Sound equipment, motion picture projection, public address systems,

"This new book constitutes the sixth edition of Motion picture projection, the second edition of Public address systems and the second edtion of Questions and answers on sound projection."--p. [1]

Abordagem inicial de les��es mam��rias por biopsia helic��ide: estudo experimental

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the kit-Bh performance in carrying out of breast biopsies. METHODS: They were randomly selected a sample of 30 patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy, based on the results of a pilot study from February 2008 to April 2010. They were excluded women with had not palpable, stone-hard consistency tumors, previous surgical manipulation or that contains liquid. Using the helicoid biopsy Kit (kit Bh) and an equipment Core biopsy with cannula and needle and 14 gauge respectively, it was collected a fragment of sound equipment in the area and in tumors in each specimen, totaling 120 fragments for histological study. For data analysis, it was defined a 95% confidence level and used the SPSS-13 version, the Kappa index and the parametric Student t test. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 51.6 years (�� 11.1 years). The infiltrating ductal carcinoma showed a higher incidence, 26 cases (86.7%). The Core biopsy had a sensitivity of 93.3%, specificity of 100% and accuracy 96.7%, while the helicoid biopsy had a sensitivity of 96.7%, specificity of 100% and accuracy 98.3%. By comparing the histology of tumors and the fragments of biopsies, there was high degree of agreement in diagnoses (kappa of 0.93 with p <0.05) CONCLUSION: Both devices provided the histological diagnosis of lesions with high accuracy. Results of this study showed that the helicoid biopsy is a reliable alternative in 22 the preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions. Further studies in vivo better will define the role of Kit Bh in the diagnosis of these lesions

Distributed Web Interface for Real-Time Spatial Audio Reproduction System

SSR es el acr��nimo de SoundScape Renderer (tool for real-time spatial audio reproduction providing a variety of rendering algorithms), es un programa escrito en su mayor��a en C++. El programa permite al usuario escuchar tanto sonidos grabados con anterioridad como sonidos en directo. El sonido o los sonidos se oir��n, desde el punto de vista del oyente, como si el sonido se produjese en el punto que el programa decida, lo interesante de este proyecto es que el sonido podr�� cambiar de lugar, moverse, etc. Todo en tiempo real. Esto se consigue sin modificar el sonido al grabarlo pero s�� al emitirlo, el programa calcula las variaciones necesarias para que al emitir el sonido al oyente le llegue como si el sonido realmente se generase en un punto del espacio o lo m��s parecido posible. La sensaci��n de movimiento no deja de ser el punto anterior cambiando de lugar. La idea era crear una aplicaci��n web basada en Canvas de HTML5 que se comunicar�� con esta interfaz de usuario remota. As�� se solucionar��an todos los problemas de compatibilidad ya que cualquier dispositivo con posibilidad de visualizar p��ginas web podr��a correr una aplicaci��n basada en est��ndares web, por ejemplo un sistema con Windows o un m��vil con navegador. El protocolo deb��a de ser WebSocket porque es un protocolo HTML5 y ofrece las ���garant��as��� de latencia que una aplicaci��n con necesidades de informaci��n en tiempo real requiere. Nos permite una comunicaci��n full-d��plex as��ncrona sin mucho payload que es justo lo que se ven��a a evitar al no usar polling normal de HTML. El problema que surgi�� fue que la interfaz de usuario de red que ten��a el programa no era compatible con WebSocket debido a un handshacking inicial y obligatorio que realiza el protocolo, por lo que se necesitaba otra interfaz de red. Se decidi�� entonces cambiar a JSON como formato para el intercambio de mensajes. Al final el proyecto comprende no s��lo la aplicaci��n web basada en Canvas sino tambi��n un servidor funcional y la definici��n de una nueva interfaz de usuario de red con su protocolo a��adido. ABSTRACT. This project aims to become a part of the SSR tool to extend its capabilities in the field of the access. SSR is an acronym for SoundScape Renderer, is a program mostly written in C++ that allows you to hear already recorded or live sound with a variety of sound equipment as if the sound came from a desired place in the space. Like the web-page of the SSR says surely better explained: ���The SoundScape Renderer (SSR) is a tool for real-time spatial audio reproduction providing a variety of rendering algorithms.��� The application can be used with a graphical interface written in Qt but has also a network interface for external applications to use it. This network interface communicates using XML messages. A good example of it is the Android client. This Android client is already working. In order to use the application should be run it by loading an audio source and the wanted environment so that the renderer knows what to do. In that moment the server binds and anyone can use the network interface. Since the network interface is documented everyone can make an application to interact with this network interface. So the application can have as many user interfaces as wanted. The part that is developed in this project has nothing to do neither with audio rendering nor even with the reproduction of the spatial audio. The part that is developed here is about the interface used in the SSR application. As it can be deduced from the title: ���Distributed Web Interface for Real-Time Spatial Audio Reproduction System���, this work aims only to offer the interface via web for the SSR (���Real-Time Spatial Audio Reproduction System���). The idea is not to make a new graphical interface for SSR but to allow more types of interfaces and communication. To accomplish the objective of allowing more graphical interfaces this project is going to use a new network interface. By now the SSR application is using only XML for data interchange but this new network interface support JSON. This project comprehends the server that launch the application, the user interface and the new network interface. It is done with these modules in order to allow creating new user interfaces that can communicate with the server or new servers that can communicate with the user interface by defining a complete network interface for data interchange.

Estudio ac��stico y electroac��stico para la realizaci��n de un musical en el teatro Rialto de Madrid

El prop��sito de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es el estudio ac��stico y electroac��stico de la realizaci��n del musical ���Hoy no me puedo levantar��� en el Teatro Rialto de Madrid en 2005. En primer lugar, se realiza una breve introducci��n hist��rica, citando sus remodelaciones y comentando la situaci��n actual del recinto. Posteriormente, es analizado el equipo de sonido empleado en el espect��culo a partir de cada uno de los distintos controles de sonido: FOH (Front of Hause), monitores y microfon��a inal��mbrica. De cada uno de ellos se explican sus principales funciones y los sistemas que los conforman. Tambi��n se describe la utilizaci��n de las cabinas insonorizadas. A continuaci��n, se detallan los sistemas electroac��sticos (empleados en el dise��o) de la sonorizaci��n de dicho musical, que se consideran divididos en las siguientes partes: sistema principal, refuerzos y retardos, efectos y monitores. Adem��s, se detalla el software RMS (Remote Monitoring System), que aporta informaci��n del funcionamiento de estos sistemas en tiempo real. Seguidamente, se exponen el equipo, procedimiento y resultados de la medida in situ en el Teatro, aplicando la Norma UNE-EN ISO 3382-2/2008 para obtener el tiempo de reverberaci��n y ruido de fondo. Con el objeto de inicializar la simulaci��n por ordenador, primero se exportan los planos originales de AutoCAD a EASE 4.4, donde se finaliza el proceso de modelar el recinto. Posteriormente, se asignan materiales, ��reas de audiencia, puntos de escucha y se ubican los sistemas electroac��sticos. Se afina el tiempo de reverberaci��n obtenido en la medida in situ mediante materiales de la base de datos del propio software. Tambi��n se ajustan los sistemas electroac��sticos en el recinto para obtener la ecualizaci��n empleada y los niveles de presi��n sonora directo y total para distintas frecuencias. Una vez finalizados los pasos anteriores, se procede a realizar estudios psicoac��sticos para comprobar posibles ecos y el efecto precedencia (empleando retardos electr��nicos o delays). Finalmente, se realizan estudios de inteligibilidad, en los que se justifica la Claridad de Voz (C50) y Claridad Musical (C80); el ��ndice de inteligibilidad del habla (SII), la P��rdida de articulaci��n de consonantes (Alcons) y el ��ndice de transmisi��n del habla (STI). Por ��ltimo se expone el presupuesto del proyecto y del alquiler del equipo de sonido del musical y se exponen las conclusiones del Proyecto Final de Carrera. ABSTRACT. The purpose of this Final Degree Project is the acoustic and electro-acoustic study of the musical ���Hoy No Me Puedo Levantar��� at Teatro Rialto in 2005 (Madrid, Spain). First of all, a brief review of its history is made, quoting its refurbishments and discussing the current situation of this enclosure. Later, the sound equipment of the show is analyzed through every different sound controls: FOH (Front Of House), monitors and wireless microphones. There is also an explanation about their principal functions and systems, as well as a description of the soundproof cabins. Then, the electro-acoustic systems are detailed and divided in the following parts: main system, boosters and delays, effects and monitors. The RMS software (Remote Monitoring System) is described too, since it gives relevant information of the systems operations in real time. Afterwards, equipment, procedures and results of the measurements are exposed, applying the UNE-EN ISO 3382-2/2008 regulation in order to obtain the reverberation time and background noise of the theatre. With the purpose of initialize the computer simulation, original plans are exported from AutoCad to EASE 4.4., where its modeling process is ended. Materials, audience areas, hearing points and electro-acoustic locations are assigned below. At the same time, reverberation time is tuned up using database materials of the software itself. Also, electro-acoustic systems of the enclosure are adjusted to get the equalization and pressure sound levels of the different frequencies. Once previous steps are finished, psycho-acoustic studies are made to check possible echoes and the precedence effect - using electronic delays -. Finally, intelligibility studies are detailed, where the Voice and Musical Clarities are justified: The Speech Intelligibility Index, the Loss of Consonants Articulation and the Talk Transmission Index. This Final Degree Project ends describing the budget and rent of the sound equipment and the final conclusions.

"Arrow" playmate of the month

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Safety enhancement of operator protection systems on self-propelled mining equipment

In the long term, with development of skill, knowledge, exposure and confidence within the engineering profession, rigorous analysis techniques have the potential to become a reliable and far more comprehensive method for design and verification of the structural adequacy of OPS, write Nimal J Perera, David P Thambiratnam and Brian Clark. This paper explores the potential to enhance operator safety of self-propelled mechanical plant subjected to roll over and impact of falling objects using the non-linear and dynamic response simulation capabilities of analytical processes to supplement quasi-static testing methods prescribed in International and Australian Codes of Practice for bolt on Operator Protection Systems (OPS) that are post fitted. The paper is based on research work carried out by the authors at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) over a period of three years by instrumentation of prototype tests, scale model tests in the laboratory and rigorous analysis using validated Finite Element (FE) Models. The FE codes used were ABAQUS for implicit analysis and LSDYNA for explicit analysis. The rigorous analysis and dynamic simulation technique described in the paper can be used to investigate the structural response due to accident scenarios such as multiple roll over, impact of multiple objects and combinations of such events and thereby enhance the safety and performance of Roll Over and Falling Object Protection Systems (ROPS and FOPS). The analytical techniques are based on sound engineering principles and well established practice for investigation of dynamic impact on all self propelled vehicles. They are used for many other similar applications where experimental techniques are not feasible.

Sound Recording Skills presentation by Matt Grover

Covers defining a sound in terms of amplitude, frequency, time, timbre and space. How sound behaves within a space. Digital recording settings. Winchester School of Art loan equipment. Winchester School of Art editing software overview.

Calibration of therapeutic ultrasound equipment

Temporal and spatial acoustic intensity (SATA) of therapeutic ultrasound (US) equipment should be monitored periodically. In order to evaluate the conditions of US equipment in use in the city of Piracicaba-Sao Paulo, Brazil, 31 machines - representing all Brazilian manufacturers - were analysed under continuous and pulsed conditions at a frequency of 1 MHz. Data about temporal and spatial acoustic intensity were collected and the use of equipment was surveyed. Intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 Wcm -2, indicated on the equipment panel were analysed using a previously calibrated digital radiation pressure scale, model UPM-DT-1 (Ohmic Instruments Co). The acoustic intensity (I) results were expressed as superior and inferior quartile ranges for transducers with metal surfaces of 9 cm 2 and an effective radiation area (ERA) Of 4 cm 2. The results under continuous conditions were: I 0.1 = -20.0% and -96%. I 0.2 = -3.1% and -83.7%. I 0.5 = -35.0% and -86.5%. I 0.8 = -37.5% and -71.0%. I 2.5 = -49.0% and -69.5%. I 3.0 = -58.1% and -77.6%. For pulsed conditions, intensities were: I 0.1 = -40.0% and -86.2%. I 1.0 = -50.0% and -86.5%. I 1.5 = -62.5% and -82.5%. I 2.0 = -62.5% and -81.6%. I 2.5 = -64.7% and -88.8%. I 3.0 = -87.1% and -94.8%. In reply to the questionnaire drawn up to check the conditions of use of equipment, all users reported the use of hydrosoluble gel as a coupling medium and none had carried out previous calibrations. Most users used intensities in the range of 0.4. to 1.0 Wcm -2 and used machines for 300 to 400 minutes per week. The majority of machines had been bought during the previous seven years and weekly use ranged from less than 100 minutes to 700 minutes (11 hours 40 minutes). Findings confirm previous observations of discrepancy between the intensity indicated on the equipment panel and that emitted by the transducer and highlight the necessity for periodic evaluations of US equipment.

Computed Ultrasound Tomography in Echo mode (CUTE) of speed of sound for diagnosis and for aberration correction in pulse-echo sonography

Sound speed as a diagnostic marker for various diseases of human tissue has been of interest for a while. Up to now, mostly transmission ultrasound computed tomography (UCT) was able to detect spatially resolved sound speed, and its promise as a diagnostic tool has been demonstrated. However, UCT is limited to acoustically transparent samples such as the breast. We present a novel technique where spatially resolved detection of sound speed can be achieved using conventional pulse-echo equipment in reflection mode. For this purpose, pulse-echo images are acquired under various transmit beam directions and a two-dimensional map of the sound speed is reconstructed from the changing phase of local echoes using a direct reconstruction method. Phantom results demonstrate that a high spatial resolution (1 mm) and contrast (0.5 % of average sound speed) can be achieved suitable for diagnostic purposes. In comparison to previous reflection-mode based methods, CUTE works also in a situation with only diffuse echoes, and its direct reconstruction algorithm enables real-time application. This makes it suitable as an addition to conventional clinical ultrasound where it has the potential to benefit diagnosis in a multimodal approach. In addition, knowledge of the spatial distribution of sound speed allows full aberration correction and thus improved spatial resolution and contrast of conventional B-mode ultrasound. �� (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Computed Ultrasound Tomography in Echo Mode for Imaging Speed of Sound Using Pulse-Echo Sonography: Proof of Principle

The limitations of diagnostic echo ultrasound have motivated research into novel modalities that complement ultrasound in a multimodal device. One promising candidate is speed of sound imaging, which has been found to reveal structural changes in diseased tissue. Transmission ultrasound tomography shows speed of sound spatially resolved, but is limited to the acoustically transparent breast. We present a novel method by which speed-of-sound imaging is possible using classic pulse-echo equipment, facilitating new clinical applications and the combination with state-of-the art diagnostic ultrasound. Pulse-echo images are reconstructed while scanning the tissue under various angles using transmit beam steering. Differences in average sound speed along different transmit directions are reflected in the local echo phase, which allows a 2-D reconstruction of the sound speed. In the present proof-of-principle study, we describe a contrast resolution of 0.6% of average sound speed and a spatial resolution of 1 mm (laterally) �� 3 mm (axially), suitable for diagnostic applications.

Time-frequency characterization of a sound propagation channel as an educational tool

This paper discusses the use of sound waves to illustrate multipath radio propagation concepts. Specifically, a procedure is presented to measure the time-varying frequency response of the channel. This helps demonstrate how a propagation channel can be characterized in time and frequency, and provides visualizations of the concepts of coherence time and coherence bandwidth. The measurements are very simple to carry out, and the required equipment is easily available. The proposed method can be useful for wireless or mobile communication courses.

Development of new sound absorbing materials for noise suppressors.

"Materials Laboratory, Contract no. AF33(616)-5060, Project no. 7231."

Field and depot maintenance : reproducing equipment MC-364-D and public address set AN/UIH-2.

"December 1958."

Temperature changes in dental pulp associated with use of power grinding equipment on equine teeth

Objective To quantify the temperature changes in the dental pulp associated with equine dental procedures using power grinding equipment. Design A matrix experimental design with replication on the same sample was followed to allow the following independent variables to be assessed: horse age (young or old), tooth type (premolar or molar), powered grinding instrument (rotating disc or die grinder), grinding time (15 or 20 seconds) and the presence or absence of water coolant. Procedure Sound premolar and molar teeth from a 6-year-old horse and a 15-year-old horse, which had been removed postmortem, were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane to allow placement of a miniature thermocouple at the level of the dental pulp. The maximum temperature increase, the time taken to reach this maximum and the cooling time were measured (n=10 in each study). The teeth were placed in a vice and the instrument used on the tooth as per clinical situation. Results Significant differences were recorded for horse age (P &lt; 0.001), instrument type (P &lt; 0.001), grinding time (P &lt; 0.001) and presence or absence of coolant (P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference for tooth type. Conclusion Thermal insult to the dental pulp from the use of power instruments poses a significant risk to the tooth. This risk can be reduced or eliminated by appropriate selection of treatment time and by the use of water irrigation as a coolant. The increased dentine thickness in older horses appears to mitigate against thermal injury from frictional heat.

Sound engineer at radio station WMCA New York

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].