Comportamento de genótipos de soja submetidos a déficit hídrico intenso em casa de vegetação

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento e as características envolvidas nas respostas de três genótipos de soja, submetidos à indução de déficit hídrico de alta intensidade em casa de vegetação. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Estação de Horticultura e Controle Biológico Professor Mario César Lopes, NEE/UNIOESTE, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, no ano de 2007. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três genótipos de soja (CD 201, CD 202 e CD 217) e dois regimes hídricos (irrigação satisfatória e déficit hídrico), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. O déficit hídrico foi imposto por meio de suspensão da rega, no início da fase reprodutiva da cultura. Foram avaliados a umidade gravimétrica do solo (Ug) e o conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas (CRA), durante o período de déficit hídrico; a liberação de eletrólitos de discos foliares, no momento da reidratação; as variáveis biométricas, no final do período de recuperação e os componentes da produção e produção por planta, no final do ciclo da cultura. O déficit hídrico aplicado afetou de maneira distinta os genótipos testados, quanto à manutenção do status hídrico, da área foliar e, por consequência, do potencial produtivo. A diferenciação no comportamento dos genótipos foi possível, mesmo em condições de déficit hídrico intenso, sendo o CD 202 o que apresentou melhor comportamento. A manutenção do CRA e da área foliar devem ser consideradas como características de interesse no desenvolvimento de materiais adaptados a condições de restrição hídrica.

Ecofisiologia de plantas jovens de mogno-africano submetidas a deficit hídrico e reidratação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de plantas jovens de mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis) em recuperar seu status hídrico e trocas gasosas após período de deficit hídrico. Plantas com aproximadamente 315 dias, irrigadas (controle) e não irrigadas, foram avaliadas aos 14 dias da suspensão da irrigação e após um, três e sete dias da retomada da irrigação (reidratação). No dia 14, o potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã (Ψam) das plantas estressadas foi reduzido a -2,66 MPa. Com a restrição hídrica, foram observadas reduções significativas no conteúdo relativo de água na antemanhã (redução de 32%), na taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (90%), na condutância estomática (95%), na transpiração (93%) e na razão entre concentração intercelular e ambiental de CO2 (37%). Durante a reidratação, o status hídrico das plantas estressadas foi restabelecido após três dias. As trocas gasosas também se restabeleceram, mas de forma mais lenta que o status hídrico. Sob deficit hídrico, a concentração de prolina aumentou e a de carboidratos solúveis totais diminuiu. Plantas jovens de mogno-africano são tolerantes ao deficit hídrico moderado.

Ecofisiologia de plantas jovens de mogno-africano submetidas a deficit hídrico e reidratação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de plantas jovens de mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis) em recuperar seu status hídrico e trocas gasosas após período de deficit hídrico. Plantas com aproximadamente 315 dias, irrigadas (controle) e não irrigadas, foram avaliadas aos 14 dias da suspensão da irrigação e após um, três e sete dias da retomada da irrigação (reidratação). No dia 14, o potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã (Ψ_am) das plantas estressadas foi reduzido a -2,66 MPa. Com a restrição hídrica, foram observadas reduções significativas no conteúdo relativo de água na antemanhã (redução de 32%), na taxa de assimilação líquida de CO₂ (90%), na condutância estomática (95%), na transpiração (93%) e na razão entre concentração intercelular e ambiental de CO₂ (37%). Durante a reidratação, o status hídrico das plantas estressadas foi restabelecido após três dias. As trocas gasosas também se restabeleceram, mas de forma mais lenta que o status hídrico. Sob deficit hídrico, a concentração de prolina aumentou e a de carboidratos solúveis totais diminuiu. Plantas jovens de mogno-africano são tolerantes ao deficit hídrico moderado.

Influência do etileno na regulação do florescimento de Coffea arabica L.

Coffee is one of the most valuable exported agricultural product worldwide as well as the second most traded commodity after oil. This crop represents a source of employment and considerably accounts for the revenue of the country, besides its undeniable importance for local and world socioeconomical scenery. The quality of the coffee drink is directly related to the fruit ripening stage, which is found in different stages at harvesting due to the sequential flowering, increasing costs with the production and generating a lower-quality beverage. The asynchronous flowering of the coffee tree comes from the uneven development of buds, which can be influenced by environmental factors, taking into account that the anthesis takes place after a water deficit period, followed by precipitation. Changes in the hormone balance have been observed after water deficit and rehydration cycles, and such oscillation on the water status of the plant increased the level of ethylene in some species. This finding led to the association between the requirements at the flowering stage of the coffee tree and the involvement of the ethylene in promoting anthesis. The application of 1- MCP (ethylene action inhibitor) triggered the anthesis in coffee trees. And, in coffee seedlings in greenhouse conditions after a period of water shortage followed by irrigation, the profile of gene expression of the biosynthesis route and signaling of ethylene are changed in leaves and roots. The increased levels of the ethylene precursor (ACC) in roots throughout the dry season and the transportation of this compound into shoots may be the signal to trigger the anthesis in coffee tree after rehydration. Thus, in order to better understand the role of the ethylene in regulation of flowering, we analyzed the effects of the exogenous application of 1-MCP in different physiological characteristics and in the expression of genes related to the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in coffee leaves and bud from plants under field conditions. The evaluations and tissue sampling were carried out in different times treatments implementation: T1 – control, T2 – 1-MCP+Break-Thru, and T3 – Break-Thru. There was influence of 1-MCP and Break-Thru in gas exchange parameters and of 1-MCP contributed to the increase in relative water content. RT-qPCR analyses showed a different behavior in relation to the profile of gene expression in leaves and buds analyzed in the present study (CaACS1 – like, CaACO1 – like, CaACO4 – like, CaETR4 – like) and the expression levels were changed a few hours (2h) after applying the products. However, there was flowering only in plants treated with 1-MCP, in the absence of rain and irrigation.

Efeitos do estresse induzido por polietileno glicol (PEG 6000) em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Respostas ecofisiológicas de cafeeiros submetidos ao deficit hídrico para concentração da florada no Cerrado de Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de imposição do deficit hídrico sobre a concentração da florada do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica), bem como sobre as trocas gasosas, a produtividade, a maturação e a qualidade dos grãos. As cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9 foram avaliadas conforme os seguintes tratamentos: não irrigado (NI), irrigado continuamente (IC), e suspensão da irrigação em 1/7/2010 (D1) e em 1/8/2010 (D2), com retorno desta em 24/9/2010. Cerca de três dias após a retomada da irrigação, registrou-se a ocorrência de uma "chuva de florada", com precipitação de 69 mm. O potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã (Ψam) nas cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9, em 22/9, foi de -0,59 e -0,82 MPa, -0,53 e -0,79 MPa, e -0,34 e -0,49 MPa, para os tratamentos NI, D1 e D2, respectivamente. O percentual máximo de botões florais no estádio E4, imediatamente antes da ocorrência da chuva, não foi afetado pelos níveis de deficit impostos durante o inverno, independentemente das cultivares. Os níveis moderados de deficit hídrico impostos pelos tratamentos (Ψam ~ -0,80 MPa) produziram pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as trocas gasosas, a taxa de florescimento ou a uniformidade de maturação - percentagem de cerejas de 66% -, e a produtividade e a classificação dos grãos, de ambas as cultivares. O efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o status hídrico dos botões florais não se sobrepõe ao efeito da chuva de florada, que foi determinante para sua abertura.

Efeito do déficit hídrico na efiCiência de herbicidas e nas características bioquímicas de Ipomoea grandifolia

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas inibidores da ALS e PROTOX no controle de Ipomoea grandifolia sob dois níveis de déficit hídrico, bem como determinar a influência desse déficit hídrico sobre o conteúdo de carboidratos solúveis, proteínas totais e aminoácidos livres da planta daninha. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro herbicidas (fomesafen, lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr) e dois níveis de déficit hídrico (com e sem déficit: -0,5 MPa e -0,01 MPa, respectivamente). Aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação, o controle foi avaliado de forma visual, e a determinação dos solutos orgânicos foi feita 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas. À exceção de chlorimuron-ethyl, os demais herbicidas controlaram eficientemente I. grandifolia. A eficiência de controle dos herbicidas foi afetada pela condição de déficit hídrico. Os herbicidas elevaram o conteúdo de carboidratos solúveis, independentemente da condição hídrica, e proporcionaram redução de proteínas solúveis nas plantas de I. grandifolia, bem como aumentaram as concentrações de aminoácidos livres.

Distribuição de raízes e a relação com o estado hídrico de laranjeira 'valência' enxertada sobre limoeiro 'cravo'

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Summer deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard cv. Arbequina: relationship between soil and tree water status, and growth and yield components

El potencial hídrico del tronco es una herramiento útil para el manejo del riego. Los umbrales de riego deben establecerse para cada periodo fisiológico. En este experimento, realizado en Arbequina en seto, se estudio la relacion entre los potenciales hídricos y la produccion de aceite. Cuando los potenciales hidricos son inferiores a -1.3 MPa el crecimiento vegetativo se reduce mas del 50%. En cuanto a la produccion, se observó que regando en Julio cuando se alcanzan potenciales cercanos a -2.9 MPa se puede ahorrar agua sin afectar a la produccion. Sin embargo en Agosto el potencial debe mantenerse por encima de -2 MPa para que no se resienta la producción.

Estudio de los efectos en el viñedo de la modificación del déficit hídrico continuo en los periodos anterior y posterior al envero (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon; Vitis vinifera L.)

En regiones semiáridas, con veranos cálidos, evapotranspiraciones elevadas, humedades relativas bajas, además de precipitaciones intermitentes y escasas (400 mm al año) que reducen la recarga del perfil en invierno, se puede ver afectada la productividad y sostenibilidad de los viñedos. Por eso en estas zonas puede ser necesario utilizar el riego suplementario para mantener la calidad y aumentar la productividad. En este marco de circunstancias es en el que se desarrolla la mayoría de la viticultura española, y en concreto en la zona centro donde se realizó el estudio. Con este trabajo se pretende estudiar la influencia del agua del riego, con distintas dosis y aplicada en diferentes fases de crecimiento y maduración de la baya, en la producción y calidad de la uva. Se estudió la influencia del déficit moderado continuo aplicado antes y después de envero, en el aprovechamiento de los recursos ambientales y en la respuesta del cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. El ensayo se desarrolló en 2010 y 2011 en la finca “La Alcoholera”, perteneciente a bodegas LICINIA S.L., ubicada en la localidad de Chinchón, Comunidad de Madrid, España. Durante 2010 y 2011 se realizaron estudios en cepas del cv. Cabernet Sauvignon (clon 15), injertadas sobre 41B y plantadas en 2005. Con poda corta en Cordón Royat unilateral de 80 cm de altura, y cuya vegetación alcanzó una altura de 97 cm. Las cepas del ensayo fueron conducidas verticalmente en espaldera (VSP), con 10 yemas por metro lineal. Las plantas dentro de la fila fueron separadas 1 m y la distancia de la calle fue de 3 m. La orientación de las filas norte – sur. Se plantearon cuatro tratamientos experimentales con diferentes dosis y momento de aplicación del riego. - T: Testigo. Déficit ligero, con un aporte continuado de agua desde floración (420 mm). - DMc: Déficit moderado continuo. Manejo del riego convencional, empezando en pre-envero (154 mm) - DM1: Déficit moderado a partir de pre-envero. Aporte de riego continuado desde floración reduciéndose la dosis de riego en pre-envero (312 mm). - DM2: Déficit moderado hasta pre-envero. Se empezó a regar a partir de preenvero (230 mm). Se observó que bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico leve, el crecimiento se reduce disminuyendo la migración de fotoasimilados hacia los órganos vegetativos. Generando menor área foliar en las plantas sometidas a déficit hídrico moderado entre floración y cuajado. Disminuyendo su consumo. En maduración la humedad del suelo dependió principalmente del riego aplicado y del consumo de la planta; dicho consumo dependió a la vez del desarrollo foliar del canopy y de la necesidad hídrica de la vid. El aumento del déficit hídrico disminuyó el contenido de agua en el suelo, lo que provocó diferencias en el estado hídrico y en el intercambio gaseoso de las hojas. En condiciones de déficit moderado, la fotosíntesis se encontró altamente correlacionada con el potencial hídrico foliar medido a mediodía solar. Además en condiciones de déficit moderado continuo la disponibilidad hídrica, la demanda atmosférica y el nivel de hidratación de las hojas, interaccionaron de forma compleja en la regulación estomática de las hojas, condicionando el intercambio gaseoso y la eficiencia en el uso del agua. Al aumentar el volumen de agua aplicado el peso de madera de poda por metro de fila fue superior. Las diferencias encontradas en el rendimiento fueron debidas a las diferencias en el peso de baya. El cual estuvo condicionado por la estrategia de riego, ya que, el déficit hídrico moderado antes de envero fue más crítico para el rendimiento que el déficit impuesto durante la madurez. Por otro lado, la biomasa dependió de la actividad fisiológica de la planta, la cual fue altamente dependiente de la disponibilidad hídrica. Déficit hídrico moderado aplicado de cuajado a envero, generó bayas más pequeñas y aumentó la relación hollejo:pulpa. El déficit moderado aplicado después de envero favoreció la acumulación de IPT y antocianos extraíbles, mejorando la calidad de la uva, pero disminuyó la acidez de la baya. El riego aplicado de envero a vendimia desaceleró la concentración de azúcares en bayas que fueron sometidas a déficit antes de pre-envero. ABSTRACT Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot summers, high evapotranspiration rates, and scarce precipitations (400 mm per year) during grapevine cycle. These extremely dry conditions affect vineyard productivity and sustainability. Supplementary irrigation is needed practice in order to maintain yield and quality. Almost all Spanish grape growing regions are characterized by these conditions, especially in the center region, where this trial was performed. The main objective of this work is to study the influence of water irrigation on yield and quality. For this aim, different levels of irrigation (mm of water applied) were applied during different stages of growth and berry maturity of Caberent Sauvignon grapevines. The work was conducted from 2010 to 2011 and located in Licinia (40º 12´ N, 3º 28´ W), Madrid, Spain. The cultivar utilized was Cabernet Sauvignon, clone 15 grafted onto rootstock 41B, planted in 2005. The vineyard was oriented north-south, with spacing on 3 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. Vines were spurpruned to 10 buds per meter and trained in unilateral cordon with a height of 80 cm. Shoots were positioned vertically (VSP). Considering the amount of water and the moment of the application, four experimental treatments were applied: - T: Control sample. Slight deficit (420 mm) applied from bloom to maturity. - DMc: Continuous moderate deficit. Traditional irrigation: application of 154 mm of water from pre-veraison to maturity. - DM1: Deficit moderate from pre-veraison. Irrigation of 312 mm of water from bloom to pre-veraison. - DM2: Deficit moderate to pre-veraison. Irrigation of 230 mm of water from preveraison to maturity Under moderated water stress conditions it was seen than leaf growth decreases due to the reduction of migration of photo-assimilates to vegetative organs. Vines with moderate water deficit between flowering and ripening develop less leaf area and decrease its water consumption. During maturation of berries, soil moisture depends on irrigation and plant consumption. This consumption further depends on vegetation development and on the vine needs for water. By increasing water deficit, the water content in the soil decreases. This causes differences in leaf water status and in the gases exchange. Under moderate deficit conditions, photosynthesis was found highly correlated with midday leaf water potential. Further, atmospheric demand and the level of leaves hydration interact in complex ways in the stomatal regulation, which affects leaf gas exchange and the efficiency of water use. The amount of water applied is directly proportional to pruning weight. Changes in berry weight cause differences in yield ratios. The differences in berry weights are conditioned by the irrigation strategy, the moderate water deficit before veraison influences more than the deficit applied from veraison. Biomass generated for the plant depends on its physiological activity, which is highly related to the water availability. Moderate water deficit applied from fruit set to ripening generates smaller berries, increasing the pulp/skin ratio. Moderate deficit applied after veraison promotes the accumulation of extractables anthocyans and TPI. Despite this treatment improves color parameters of the grapes, it decreases its total acidity. Irrigation applied from veraison to harvest slows down sugar accumulation in berries compared to those under deficit before veraison conditions.

Temporomandibular Dysfunction Post-craniotomy: Evaluation Between Pre- And Post-operative Status.

To identify risk factors associated with post-operative temporomandibular joint dysfunction after craniotomy. The study sample included 24 patients, mean age of 37.3 ± 10 years; eligible for surgery for refractory epilepsy, evaluated according to RDC/TMD before and after surgery. The primary predictor was the time after the surgery. The primary outcome variable was maximal mouth opening. Other outcome variables were: disc displacement, bruxism, TMJ sound, TMJ pain, and pain associated to mandibular movements. Data analyses were performed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. The maximal mouth opening was significantly reduced after surgery in all patients (p = 0.03). In the multiple regression model, time of evaluation and pre-operative bruxism were significantly (p < .05) associated with an increased risk for TMD post-surgery. A significant correlation between surgery follow-up time and maximal opening mouth was found. Pre-operative bruxism was associated with increased risk for temporomandibular joint dysfunction after craniotomy.

Changes In Liver Cell Dna Methylation Status In Diabetic Mice Affect Its Ft-ir Characteristics.

Lower levels of cytosine methylation have been found in the liver cell DNA from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice under hyperglycemic conditions. Because the Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) profiles of dry DNA samples are differently affected by DNA base composition, single-stranded form and histone binding, it is expected that the methylation status in the DNA could also affect its FT-IR profile. The DNA FT-IR signatures obtained from the liver cell nuclei of hyperglycemic and normoglycemic NOD mice of the same age were compared. Dried DNA samples were examined in an IR microspectroscope equipped with an all-reflecting objective (ARO) and adequate software. Changes in DNA cytosine methylation levels induced by hyperglycemia in mouse liver cells produced changes in the respective DNA FT-IR profiles, revealing modifications to the vibrational intensities and frequencies of several chemical markers, including νas -CH3 stretching vibrations in the 5-methylcytosine methyl group. A smaller band area reflecting lower energy absorbed in the DNA was found in the hyperglycemic mice and assumed to be related to the lower levels of -CH3 groups. Other spectral differences were found at 1700-1500 cm(-1) and in the fingerprint region, and a slight change in the DNA conformation at the lower DNA methylation levels was suggested for the hyperglycemic mice. The changes that affect cytosine methylation levels certainly affect the DNA-protein interactions and, consequently, gene expression in liver cells from the hyperglycemic NOD mice.

Analysis Of The Contribution Of Immunologically-detectable Her2, Steroid Receptors And Of The Triple-negative" Tumor Status To Disease-free And Overall Survival Of Women With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer."

We assessed associations between steroid receptors including: estrogen-alpha, estrogen-beta, androgen receptor, progesterone receptor, the HER2 status and triple-negative epithelial ovarian cancer (ERα-/PR-/HER2-; TNEOC) status and survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. The study included 152 women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. The status of steroid receptor and HER2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Disease-free and overall survival were calculated and compared with steroid receptor and HER2 status as well as clinicopathological features using the Cox Proportional Hazards model. A mean follow-up period of 43.6 months (interquartile range=41.4 months) was achieved where 44% of patients had serous tumor, followed by mucinous (23%), endometrioid (9%), mixed (9%), undifferentiated (8.5%) and clear cell tumors (5.3%). ER-alpha staining was associated with grade II-III tumors. Progesterone receptor staining was positively associated with a Body Mass Index≥25. Androgen receptor positivity was higher in serous tumors. In stand-alone analysis of receptor contribution to survival, estrogen-alpha positivity was associated with greater disease-free survival. However, there was no significant association between steroid receptor expression, HER2 status, or TNEOC status, and overall survival. Although estrogen-alpha, androgen receptor, progesterone receptor and the HER2 status were associated with key clinical features of the women and pathological characteristics of the tumors, these associations were not implicated in survival. Interestingly, women with TNEOC seem to fare the same way as their counterparts with non-TNEOC.

Obesogenic Environment By Excess Of Dietary Fats In Different Phases Of Development Reduces Spermatic Efficiency Of Wistar Rats At Adulthood: Correlations With Metabolic Status.

This study compares the impact of obesogenic environment (OE) in six different periods of development on sperm parameters and the testicular structure of adult rats and their correlations with sex steroid and metabolic scenario. Wistar rats were exposed to OE during gestation (O1), during gestation/lactation (O2), from weaning to adulthood (O3), from lactation to adulthood (O4), from gestation to sexual maturity (O5), and after sexual maturation (O6). OE was induced by a 20% fat diet, and control groups were fed a balanced diet (4% fat). Serum leptin levels and adiposity index indicate that all groups were obese, except for O1. Three progressive levels of impaired metabolic status were observed: O1 presented insulin resistance, O2 were insulin resistant and obese, and groups O3, O4, and O5 were insulin resistant, obese, and diabetic. These three levels of metabolic damage were proportional to the increase of leptin and decreased circulating testosterone. The impairment in the daily sperm production (DSP) paralleled these three levels of metabolic and hormonal damage being marginal in O1, increasing in O2, and being higher in groups O3, O4, O5, and O6. None of the OE periods affected the sperm transit time in the epididymis, and the lower sperm reserves were caused mainly by impaired DSP. In conclusion, OE during sexual maturation markedly reduces the DSP at adulthood in the rat. A severe reduction in the DSP also occurs in OE exposure during gestation/lactation but not in gestation, indicating that breast-feeding is a critical period for spermatogenic impairment under obesogenic conditions.

Impact Of Severe Haemophilia A On Patients' Health Status: Results From The Guardian(™) 1 Clinical Trial Of Turoctocog Alfa (novoeight(®) ).

Haemophilia and its treatment interfere with patients' life and may affect adherence to treatment. This study explored the impact of severe haemophilia A on patients' health status, especially in young adults (YA), using data from guardian(™) 1, a multinational, open-label, non-controlled phase 3 trial investigating safety and efficacy of turoctocog alfa (NovoEight(®) ) in previously treated patients aged 12 years and older with severe haemophilia A (FVIII ≤ 1%). Health status was assessed using the EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D-3L), covering 5 dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression), and a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring self-rated overall health status. EQ-5D was administered pretreatment (screening/baseline) and posttreatment (end-of-trial). Baseline responses to the EQ-5D dimensions and VAS were described overall and by age and compared to reference values from UK general population. Guardian(™) 1 included 150 patients (16 adolescents, 83 YA aged 16-29 and 51 adults aged 30+). All five dimensions of patients' health status were impacted at baseline. The percentage of haemophilia patients reporting problems was consistently significantly greater than age-matched general population reference values. Likewise, for all age groups mean baseline EQ-5D VAS score was significantly lower for haemophilia patients (YA: 78.0) than for the general population (YA aged 18-29: 87.3). The health status of patients with severe haemophilia A entering guardian(™) 1 was markedly poorer than that of the general population, particularly regarding mobility and pain. YA patients reported better health status than older patients, but considerably lower than that of the general YA population.