Emergence time and foraging activity in Pallas' mastiff bat, Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in relation to sunset/sunrise and phase of the moon

The decision on when to emerge from the safety of a roost and forage for prey is thought to be a result of the trade off between peak insect abundance and predation pressure for bats. In this study we show that the velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus emerges just after sunset and just before sunrise for very short foraging bouts (average 82.2 min foraging per night). Contrary to previous studies, bats remain inactive in their roost between activity patterns. Activity was measured over two complete lunar cycles and there was no indication that phase of the moon had an influence on emergence time or the numbers of bats that emerged from the roost. This data suggests that M. molossus represents an example of an aerial hawking bat whose foraging behaviour is in fact adapted to the compromise between the need to exploit highest prey availability and the need to avoid predation.

Orçamento base zero e "sunset review": experiências dos Estados de São Paulo e do Texas

Analisa o problema de controle na administração púb1ica brasileira. O uso do Orçamento Base Zero & comparado nos governos Estaduais de são Paulo e Texas. Aborda os conceitos do instrumento de "Sunset Review" e problemas relacionados ao controle dos órgãos do Executivo pelo Legislativo. Analisa experiências como "Sunset Review no Governo do Estado do Texas

Ann Arbor viewed from the west (Sunset Hill)

Man wearing top hat standing by a rail fence on hill overlooking Ann Arbor, Michigan (Daybook, image #23)

A Grotto in the Gulf of Salerno, Sunset

Joseph Wright; 3 ft. 4 in.x 4 ft. 2 in.; oil on canvas

Sunset's vegetable garden book /

Includes index.

Sunset all-western cook book; how to select, prepare, cook, and serve all typically western food products, recipes included for favorite regional and foreign dishes peculiar to the West.

Mode of access: Internet.

South of the sunset : an interpretation of Sacajawea, the Indian girl that accompanied Lewis and Clark /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 286-287).