7 resultados para syringin


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An HPLC with SPE method has been developed for analysis of constituents in rat blood after oral administration of the extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (ASE). The plasma sample was prepared by SPE method equipped with Oasis HLB cartridge (3cc, 60 mg). The analysis was performed on a Dikma Diamonsil RP(18) column (4.6 mmx150 mm, 5 microm) with the gradient elution of solvent A (ACN) and solvent B (0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid, v/v) and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.156-15.625 microg/mL. The LOD was 60 ng/mL. The intraday precision was less than 5.80%, and the interday precision was less than 6.0%. The recovery was (87.30 +/- 1.73)%. As a result, 19 constituents were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of the ASE, including 11 original compounds in ASE and eight metabolites, and three of the metabolites originated from syringin in ASE. Six constituents were identified by comparing with the corresponding reference compounds.

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水母雪莲(Saussurea medusa Maxim)为菊科凤毛菊属植物,是名贵中药材。为解决雪莲资源匮乏,我们实验室通过植物组织培养技术,成功的建立起水母雪莲细胞和毛状根体系。通过对它的药理实验及化学成分分析,主要成分为黄酮类物质和紫丁香甙单体。为了进一步提高这些物质在水母雪莲培养物中的含量,本文开展通过添加外源诱导子手段来调控水母雪莲次生代谢合成途径。 利用水杨酸(SA)和酵母提取物(YE)作为外源诱导子,添加到水母雪莲细胞系和毛状根系培养基中,研究诱导子不同添加浓度和不同添加时间对水母莲细胞系和毛状根系的生长及次生物质合成的诱导效应。实验结果发现:对于细胞系来说,SA比YE的诱导效果要好,低浓度SA处理时,不仅能促进细胞的生长,还能提高水母雪莲细胞中黄酮化合物和紫丁香甙的含量。其中,在细胞生长周期的第6天添加终浓度为20 μM的SA,诱导效果表现最佳。在此条件下,细胞内总黄酮产量达到532 mg/l,紫丁香甙为630 mg/l,分别比对照提高了130%,和150%。对于毛状根体系来说,SA和YE生长早期添加会抑制毛状根生长。总体上,YE的诱导效果比SA明显。在第10天添加终浓度为40 μg/ml的YE,总黄酮达到741 mg/l,紫丁香甙达到303 mg/l,分别是对照的2.8和2.5倍。 同时研究了20 μM和100 μM SA诱导下,黄酮合成途径中相关酶的变化。发现,低浓度的SA能在短时间内诱导CHS和CHI表达,24h后PAL酶活性升高到对照的7.5倍,而48 h总黄酮的含量检测到最高值。因此可以初步断定,SA诱导苯基苯丙烷类物质的积累与CHS和CHI表达,PAL酶活性提高有关。 另外,从水母雪莲cDNA中克隆到雪莲黄酮合成途径的第一个关键酶—查耳酮合成酶基因(SmCHS)全长cDNA。此cDNA序列全长为1313bp,其编码的蛋白为389个氨基酸,推测的氨基酸序列与许多物种都高度同源,同源性高达88%。生物信息学分析,SmCHS具有CHS-like保守结构域,其二级结构与苜蓿的CHS十分相似,且苜蓿中的CHS酶活性中心的关键氨基酸位点在SmCHS也一致对应相同,没有突变。因此可以初步推测这个SmCHS应该具有查耳酮合成酶功能。并进一步构建SmCHS植物表达载体,转化拟南芥chs突变体,通过功能互补分析研究此基因的功能。由于时间关系这部分研究尚在进行中。

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水母雪莲(Saussurea medusa Maxim.)和新疆雪莲(Saussurea involucrata Karel. et Kir.)是我国珍稀的药用植物资源,具有清热解毒、止痉镇痛、敛伤、消肿及治疗热病、风湿等多种功效。雪莲的主要药用成份为紫丁香甙(Syringin)、芦丁(Rutin)、高车前素(Hispidulin)和Jaceosidin等苯基丙酸类(phenylpropanoid)和黄酮类(flavonoids)物质。最新的药理研究表明,上述物质还具有抗菌消炎、保肝降压、延缓衰老和抑制癌细胞增殖等重要的研发价值。 雪莲生境恶劣,生长缓慢,人工引种困难,加上长期掠夺性采挖,已使雪莲处于灭绝的边缘。为了保存国家珍稀植物品种,保护生态环境,满足临床上对雪莲药物的需求,本研究在雪莲组织培养的基础上,应用诱导子添加技术和毛状根培养技术对雪莲中具有重要药用价值的次生代谢物质进行调控,并对雪莲MYB类转录因子的功能进行了初步探索,为保护珍稀植物资源、维护生态环境、开发野生雪莲替代产品、缩短雪莲药用成份的生产周期奠定了基础。另外,分析了野生雪莲和雪莲培养物中主要生物活性成份的种类及含量,为今后雪莲药理药效研究及品质评价奠定了基础。 为了提高雪莲黄酮的产量,满足工业化生产的需要,在细胞培养水平上,通过添加茉莉酸甲酯(MJ),对雪莲黄酮类物质的代谢进行调控。研究了诱导子的添加时间、添加浓度对水母雪莲红色系悬浮细胞的生物量和总黄酮产量的影响。发现在细胞培养的指数期(第9天)添加5.0 µmol/L的MJ,可以使总黄酮产量提高2.4倍(1134.5 ± 63.86 mg/L),而雪莲细胞干重(dw)仅比对照提高23.8 %(20.4 ±0.27 g/L)。另外,细胞中苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)的活性分析表明,MJ添加后PAL活性的增加与雪莲总黄酮含量增长之间存在相关性。 在器官培养水平上,对雪莲毛状根的诱导频率及其培养条件进行了研究。结果表明,选择发根农杆菌R1601侵染预培养2天的新疆雪莲根段外植体,毛状根的诱导效率可达到83 %。毛状根的冠瘿碱检测、PCR和Southern分析表明,Ri质粒中的T-DNA已整合到植物基因组中并稳定表达。以新疆雪莲毛状根为外植体,能够容易地获得再生芽。在含有1.0 mg/L 6-BA的MS固体培养基上,其再生频率高达91 ± 5.9 %,是其正常根的2.4倍。而水母雪莲在该培养条件下,仅有少量的畸形芽出现。进而对毛状根的培养条件进行初步研究,结果表明在无激素附加的MS液体培养基中,新疆雪莲的HR1601根系在一个培养周期内(32 天),其生物量能够达到接种量的16倍,而紫丁香甙含量(43.5 ± 1.13 mg/g dw)能够达到野生雪莲的83倍。从而显示了雪莲毛状根培养体系的优良特性。 在基因水平上,对雪莲黄酮类物质代谢调控的研究已经展开。玉米P基因编码的Myb类转录因子能够调节黄酮类物质代谢途径关键酶基因的表达。根据P基因的保守序列设计引物,从雪莲细胞培养物中获得了SmP基因。核酸序列分析表明,SmP基因与烟草中涉及苯丙素类物质代谢途径的LBM 1、LBM 3和MybAS 1基因具有较高的一致性,分别为66 %、60 %和61 %。因此为了研究雪莲SmP基因的功能,构建了正义表达载体,并与先前构建好的反义表达载体分别导入烟草,分析了转基因植株的形态特征及黄酮类物质的含量变化。其中,约有30 %转反义SmP基因的株系表现叶片皱缩、叶脉紊乱、主侧脉角度缩小、叶片、花瓣失去对称性以及花粉败育等性状。 另外,通过正交试验设计优化了雪莲提取工艺的条件,并对雪莲细胞提取物进行了分离纯化。正交试验设计结果表明,温度对雪莲黄酮提取效率的影响极为显著,而分批多次提取比一次性浸提,能够收到较好的提取效果。考虑到工业生产中的实际问题,推荐在60 ℃水浴条件下,采用50 %乙醇对雪莲样品连续浸提2次的方案。对雪莲提取物的纯化研究表明,雪莲成份复杂,仅依靠单一的分离手段,往往难以奏效。另外,野生雪莲及雪莲培养物中生物活性成份的比色法、HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography)、LC-ESI-MS(Liquid Chromotagraphy Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry)分析表明,传统的NaNO2-AlCl3 法测定雪莲总黄酮的含量,结果偏高,不利于雪莲黄酮的实验室研究分析与今后工业化生产的质量监控。而AlCl3 法的显色反应较为特异,今后有望取代NaNO2-AlCl3 法,作为雪莲类药材品质评价的标准。而HPLC-DAD结合LC-ESI-MS可以对雪莲中的主要生物活性成份进行较为准确的定性分析,从而解决了由于缺乏相应的雪莲化合物标准品而难以对雪莲中的成份进行定性定量分析及比较的难题。最后综合利用上述分析方法,对雪莲细胞培养物中的花素类物质进行了分析。结果表明,雪莲细胞中至少含有7种花色素类物质,分别为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖甙及其衍生物、天竺葵素糖甙衍生物和芍药色素糖甙衍生物。

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本论文对滇金足草(Goldfussia yunnanensis)、凋缨菊(Camchaya loloana)和长喙吴萸(Evodia vestia)的化学成分进行了研究,通过色谱分离得到40个化合物。主要基于波谱数据鉴定了它们的结构,其中10个为新化合物。 1.从滇金足草地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了16个化合物:泽漆内酯A(1)、18-羟基泽漆内酯A(2)、18-氧代泽漆内酯A(3)、18-羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A(4)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A(5)、3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖-泽漆内酯A(6)、6-E-肉桂酰哈巴俄苷(7)、E-哈巴俄苷(8)、5,6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、齐墩果酸(12)、肉桂酸(13)、麦角固醇(14)、硬脂酸(15)和丁二酸(16)。其中2-7为新化合物。5,6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷(9)以人工产物形式得到。 2.从凋缨菊地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:凋缨菊内酯A~C (17-19)、1β-乙酰基凋缨菊内酯C(20)、b-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、羽扇豆醇(21)、桦木醇(22)、桦木酸(23)、芥子醇(24)、紫丁香苷(25)、咖啡酸(26)和熊果酸(27)。其中化合物17-20为桉叶烷内酯类新化合物。化合物17、18、20对细胞株HepG2的GI50依次为7.80、7.08、4.99 µg/mL。 3.从长喙吴萸(E. vestia)地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:佛手内酯(28)、花椒毒素(29)、异茴芹内酯(30)、七叶内酯(31)、东莨宕素(32)、瑞香素(33)、异紫花前胡内酯(34)、茵芋碱(35)、山刈碱(36)、白鲜碱(37)、黄柏酮(38)、柠檬苦素(39)和对羟基苯甲醛(40)。 4.综述了1990—2007年期间从菊科植物中发现的桉叶烷-12,6内酯的化学结构、生物活性、生物转化及化学合成方面的研究进展。 Phytochemical investigation on Goldfussia yunnanensis, Camchaya loloana, and Evodia vestia, led to the isolation of 40 compounds, 10 of which were new ones. 1. Six new compounds were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of G. yunnanensis, and identified as 18-hydroxyhelioscopinolide A (2), 18-oxohelioscopinolide A (3), 18-hydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (5),3-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl helioscopinolide A (6), 6-O-trans-cinnamoyl E-harpagoside (7). The known compounds isolated were helioscopinolide A (1), E-harpagoside A (8), 5,6-isopropylidene E-harpagoside A (9), β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), oleanolic acid (12), cinnamic acid (13), ergosterol (14), stearic acid (15) and succinic acid (16). Compound 9 was an artifact. 2. Four new compounds, loloanolides A – C (17 - 19) and 1β-acetoxy-loloanolide C (20), were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of C. loloana. The known ones were β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), lupeol (21), betulin (22), betulinic acid (23), sinapyl (24), syringin (25), caffeic acid (26) and ursolic acid (27). The GI50 values of compounds 17, 18 and 20 to HepG2 cell line were 7.80, 7.08 and 4.99 µg/mL, respectively. 3. Thirteen were isolated from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of E. vestia for the first time. They were determined to be bergapten (28), xanthotoxin (29), isopimpinellin (30), esculetin (31), scopoletin (32), daphnetin (33), marmesin (34), skimmianine (35), confusameline (36), dictamine (37), obacunone (38), limonin (39) and p-hydroxy phenyl aldehyde (40). 4. The structures, biological activities, biotransformation and chemical syntheses of eudesmane-12, 6-olides from the Asteraceae during 1990-2007 were reviewed.

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活性筛选中发现尼泊尔水东哥 (Saurauia napaulensis DC.) 树皮95%乙醇提取物具有α-淀粉酶抑制活性、水麻(Debregeasia orientalis) 枝叶95%乙醇提取物显示血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性、青荚叶(Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dieter.) 95%乙醇提取物的中小极性部分显示蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶(PTP)1B抑制活性。为全面了解它们的成分及相关活性成份,主要运用硅胶柱层析方法从这三个植物分离得到39个化合物,通过波谱分析或与已知品对照的方法对其进行了鉴定。对木姜冬青(Ilex litseaefolia Hu et Tang)的成分做了进一步的研究,取得了如下结果。 1. 从尼泊尔水东哥树皮的95%乙醇提取物分离并鉴定12个化合物: auranamide、aurantiamide benzoate、齐墩果酸、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜甙、乌苏酸、2α,3α-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸、2α,3β,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2'R)-2' -hydroxytetracosanoylamino] -10-octadecene -1,3,4-triol、 2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸、2α,3β-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸和2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸。 2. 从水麻枝叶的95%乙醇提取物分离并鉴定了18个化合物:棕榈酸、二十烷酸、二十烷酸甲酯、β-谷甾醇、Monogynol A、桦木酸、Hederagenin、β-胡萝卜甙、18αH-19(29)-烯-3-酮-乌苏烷、3,4-开环-20(30)-烯-乌苏烷-3-酸、Pomolic acid,表儿茶素、儿茶素、槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、紫丁香苷、紫丁香酚苷和山萘酚-3-O-芸香糖。儿茶素、槲皮素和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为具有ACE抑制活性的成分。 3. 从木姜冬青95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离并鉴定了5个化合物: 2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-6,2´-二羟基-4,4´-二香草酰氧甲基-1,1´-二苯醚(冬青苷)和四个已知化合物:七叶内酯、香草酸、3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸和vanilloylcalleryanin。冬青苷为新化合物。 4. 从青荚叶95%乙醇提取物的中小极性部分分离并鉴定了9个化合物:β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜苷、羽扇豆醇、桦木醇、桦木酸、棕榈酸甘油酯、桂皮酸、6αH-4-烯-3-酮-豆甾醇和6βH-4-烯-3-酮-豆甾醇。 5. 对1985-2006年间天然二苯醚类化合物及活性研究进展进行综述. The in vitro test indicated that the 95% ethanolic extract of the barks of Saurauia napaulensis DC showed α-amylase inhibitory activity, the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plants of Debregeasia. orientalis showed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and some fractions of the 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Helwingia japonica showed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B inhibitory activity. In order to investigate components and active compounds of the three plants, they were chemically studied mainly using. Thirty-nine compounds were isolated predominantly by column chromatography identified by spectral methods or comparing them with authentic samples. Further investigation of Ilex litseaefolia Hu et Tang was carried out. Major results are as follows: 1. Twelve compounds were isolation from the 95% ethanolic extract of the barks of S. napaulensis DC. They were identified as auranamide, aurantiamide benzoate, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, β-daucosterol, ursolic acid, 2α,3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3β,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol, 2α,3α,24 -trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, and 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid, respectively, by spectral methods or comparing them with authentic samples. 2. Eighteen compounds were isolation from the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plants of D. orientalis. They were identified as palmitic acid, henicosanoic acid, henicosanoic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol, monogynol, betulinic acid, hederagenin, β-daucosterol, 18αH-urs-20(30)-en-3-one, 3,4-seco-urs-20(30)-en-3-oic acid, pomolic acid, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, syringin, syringiaresinol digloside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinose. (+)-Catechin, quercetin and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the ACE inhibitory active components. 3. Further phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate parts of 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of I. litseaefolia afforded 2-O-β-D-glucopyranose-4,4´-di-vanilloyloxymethyl-2,6´-dihydroxy-1,1´-diphenyl ether (ilexiside), esculetin, vanillic acid, 3,4-dimethoxybenzylacetic acid and vanilloylcalleryanin. Ilexiside was new compound. 4. Nine compounds were isolation from the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of H. japonica: β-sitosterol, β-daucosterol, lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, glycerol monopalmitate, cinnamic acid, stignast-4-en-6β-3-one and stignast-4-en-6α-3-one 5.Diphenyl ether compounds from nature between 1985-2006 were summarized.