industry and the use of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) as a biological control is considered to be one of the most sustainable solutions in development. Broodstock management has proved challenging in the initial phases due to the significant lack of understanding of basic reproductive physiology and behaviour in the species. The aim of the study was to monitor captive breeding populations throughout a spawning season to examine timing and duration of spawning,quantify egg production, and look at seasonal changes in egg quality parameters as well as investigate the parental contribution to spawning events. A clear spawning rhythm was shown with 3-5 spawning periods inclusive of spawning windows lasting 1-9 days followed by inter spawning intervals of 8-12 days. Fertilization rate remained consistently high (> 87.5%) over the spawning season and did not differ significantly between spawning populations. Hatch rate was variable (0-97.5 %), but peaked in the middle of the spawning season. Meanoocyte diameter and gum layer thickness decreased slightly over the spawning season with no significant differences between spawning populations. Fatty acid (FA) profile of eggs remained consistent throughout the season and with the exception of high levels of ARA (3.8 ± 0.5 % of total FA) the FA profile was similar to that observed in other marine fish species. Parental contribution analysis showed 3 out of 6 spawning events to be single paired mating while the remaining 3 had contributions from multiple parents. Furthermore, the proposed multiple batch spawning nature of this species was confirmed with proof of a single femalecontributing to two separate spawning events. Overall this work represents the first comprehensive data set of spawning activity of captive ballan wrasse, and as such and will be helpful in formulating sustainable broodstock management plans for the species.

Ablación por catéter de fibrilación auricular en Latinoamérica: resultados del primer registro de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología (SOLAECE)

Objetivo: conocer los resultados de la ablación por catéter de fibrilación auricular (FA) en Latinoamérica. Material y método: se analizaron los resultados (éxito agudo, complicaciones totales y complicaciones mayores) de los procedimientos de ablación de FA paroxística (FA-P), FA-NO paroxística (FA-NP) y FA total (FA-P + FA-NP) incluidos en el Primer Registro Latinoamericano de Ablación por Catéter dirigido y coordinado por la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología (SOLAECE), y su relación con las características de los centros. Las variables categóricas se expresaron como proporciones y se compararon utilizando la prueba de chi cuadrado. Se consideró diferencia estadísticamentemente significativa un valor de P < 0,05. Resultados: la FA fue el cuarto sustrato más frecuentemente abordado con 1.649 procedimientos (11%). De ellos, 1.161 fueron de FA-P (70,4%) y 488 de FA-NP (29,6%). El número de ablaciones de FA al año fue de 30 o menos en 46 centros (81%); 50 o más en siete centros (12%), y 100 o más en cinco centros (9%). El promedio por centro fue de 26. El éxito agudo de la ablación de FA total fue de 90%. No se observaron diferencias entre FA-P y FA-NP (88,9% versus 90,8%, P=NS). La tasa de complicaciones totales fue de 8,31%, y tampoco se observaron diferencias entre los dos sustratos (FA-P 8,4% versus FA-NP 8,2%, P=NS). Las complicaciones mayores fueron de 4,12%. El resultado de la ablación (éxito agudo y complicaciones) se relacionó principalmente con el volumen de procedimientos de los centros. Conclusiones: los resultados de la ablación de FA en Latinoamérica son similares a los reportados en el resto del mundo. La experiencia del centro se relacionó directamente con los resultados, en particular con las complicaciones. Aquellos centros con tasas elevadas de complicaciones mayores deberían reanalizar sus programas de ablación de FA a fin de mejorar la seguridad de este tratamiento.

Estudio de la alineación rotacional en la artroplastia total de rodilla mediante tomografía computarizada

L'alineació rotacional a l'astroplàstia total de genoll es refereix a la posició dels implants en el pla axial. Un mínim desplaçament afectarà la distribució de la càrrega y variarà l'estabilitat, l'alineació i la cinemàtica de l'articulació. Tot i que hi ha un consens pel que fa als efectes adversos d'una alineació rotacional incorrecta, encara no està clar quines són les referències anatòmiques que cal utilitzar. Les mesures de l'alineació rotacional requereixen un estudi d'alta qualitat. La TC és la modalitat d'imatge d'elecció per a l'estudi postoperatori de l'artroplàstia total de genoll. L'objectiu d'aquest treball es avaluar la capacitat diagnòstica de la TC per a l'estudi de l'alineació rotacional postoperatòria en l'artroplàstia total de genoll i presentar les variacions en el protocol de TC que minimitzen l'artefacte metàl•lic. Aquest estudi avalua la reproductibilitat de l'angle condili posterior, format per l'eix epicondili quirúrgic i la línia bicondilia posterior, mesurant la correlació entre dos observadors. El coeficient de correlació de Pearson mostra una forta correlació positiva (R=0.84) entre els dos observadors. La mitja d'error de les mesures adquirides és de -0.14º amb una desviació estàndar de 2.06º (-0.14 ± 2.06), per la qual cosa la modificació dels paràmetres tècnics de la TC per a la minimització dels artefactes metàl•lics és eficaç per l'avaluació rotacional. No obstant, l'alta magnitud de l'error indica que el radiòleg ha de ser prudent en el diagnòstic de mínimes variacions angulars que impliquin canvis en l'actitud mèdica i terapèutica.

The use of total luminescence spectroscopy in the investigation of the effects of different rice management practices on humic substances of a planosol

In the Earth's carbon cycle, C stocks in the soil are higher than in vegetation and atmosphere. Maintaining and conserving organic C concentrations in the soil by specific management practices can improve soil fertility and productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of agricultural management techniques and influence of water regime (flooded or drained) on the structure of humic substances by excitation/emission matrix fluorescence. Six samples of a Planosol (Planossolo by the Brazilian System of Soil Classification) were collected from a rice field. Humic substances (HS) were extracted from flooded and drained soil under different agricultural management techniques: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and grassland. Two peaks at a long emission wavelength were observed in the EEM spectra of HA whereas those of the corresponding FA contained a unique fluorophore at an intermediate excitation/emission wavelength pair (EEWP) value. The fluorescence intensity measured by total luminescence (FI TL) of HA was lower than that of the corresponding FA. A comparison of all samples (i.e., the HA values compared to each other) revealed only slight differences in the EEWP position, but the FI TL values were significantly different. In this soil, anoxic conditions and reduced tillage (little plowing) seem to favor a higher degree of humification of the soil organic matter compared with aerated conditions and conventional tillage.

Comparison of gas chromatographic and gravimetric methods for quantization of total fat and fatty acids in foodstuffs

Different methods to determine total fat (TF) and fatty acids (FA), including trans fatty acids (TFA), in diverse foodstuffs were evaluated, incorporating gravimetric methods and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID), in accordance with a modified AOAC 996.06 method. Concentrations of TF and FA obtained through these different procedures diverged (p< 0.05) and TFA concentrations varied beyond 20 % of the reference values. The modified AOAC 996.06 method satisfied both accuracy and precision, was fast and employed small amounts of low toxicity solvents. Therefore, the results showed that this methodology is viable to be adopted in Brazil for nutritional labeling purposes.

Efeitos da farinha de folhas de mandioca sobre a atividade das enzimas AST, ALT, FA e lipídios hepáticos de ratos Wistar

Folhas de mandioca possuem substâncias como ligninas e saponinas que podem apresentar efeito hipolipidêmico. Todavia, um estudo recente relatou aumento no peso do fígado de ratos alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de folhas de mandioca (FFM - Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Cacao), tornando-se necessário um estudo mais aprofundado dos efeitos desta farinha sobre os parâmetros hepáticos. Para este estudo, um ensaio biológico com 32 ratos machos Wistar foi conduzido por um período de 7 semanas, sendo os tratamentos: dieta controle e dietas contendo 5, 10 e 15% de FFM. As dietas contendo FFM não apresentaram efeitos sobre as atividades das enzimas Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) e Fosfatase Alcalina (FA), mas aumentaram significativamente a atividade da enzima alanina aminotransferase (ALT). O estudo histopatológico revelou vacuolização do citoplasma dos hepatócitos para todos os grupos. No entanto, a freqüência de animais com vacuolização acentuada foi superior nos grupos que receberam dietas com FFM, apresentando também maiores teores de lipídios e colesterol total hepáticos e maior relação peso fígado/peso corporal. Estes resultados indicam que os antinutrientes presentes nas folhas de mandioca, como taninos, cianeto e saponinas, podem ser responsáveis pela redução da função hepática nos animais alimentados com FFM.

Perfil de aptitudes y personalidad en profesionales de la enseñanza : un estudio empírico de la institución SA.FA.

Contribuir al conocimiento del profesorado aspirante a un puesto docente mediante el estudio de aptitudes y personalidad, en el ámbito de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Aportar un conocimiento del rendimiento personal y profesional de los profesores en ejercicio que previamente han sido seleccionados mediante el sistema de selección que se fija en esta tesis. En concreto, se trata de aproximarse a los perfiles de aptitudes y personalidad de los profesionales de la enseñanza aspirantes a ocupar un puesto docente. Los sujetos de la muestra son un colectivo de 866 profesionales de la enseñanza, de ambos sexos, de la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza, que realizaron unas pruebas de selección de personal para ocupar un puesto docente en los centros SA.FA. entre los años 1980 y 1986. Estas personas fueron seleccionadas de un total de 3050 solicitudes. Las variables analizadas en este estudio fueron el expediente académico, el nivel de aptitudes intelectuales y el perfil de personalidad. Las aptitudes intelectuales se estimaron mediante el TIG-2, de Tea, el test de pronóstico académico, traducido por Tea, el Test D-48 de Pichot, el D-70 de Kourovsky y Rennes, el DAT, de Bennett, Seashore y Wesman, el Otis, el test de Matrices Progresivas, nivel superior, de Raven, el test de inteligencia no verbal, de Bonnardel, el test de percepción BG9, de Bonnardel, el test de las formas idénticas de Thurstone y el test de percepción de diferencias, de Thurstone-Yela. Las variables de personalidad se evaluaron utilizando el SN59 de Enrique Cerda, el cuestionario EPI de personalidad de Eysenck, el cuestionario de personalidad CEP, de Pinillos, el test MAE de motivación y ansiedad de ejecución, la escala EAE de autoestima, de Lavoegie, el 16PF de Cattell y el MMPI, de Hathaway y Mackinley. Este trabajo ha permitido delinear el perfil básico de rendimiento profesional de la muestra de profesores de SA.FA. Este perfil permite valorar al grupo de profesionales estudiado como merecedores de la calificación de excelentes profesionales en las diversas áreas evaluadas. Se trata de personas que han sabido aunar de modo satisfactorio aptitudes profesionales, actitudes docentes, relaciones humanas, cualidades personales y actitudes de renovación y perfeccionamiento.

Ambiente percebido e sua associação com a atividade física total no lazer em adultos residentes no município de Rio Claro, SP

Introduction: Given the repercussion of the important role of physical activity in the prevention of sickness and non-communicable diseases / loss, many works have been done in order to understand the association of sociodemographic characteristics with sedentarism. The elements which influence the physical activity practice are countless. Besides the intrapersonal element, environment elements (social environment, cultural environment, public politics, information environment, natural environment etc.) are also important in the life style. Yet, the way that the person understands the environment can be considered in the planning of the strategies to change the sedentary behavior. Objective: Verify the association of the environment perception with the practice of physical activity (FA) at leisure time in adults living in Rio Claro – SP. Methodology: The sample consists of 470 adults, all residente in rio Claro-SP, aged ≥ 18 years old. The chosen participants answered to the questionnaires: Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale (NEWS), International Physical Activity (IPAQ) and to a specific questionnaire with personal data (age, sex, educational level, economical level, weight, height and marital status). The analysis of the connection between the variables was done through the Logistic Regression with Confidence Interval of 95%, using the software SPSS 17.0. Those who reached the recommendation of 10 minutes or more of physical activity in leisure time for week were classified as active, and those who did not reach the recommendation were classified as underactive. Results: The proportion of subjects who practiced physical activity in leisure time was 38,7%, and the male subjects, as well as those classified as better social level showed higher chances to practice at least 10 minutes weekly of physical activity during leisure. Still, walking the dog, soccer fields and gardens near the house (less than 10 walking minutes), were...