Improving brain injury cognitive rehabilitation by personalized telerehabilitation services: Guttmann neuropersonal trainer

Cognitive rehabilitation aims to remediate or alleviate the cognitive deficits appearing after an episode of acquired brain injury (ABI). The purpose of this work is to describe the telerehabilitation platform called Guttmann Neuropersonal Trainer (GNPT) which provides new strategies for cognitive rehabilitation, improving efficiency and access to treatments, and to increase knowledge generation from the process. A cognitive rehabilitation process has been modeled to design and develop the system, which allows neuropsychologists to configure and schedule rehabilitation sessions, consisting of set of personalized computerized cognitive exercises grounded on neuroscience and plasticity principles. It provides remote continuous monitoring of patient's performance, by an asynchronous communication strategy. An automatic knowledge extraction method has been used to implement a decision support system, improving treatment customization. GNPT has been implemented in 27 rehabilitation centers and in 83 patients' homes, facilitating the access to the treatment. In total, 1660 patients have been treated. Usability and cost analysis methodologies have been applied to measure the efficiency in real clinical environments. The usability evaluation reveals a system usability score higher than 70 for all target users. The cost efficiency study results show a relation of 1-20 compared to face-to-face rehabilitation. GNPT enables brain-damaged patients to continue and further extend rehabilitation beyond the hospital, improving the efficiency of the rehabilitation process. It allows customized therapeutic plans, providing information to further development of clinical practice guidelines.

eFisioTrack: a telerehabilitation environment based on motion recognition using accelerometry

The growing demand for physical rehabilitation processes can result in the rising of costs and waiting lists, becoming a threat to healthcare services’ sustainability. Telerehabilitation solutions can help in this issue by discharging patients from points of care while improving their adherence to treatment. Sensing devices are used to collect data so that the physiotherapists can monitor and evaluate the patients’ activity in the scheduled sessions. This paper presents a software platform that aims to meet the needs of the rehabilitation experts and the patients along a physical rehabilitation plan, allowing its use in outpatient scenarios. It is meant to be low-cost and easy-to-use, improving patients and experts experience. We show the satisfactory results already obtained from its use, in terms of the accuracy evaluating the exercises, and the degree of users’ acceptance. We conclude that this platform is suitable and technically feasible to carry out rehabilitation plans outside the point of care.

Low-bandwidth telerehabilitation for patients who have undergone total knee replacement: preliminary results

We have developed a low-bandwidth, Internet-based telerehabilitation system to provide outpatient rehabilitation to patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. The preliminary efficacy of this treatment programme in terms of both physical and functional objective outcome measures was assessed on 21 patients. Subjects receiving a six-week rehabilitation programme were randomized to the telerehabilitation system or the usual face-to-face method. The physical and functional improvements in the telerehabilitation group were similar to those in the control group. There was a non-significant trend for greater improvements in the telerehabilitation group for most outcome measurements. The telerehabilitation programme was well received by patients. The results of this study provide evidence for the efficacy of low-bandwidth telerehabilitation consultations.

An Internet-based telerehabilitation system for the assessment of motor speech disorders: A pilot study

Purpose: This pilot study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of an Internet-based telerehabilitation application for the assessment of motor speech disorders in adults with acquired neurological impairment. Method: Using a counterbalanced, repeated measures research design, 2 speech-language pathologists assessed 19 speakers with dysarthria on a battery of perceptual assessments. The assessments included a 19-item version of the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA; P. Enderby, 1983), the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (K. M. Yorkston & D. R. Beukelman, 1981), perceptual analysis of a speech sample, and an overall rating of severity of the dysarthria. One assessment was conducted in the traditional face-to-face manner, whereas the other assessment was conducted using an online, custom-built telerehabilitation application. This application enabled real-time videoconferencing at 128 kb/s and the transfer of store-and-forward audio and video data between the speaker and speech-language pathologist sites. The assessment methods were compared using the J.M.Bland and D.G.Altman (1986, 1999) limits-of-agreement method and percentage level of agreement between the 2 methods. Results: Measurements of severity of dysarthria, percentage intelligibility in sentences, and most perceptual ratings made in the telerehabilitation environment were found to fall within the clinically acceptable criteria. However, several ratings on the FDA were not comparable between the environments, and explanations for these results were explored. Conclusions: The online assessment of motor speech disorders using an Internet-based telerehabilitation system is feasible. This study suggests that with additional refinement of the technology and assessment protocols, reliable assessment of motor speech disorders over the Internet is possible. Future research methods are outlined.

Successes and failures in assessing acquired language disorders using an Internet-based telerehabilitation system

We have used a telerehabilitation system (eREHAB) to remotely assess acquired language disorders via the Internet. The system was used to establish a 128 kbit/s videoconference between two sites and allowed a remote language assessment to be conducted using the standardized Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE). The system had the capacity to display text and images, and could play pre-recorded instructions to the participant via various built-in tools. A touch screen allowed tasks involving picture identification to be completed easily. Eighteen participants with a diagnosis of an acquired language disorder were simultaneously assessed using the eREHAB system, and in the traditional face-to-face manner by two speech pathologists. There was very high agreement between the two assessors, with weighted kappa scores of 0.8–1.0 for 88% of the sub-tests of the BDAE. There was also high agreement (80–100%) and high kappa scores (0.67–0.90) between assessors on the six rating scales relating to language characteristics. The agreement between the two assessors for the diagnosis of the type of aphasia was 83%. Limitations of the system related mainly to problems inherent in IP videoconferencing. The inability to maintain the preferred speed of 128 kbit/s for the duration of the videoconference and the resultant increase in video and audio breakup and latency affected the clinician’s ability to administer the BDAE with the same ease and accuracy as in face-to-face administration. These difficulties were exacerbated when participants presented with a moderate to severe language disorder, auditory comprehension deficits or significant hearing loss. Despite these limitations, a valid assessment of language disorder was found to be feasible via this telerehabilitation application.

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica e o exercício: impacto da doença no declínio funcional e importância do treino de exercício nos benefícios para a saúde

RESUMO: A reabilitação respiratória (RR) é uma intervenção abrangente e interdisciplinar dirigida aos doentes respiratórios crónicos e inclui o treino de exercício, programas de educação e de modificação comportamental, entre outros, desenhados individualmente para melhorar o desempenho físico e psicossocial e promover a adesão a longo prazo a comportamentos promotores de saúde. A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC) é uma doença comum, afetando cerca de 210 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, com elevada mortalidade e com custos económicos significativos decorrentes do agravamento progressivo da doença, das hospitalizações e de reinternamentos frequentes. Apesar do crescente conhecimento da DPOC e do papel da RR nos benefícios para a saúde, existem aspetos ainda não esclarecidos que têm impacto na prática clínica e de investigação e nas decisões das autoridades de saúde. A primeira parte desta tese focou a DPOC e o seu impacto negativo e incluiu: o estudo da prevalência da DPOC em Portugal; os fatores clínicos e funcionais que se associam à mortalidade em doentes com DPOC avançada; a morbilidade, impacto funcional e risco dos doentes se tornarem dependentes para as atividades diárias e a influência da inflamação sistémica. A prevalência estimada da DPOC de 14,2% indica que esta é uma doença comum em Portugal e alerta para a necessidade de uma maior sensibilização da população, dos profissionais de saúde e autoridades de saúde com vista a um diagnóstico precoce e à alocação dos recursos terapêuticos adequados. A elevada taxa de mortalidade em doentes com DPOC avançada - 36,6% em 3 anos - associou-se a insuficiência respiratória, a elevado número de exacerbações, ao cancro do pulmão e a reduzida capacidade funcional para a marcha, salientando a importância da referenciação precoce para RR, a identificação e o tratamento das comorbilidades e a prevenção das exacerbações. A aplicação de um questionário que avaliou as atividades da vida diária básicas e instrumentais, permitiu identificar um marcador clínico do risco de dependência, complementando as avaliações funcionais e associando-se a outros marcadores de mau prognóstico, como as exacerbações. Em doentes com DPOC, com FEV1 médio de 46,76% (desvio padrão: 20,90%), 67% da categoria D do GOLD, verificou-se uma associação positiva entre a expressão de genes inflamatórios avaliada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (ARN mensageiro de IFNg, IL1b, IL6, IL8, TNFa, TGFb1, iNOS) e o índice de massa corporal em repouso, acentuando-se após o exercício. Este estudo aponta a inflamação como o potencial elo de ligação entre a obesidade e a inflamação sistémica em doentes com DPOC. A segunda parte da tese focou a RR, nomeadamente os seus efeitos em doentes das categorias GOLD A, B, C e D; o impacto das comorbilidades nos resultados da RR e os resultados de diferentes intensidades de treino aeróbio. Após o programa de RR, verificaram-se melhorias significativas na capacidade de exercício funcional e de endurance e no estado geral de saúde dos doentes de todas as categorias GOLD. Esta classificação não distingue os doentes que melhor poderão beneficiar desta intervenção, indicando que devem ser referenciados para RR, os doentes sintomáticos ou com repercussão na qualidade de vida, independentemente da categoria da DPOC a que pertençam. A prevalência das comorbilidades no grupo de doentes com DPOC que é referenciado para RR, é elevada, sendo as mais frequentes, as cardiovasculares, as respiratórias e as psicológicas. Apesar de poderem diminuir o impacto da RR, os resultados desta foram semelhantes independentemente do número de comorbilidades. A identificação e o tratamento sistemáticos das comorbilidades conferem maior segurança clínica a esta intervenção terapêutica a qual, por apresentar bons resultados, não deve limitar a referenciação dos doentes. Com o programa de RR, verificou-se melhoria significativa em todos os resultados centrados no doente para ambas as intensidades de treino aeróbio, a 60% e a 80% da potência aeróbica máxima (Wmax), com melhoria do estado geral de saúde, nos sintomas e na capacidade para o exercício, o que questiona a indicação sistemática de elevadas intensidades de treino em doentes com DPOC para a obtenção de benefícios a curto prazo. Na terceira e última parte da tese foi estudado o papel da atividade física na DPOC, focando os fatores que influenciam a atividade física diária; a evolução da capacidade funcional e o estado de saúde 2 anos após um programa de RR e o papel da telemonitorização na quantificação e monitorização da atividade física. Confirmámos que os doentes com DPOC são marcadamente sedentários e os fatores que se associaram ao sedentarismo nestes doentes foram a dispneia e a distância percorrida na prova de marcha de seis minutos. Este estudo sublinha a importância do controlo sintomático, nomeadamente da dispneia, bem como, mais uma vez, o potencial papel da reabilitação respiratória no aumento da capacidade funcional para o exercício e na aquisição de hábitos de vida fisicamente ativa. Verificámos que, apesar de os doentes com DPOC apresentarem benefícios clinicamente significativos na capacidade funcional para o exercício e no estado geral de saúde com o programa de RR, apenas os que se mantêm ativos, podem, no final dos dois anos de seguimento, manter os efeitos benéficos desse programa. O sistema de telemonitorização que combina a oximetria e a quantificação da atividade física provou ser clinicamente útil na avaliação da necessidade de oxigenoterapia de longa duração (OLD) e na aferição do débito de oxigénio em repouso, no esforço e no sono, podendo contribuir para uma melhor adequação da prescrição da OLD. A monitorização dos níveis de atividade física regular é um importante instrumento de avaliação dos programas de RR e o seu uso potencial na telereabilitação permitirá prolongar a eficácia dos programas e reduzir os custos associados aos cuidados de saúde.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive interdisciplinary intervention that includes, but is not limited to, exercise training, education, and behavior change, individually designed to improve physical and psychological conditions of people with chronic respiratory disease and to promote long-term adherence to health-enhancing behaviors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease, affecting about 210 million people worldwide, with high mortality and significant health-related costs due to disease progression, hospitalizations and frequent hospital readmissions. Although the increasing knowledge about COPD and benefitial outcomes of PR, some aspects with impact in clinical practice, research and health authorities’ decisions, remain to be clarified. The first part of this thesis focused on COPD and its negative impact, including the study of COPD prevalence in Portugal; clinical and functional factors associated with mortality in advanced COPD patients; morbidity, functional impact and risk of others’ dependance to perform activities of daily living; and the role of systemic inflammation. The evidence of 14.2% estimated COPD prevalence as a common disease in Portugal raises the need of an increasing awareness of population, health care professionals and health authorities towards an earlier diagnosis and apropriate treatment resources allocation. High mortality in patients with advanced COPD – 36.6% in 3 years - was associated with respiratory failure, high frequency of exacerbations, lung cancer and a low functional capacity in walking. This highlightens the importance of an earlier referral to PR, comorbidity identification and treatment, and prevention of exacerbations. A questionnaire evaluated basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and identified a clinical marker of the risk of becoming dependent. This clinical marker complemented other functional evaluations and was associated with prognosis markers such as the number of exacerbations. In COPD patients with a mean FEV1 46.76% (SD 20.90%), 67% belonging to GOLD grade D, we found a positive association between inflammatory gene expression evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (IFNg, IL1b, IL6, IL8, TNFa, TGFb1, iNOS RNA messenger) and body mass index at rest, and a further increase with exercise. This study evidenced obesity as one potential link between COPD and systemic inflammation. The second part of this thesis focused PR, namely its outcomes in patients of GOLD categories A, B, C and D; comorbidities impact in PR outcomes, and the impact of different exercise training intensities in patient related outcomes. xviii With PR intervention, we found significant improvement in functional exercise capacity, endurance exercise capacity and health status in patients of all GOLD categories. This classification did not differentiate which patients would benefit more from PR, hence all symptomatic patients with a negative impact in health status should be referred to PR, regardless of the GOLD category they belong to. There is a high prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients referred to PR, being cardiovascular, respiratory and psychological, the most prevalent. Although some comorbidities might reduce PR impact, the results were similar regardless of the number of comorbidities. Systematic comorbidities identification and treatment provides safety to PR intervention, and its good results should not preclude patients referral. With PR intervention we found a significant improvement in all patient reported outcomes for exercise training intensities at 60% and 80% maximum work rate (Wmax), namely in health status, symptoms and exercise capacity. These findings challenge the current systematic indication of high exercise training intensities to achieve PR short-term benefits. In the third and last part of the thesis, the role of physical activity in COPD was studied, focusing factors that may influence daily physical activity; the evolution of functional capacity and health status two years after a PR program, and the role of a telemonitoring system in physical activity quantification and monitoring. We confirmed that COPD patients are markedly inactive and factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle are dyspnea and 6 minute walking distance. This study emphasized the importance of symptom control, namely of dyspnea, as well as, once again, the potential role of PR in functional exercise improvement and in integrating physically active habits in daily life. We verified that, although COPD patients improve functional exercise capacity and health status after a PR program, only those who kept physical activity habits were able to maintain those effects after 2 years of follow-up. A telemonitoring system that combines oximetry and physical activity quantification proved to be clinically useful in the evaluation of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) indication, as well as in the titration of oxygen levels at rest, exertion, and sleeping, which might contribute to a more adequate LTOT prescription. Monitoring of daily physical activity levels is an important PR evaluation instrument and its potential use in telerehabilitation might allow lengthening programs efficacy, while reducing health-care costs.

Telehealth system (e-CUIDATE) to improve quality of life in breast cancer survivors: rationale and study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors suffer physical impairment after oncology treatment. This impairment reduces quality of life (QoL) and increase the prevalence of handicaps associated to unhealthy lifestyle (for example, decreased aerobic capacity and strength, weight gain, and fatigue). Recent work has shown that exercise adapted to individual characteristics of patients is related to improved overall and disease-free survival. Nowadays, technological support using telerehabilitation systems is a promising strategy with great advantage of a quick and efficient contact with the health professional. It is not known the role of telerehabilitation through therapeutic exercise as a support tool to implement an active lifestyle which has been shown as an effective resource to improve fitness and reduce musculoskeletal disorders of these women. METHODS / DESIGN This study will use a two-arm, assessor blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial design. People will be eligible if: their diagnosis is of stages I, II, or IIIA breast cancer; they are without chronic disease or orthopedic issues that would interfere with ability to participate in a physical activity program; they had access to the Internet and basic knowledge of computer use or living with a relative who has this knowledge; they had completed adjuvant therapy except for hormone therapy and not have a history of cancer recurrence; and they have an interest in improving lifestyle. Participants will be randomized into e-CUIDATE or usual care groups. E-CUIDATE give participants access to a range of contents: planning exercise arranged in series with breathing exercises, mobility, strength, and stretching. All of these exercises will be assigned to women in the telerehabilitation group according to perceived needs. The control group will be asked to maintain their usual routine. Study endpoints will be assessed after 8 weeks (immediate effects) and after 6 months. The primary outcome will be QoL measured by The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 version 3.0 and breast module called The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. The secondary outcomes: pain (algometry, Visual Analogue Scale, Brief Pain Inventory short form); body composition; physical measurement (abdominal test, handgrip strength, back muscle strength, and multiple sit-to-stand test); cardiorespiratory fitness (International Fitness Scale, 6-minute walk test, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form); fatigue (Piper Fatigue Scale and Borg Fatigue Scale); anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); cognitive function (Trail Making Test and Auditory Consonant Trigram); accelerometry; lymphedema; and anthropometric perimeters. DISCUSSION This study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of a telerehabilitation system during adjuvant treatment of patients with breast cancer. If this treatment option is effective, telehealth systems could offer a choice of supportive care to cancer patients during the survivorship phase. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01801527.

Évaluer la téléréadaptation : la synthèse des effets et l’analyse des changements cliniques et organisationnels

La téléréadaptation, tout comme d’autres champs en télésanté, est de plus en plus interpelée pour la prestation de services. Le but de ce projet de thèse est d’enrichir l’évaluation de la téléréadaptation afin que les connaissances qui en découlent puissent venir soutenir la prise de décision d’acteurs impliqués à différents niveaux en téléréadaptation. Le premier article présente une revue systématique dont l’objectif était de faire synthèse critique des études en téléréadaptation. La revue rassemble 28 études en téléréadaptation, qui confirment l’efficacité de la téléréadaptation pour diverses clientèles dans différents milieux. Certaines des études suggèrent également des bénéfices en termes de coûts, mais ces résultats demeurent préliminaires. Cette synthèse critique est utile pour soutenir la décision d’introduire la téléréadaptation pour combler un besoin. Par contre, les décideurs bénéficieraient aussi de connaissances par rapport aux changements cliniques et organisationnels qui sont associés à la téléréadaptation lorsqu’elle est introduite en milieu clinique. Les deux autres articles traitent d’une étude de cas unique qui a examiné un projet clinique de téléréadaptation dans l’est de la province de Québec, au Canada. Le cadre conceptuel qui sous-tend l’étude de cas découle de la théorie de structuration de Giddens et des modèles de structuration de la technologie, en particulier de l’interaction entre la structure, l’agent et la technologie. Les données ont été recueillies à partir de plusieurs sources (groupes de discussion, entrevues individuelles, documents officiels et observation d’enregistrements) suivi d’une analyse qualitative. Le deuxième article de la thèse porte sur le lien entre la structure, l’agent et la culture organisationnelle dans l’utilisation de la téléréadaptation. Les résultats indiquent que les différences de culture organisationnelle entre les milieux sont plus évidentes avec l’utilisation de la téléréadaptation, entraînant des situations de conflits ainsi que des occasions de changement. De plus, la culture organisationnelle joue un rôle au niveau des croyances liées à la technologie. Les résultats indiquent aussi que la téléréadaptation pourrait contribuer à changer les cultures organisationnelles. Le troisième article examine l’intégration de la téléréadaptation dans les pratiques cliniques existantes, ainsi que les nouvelles routines cliniques qu’elle permet de soutenir et la pérennisation de la téléréadaptation. Les résultats indiquent qu’il y a effectivement certaines activités de téléréadaptation qui se sont intégrées aux routines des intervenants, principalement pour les plans d’intervention interdisciplinaire, tandis que pour les consultations et le suivi des patients, l’utilisation de la téléréadaptation n’a pas été intégrée aux routines. Plusieurs facteurs en lien avec la structure et l’agent ont contraint et facilité l’intégration aux routines cliniques, dont les croyances partagées, la visibilité de la téléréadaptation, le leadership clinique et organisationnel, la disponibilité des ressources, et l’existence de liens de collaboration. La pérennité de la téléréadaptation a aussi pu être observée à partir de la généralisation des activités et le développement de nouvelles applications et collaborations en téléréadaptation, et ce, uniquement pour les activités qui s’étaient intégrées aux routines des intervenants. Les résultats démontrent donc que lorsque la téléréadaptation n’est pas intégrée aux routines cliniques, elle n’est pas utilisée. Par contre, la téléréadaptation peut démontrée certains signes de pérennité lorsque les activités, qui sont reproduites, deviennent intégrées aux routines quotidiennes des utilisateurs. Ensemble, ces études font ressortir des résultats utiles pour la mise en place de la téléréadaptation et permettent de dégager des pistes pour enrichir le champ de l’évaluation de la téléréadaptation, afin que celui-ci devienne plus pertinent et complet, et puisse mieux soutenir les prises de décision d’acteurs impliqués à différents niveaux en téléréadaptation.

AMELIE: Authoring Multimedia-Enhanced Learning Interactive Environment for e-Health Contents

This paper presents the AMELIE Authoring Tool for e-health applications. AMELIE provides the means for creating video-based contents with a focus on e-learning and telerehabilitation processes. The main core of AMELIE lies in the efficient exploitation of raw multimedia resources, which may be already available at clinical centers or recorded ad hoc for learning purposes by health professionals. Three real use cases scenarios involving different target users are presented: (1) cognitive skills? training of surgeons in minimally invasive surgery (medical professionals), (2) training of informal carers for elderly home assistance and (3) cognitive rehabilitation of patients with acquired brain injury. Preliminary validation in the field of surgery hints at the potential of AMELIE; and its versatility in different medical applications is patent from the use cases described. Regardless, new validation studies are planned in the three main application areas identified in this work.

Treating the speech disorder in Parkinson's Disease Online

The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) has been shown to be highly effective in treating the speech disorder in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, patient access to this treatment remains limited in Australia, due to availability of speech pathologists, patient mobility and distance issues. We have investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of an Internet-based telerehabilitation application (eREHAB) for the delivery of the LSVT to persons with PD and disordered speech. Ten participants with PD and dysarthria were treated online with the LSVT for a total of 16 sessions. There were significant improvements in sound pressure levels for vowel prolongation, reading and conversational monologue (P < 0.01), pitch range (P < 0.05) and in perceptual features of pitch and loudness variability, loudness level (P < 0.01) and breathiness (P < 0.05). A participant satisfaction questionnaire indicated that 70% of participants expressed overall satisfaction with the online treatment. Telerehabilitation was feasible and effective in delivering the LSVT to people with PD.

User Interface Abstraction for enabling TV set based Inclusive Access to the Information Society

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L’efficacia dei programmi di teleriabilitazione nel trattamento post-chirurgico di spalla: una revisione sistematica della letteratura

Background: Attualmente, diversi approcci riabilitatavi vengono proposti per il miglioramento del dolore e della funzione a seguito di intervento chirurgico alla spalla. La teleriabilitazione si è rivelata una valida alternativa per l’erogazione dei servizi riabilitativi a distanza: grazie all’utilizzo delle tecnologie di telecomunicazione, è possibile fornire consulenza, valutazione, monitoraggio, intervento e educazione, superando le barriere geografiche, temporali, sociali ed economiche. Obiettivo: Lo scopo della revisione è valutare le prove di efficacia presenti in letteratura in merito all’utilizzo della teleriabilitazione per il miglioramento funzionale dei pazienti operati di spalla. Metodi: La revisione è stata redatta secondo la checklist del PRISMA statement. La ricerca è stata condotta da aprile a settembre 2022, consultando le banche dati Cochrane Library, PubMed e PEDro. La ricerca è stata limitata a studi primari sperimentali e quasi, con full-text reperibile in lingua italiana o inglese e senza limiti temporali, inerenti soggetti operati alla spalla trattati con diverse modalità di teleriabilitazione. Come elemento di confronto è stato incluso qualsiasi tipo di intervento riabilitativo convenzionale. La qualità metodologica è stata valutata con la PEDro scale. Risultati: sono stati inclusi 4 RCT e 1 CCT, che hanno indagato misure di outcome relative a: dolore, mobilità articolare, forza, abilità funzionale e qualità della vita. Dall’analisi qualitativa dei risultati degli studi si è osservato che in tutti i gruppi sperimentali si sono ottenuti miglioramenti significativi negli outcome d’interesse; in due studi è stata evidenziata una superiorità statisticamente significativa della teleriabilitazione. Conclusioni: Nonostante la revisione non sia giunta a risultati generalizzabili e di validità assoluta, la teleriabilitazione ha dimostrato di essere una modalità sicura ed efficace nel miglioramento clinico e funzionale dei soggetti operati alla spalla.

Strategie terapeutiche nel trattamento riabilitativo del soggetto affetto da Malattia di Parkinson: Scoping Review

Background: La Malattia di Parkinson è una malattia neurodegenerativa che dà disturbi del movimento tipici: tremore a riposo, ipocinesia o bradicinesia, rigidità e instabilità posturale; inoltre, include anche disturbi non motori quali: ansia, depressione, disturbi del sonno, disfagia, disartria e deterioramento cognitivo. L’insieme dei sintomi motori e non motori influenza la quotidianità del paziente, riduce la partecipazione e la qualità di vita in tutte le fasi della malattia. La riabilitazione motoria può aiutare a mitigare gli effetti dei sintomi motori e migliorare la qualità della vita del soggetto con PD[6,7], ma non esiste un protocollo univoco per il trattamento di questa malattia. Obiettivo: l’obiettivo di questa Scoping Review è di individuare strategie terapeutiche alternative al trattamento convenzionale nel percorso riabilitativo del paziente affetto da Malattia di Parkinson. Disegno dello studio: sono stati presi in considerazione studi pubblicati tra il 2020 e il 2022 su diverse attività non tradizionali proposte a pazienti con Parkinson. Le banche dati utilizzate sono PubMed, PEDro e Cochrane Library. Sono stati posti come criteri di inclusione: soggetti esclusivamente con Malattia di Parkinson di età > 18 anni e articoli in lingua inglese. Sono stati inclusi quindi Review, RCT e articoli di giornali che soddisfacessero la checklist della PRISMA Extension per le Scoping Review. Risultati: al termine della selezione, sono stati inclusi 6 studi che facevano riferimento ad attività come il ballo, l’arrampicata sportiva, l’esercizio in acqua, lo Yoga, il Nordic Walking e la teleriabilitazione nel PD. Conclusioni: la letteratura analizzata fornisce buoni risultati legati alle attività per il trattamento di sintomi motori e non motori del soggetto con PD. Tuttavia, gli studi hanno riportato la necessità di eseguire ulteriori prove per una conferma dell’efficacia statisticamente significativa sui disturbi del PD, con gruppi di pazienti più ampi.

Recognition of human activities through eSteps insoles

Recognition of everyday human activity through mobile personal sensing technology plays a central role in the field of pervasive healthcare. The Bologna-based American company eSteps Inc. addresses the growing motor disability of the lower limbs by offering pre-, during and post-hospitalisation monitoring solutions with biomechanics and telerehabilitation protocol. It has developed a smart, customised and sustainable device to monitor motor activity, fatigue and injury risk for patients and a special app to share data with caregivers and medical specialists. The objective of this study is the development of an Artificial Intelligence model to recognize the activity performed by a person with Multiple Sclerosis or a healthy person through eSteps devices.