Comportamento de misturas solo-cimento-fibra sob compressão confinada com medição de tensão lateral

Nesta dissertação desenvolve-se um equipamento de compressão confinada com medição de tensão lateral e avalia-se o comportamento, sobre a trajetória de tensões Ko, de um solo e de misturas de solo-fibra e solo-cimento, considerando a influência da adição de fibras de diferentes comprimentos e de cimento em variadas quantidades ao solo estudado bem como o efeito da tensão de cura e índice de vazios de cura na trajetória de tensões Ko, na tensão lateral, nas deformações verticais e nos valores de Ko. O solo utilizado no estudo é uma areia fina de granulometria uniforme extraída de uma jazida localizada no município de Osório – RS. O trabalho de pesquisa realizado com esses solos tem seu enfoque dividido em duas partes principais: (1) projeto, construção, validação e calibração do equipamento; (2) ensaios de compressão confinada com medição de tensão lateral em amostras de solocimento- fibra com dois comprimentos de fibras (6mm e 12 mm), três teores de cimento (1%, 3% e 7%) e em três diferentes condições de cura (cura sob tensão vertical de 0 kPa, cura sob tensão vertical de 0 kPa com índice de vazios modificado pela aplicação anterior à cura de uma tensão vertical de 500 kPa e cura sob tensão vertical de 500 kPa). Os níveis de tensões aplicados neste trabalho chegam a 3000 kPa. Os resultados mostram que o equipamento de compressão confinada com medição de tensões laterais funciona satisfatoriamente, apresentando dados coerentes e confiáveis A inclusão de fibras, bem como o aumento do comprimento das mesmas, diminui os valores de tensão lateral e de Ko em relação ao material sem reforço. A presença de cimento reduz a tensão lateral e gera uma tensão lateral residual, a qual aumenta com o teor de cimento. Da mesma forma, um acréscimo na rigidez ocorre com o aumento da quantidade de cimento. O efeito da cimentação diminui os valores de Ko e os tornam não mais constantes no carregamento. A alteração das condições de cura não causa mudanças significativas no que diz respeito às tensões, mas a rigidez inicial é aumentada com a mudança do índice de vazios e da tensão de cura dos materiais cimentados, sendo o acréscimo maior para a segunda.

Comportamento mecânico e hidráulico de misturas de solo-cimento-bentonita para a aplicação em barreiras verticais de contenção de contaminantes

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o comportamento hidráulico e mecânico de misturas de solo-bentonita (SB) e de solo-cimento-bentonita (SCB), bem como analisar a influência da variação do teor de bentonita e cimento com a finalidade de propiciar resultados capazes de auxiliar para um projeto construtivo de barreiras verticais de contaminantes. O programa experimental consistiu na realização de ensaios de compressão não-confinada, ensaios triaxiais convencionais adensados não-drenados (CIU) e ensaios de condutividade hidráulica a fim de se estudar o comportamento das misturas de SB e SCB em termos de tensão-deformação-resistência e permeabilidade. Foram analisados diferentes fatores água-cimento, teores de umidade, tensões confinantes. Também foi avaliado o comportamento desses materiais através da definição de três valores distintos de teor de bentonita nas amostras de SCB. Já para as amostras de SB foram avaliados dois teores de bentonita. Em um primeiro instante, os resultados dos ensaios realizados para cada tipo de mistura foram analisados separadamente. A análise global dos resultados permitiu identificar as alterações provocadas na resistência, deformabilidade e condutividade hidráulica pela variação dos parâmetros. Os resultados dos ensaios de compressão não-confinada demonstraram que a variação do teor de umidade não implicou na variação de resistência ao cisalhamento de pico para amostras com mesmo fator águacimento. Os ensaios CIU indicaram que o aumento do teor de bentonita nas amostras acarretou em um aumento da resistência ao cisalhamento de pico e da rigidez do material. A condutividade hidráulica das misturas de SB apresentaram valores inferiores em relação às misturas de SCB.

Estudo da incorporação de cascalho proveniente da perfuração de poços de petróleo em formulações para tijolos de solo-cimento

The present work is to study the characteristics and technological properties of soil-cement bricks made from binary and ternary mixtures of Portland cement, sand, water, with or without addition of gravel from the drilling of oil wells, which could be used by industry, aiming to improve its performance and reduce cost by using the residue and, consequently, increasing its useful life. The soil-cement bricks are one of the alternatives to masonry construction. These elements, after a short curing period, provide compressive strength similar to that of solid bricks and ceramic blocks, and the higher the resistance the higher the amount of cement used. We used the soil from the city of São José do Mipibu / RN, the banks of the River Baldun, cement CPIIZ-32 and residue of drill cuttings from oil wells drilling onshore wells in the town of Mossley, RN, provided Petrobras. To determine the optimum mix, we studied the inclusion of different residues (100%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%) where 15 bodies were made of the test piece. The assessment was made of bricks made from simple compression tests, mass loss by immersion and water absorption. The experimental results proved the efficiency and high utilization of the waste from the drilling of oil wells, making the brick-cement-soil residue with a higher strength and lower water absorption. The best result in terms of mechanical strength and water absorption for the ternary mixture was 10% soil, 14% cement and 80% residue. In terms of binary mixtures, we obtained the best result for the mix-cement residue, which was 14% cement incorporated in the residue

Estudo da incorporação da cal em composições binárias de solo-cimento para produção de tijolos maciços

The use of binders in the soil for the production of solid bricks is an old construction technique that has been used by several civilizations over time. At the same time, the need for environmental preservation and the tendency of scarcity of natural resources make the construction invest in researching new concepts, methods and materials for building systems for the sustainability of their economic activities. Thus arises the need to obtain building materials with low power consumption, capable of reducing the growing housing shortage of rural and urban population. Currently, research has been conducted on this topic to better understand the cementitious and pozzolanic reactions that occur in the formation of the microstructure of the soil-cement when added to other materials such as, for example, lime, and the relationship between microstructure and formed interfaces with the physical, mechanical and chemical analysis in compounds made from these ternary compositions. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the results of the influence of the incorporation of lime to the soil-cement to form a ternary mixture to produce soil-cement bricks and mortar without structural purposes. From the inclusion of contents of 6 %, 8 %, 10% and 12% lime to the soil, and soil-cement mixes in amounts of 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 % were shaped-bodies of -cylindrical specimens to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry apparent specific weight. Then they were cured, and subjected to the tests of compressive strength, absorption and durability modified. Compositions obtained the best results in the tests performed on the bodies-of-proof cylindrical served as a parameter for molding of solid bricks, which underwent the same experimental methodology previously cited. The raw materials used, as well as compositions in which the bricks were molded solid, were characterized by physical and chemical tests, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained in the study indicate that the compositions studied, that showed the best results in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and durability ternary composition was soil, 10 % cement and 2 % lime

Resistência a compressão de tijolos de solo-cimento fabricados com o montículo do cupim Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832)

Objetivou-se neste trabalho, comparar a resistência à compressão de tijolos de solo-cimento fabricados com o montículo do cupim Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832), com tijolos que utilizaram como matéria prima um NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), 1999), ambos submetidos a duas idades de cura (07 ou 28 dias). O experimento foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2, sendo analisados dois cofatores: a matéria prima base e a idade de cura. Os ensaios físicos e mecânicos obedeceram às prescrições das normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas NBR-8492 (ABNT, 1982) e NBR-8491 (ABNT, 1984). Concluiu-se que a resistência à compressão dos tijolos foi maior com o aumento das idades de cura. O tratamento T4 apresentou maior valor de resistência à compressão, não diferindo estatisticamente dos tratamentos T2 e T1. Os tijolos fabricados com o montículo do cupim C. cumulans (Kollar, 1832) apresentaram diminuição da absorção de água com o aumento das idades de cura, o que normalmente corresponde a um maior aumento da resistência à compressão, ao contrário dos que utilizaram o NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), 1999).

Estudo do comportamento mecânico de estruturas de solo-cimento reforçado com fibras de coco e hastes de bambu

In this work the use of coconut fiber (coir) and bamboo shafts as reinforcement of soil-cement was studied, in order to obtain an alternative material to make stakes for fences in rural properties. The main objective was to study the effect of the addition of reinforcement to the soil-cement matrix. The effect of humidity on the mechanical properties was also analyzed. The soil-cement mortar was composed by a mixture, in equal parts, of soil and river sand, 14% in weight of cement and 10 % in weight of water. As reinforcement, different combinations of (a) coconut fiber with 15 mm mean length (0,3 %, 0,6 % and 1,2 % in weight) and (b) bamboo shafts, also in crescent quantities (2, 4 and 8 shafts per specimen) were used. For each combination 6 specimens were made and these were submitted to three point flexural test after 28 days of cure. In order to evaluate the effect of humidity, 1 specimen from each of the coconut fiber reinforced combination was immersed in water 24 hours prior to flexural test. The results of the tests carried out indicated that the addition of the reinforcement affected negatively the mechanical resistance and, on the other hand, increased the tenacity and the ductility of the material.

Estudo de dosagem de tijolos de solo-cimento com adição de resíduos de construção e demolição

An evaluation of the composition of soil cement bricks with construction and demolition waste. Sustainable development requires the existence of a production network that includes the reuse of construction waste for new materials. Current analysis investigates an optimal soil-cement composition made up of construction and demolition waste for the manufacture of pressed bricks. Soil-cement bricks were manufactured from construction and demolition wastes (CDW), A-4 classified fine sandy soil and cement CP II Z 32. Laboratory tests, comprising test compaction, optimum water content and maximum dry specific weight, consistency limits, grain size distribution and linear shrinkage, were made to characterize the materials researched. Compressive strength and absorption tests were also undertaken in different combinations of composition. Results showed that the application of CDW improved soil-cement qualities and reduced shrinkage of the material used.

Tijolos prensados de solo-cimento confeccionados com resíduos de concreto

In this work results are presented of laboratory tests aiming to evaluate the possibility of using concrete wastes in manufactured soil-cement pressed bricks. Tests of characterization of used soil of the composite of this soil with concrete wastes and of the mixtures of soil cement made with this composite were evaluated. According to results of tests carried out with cylindrical specimens and with soil cement pressed bricks, it was verified that the addition of the concrete wastes improved soil cement mechanical properties, favoring the a reduction of the cement consumption, obtaining pressed bricks with a better quality.

Otimização e estudo do comportamento do solo-cimento auto-adensável

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da influência de um reforço de solo-cimento compactado na extremidade superior de estacas escavadas, sob carregamentos horizontais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da adição de resíduos de concreto em tijolos prensados de solo-cimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A aplicação do resíduo de construção e demolição reciclado no compósito solo-cimento

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Estudo da influência da cinza de casca de arroz e da cal nas propriedades do solo-cimento auto-adensável

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Estudo da incorporação de cascalho proveniente da perfuração de poços de petróleo em formulações para tijolos de solo-cimento

The present work is to study the characteristics and technological properties of soil-cement bricks made from binary and ternary mixtures of Portland cement, sand, water, with or without addition of gravel from the drilling of oil wells, which could be used by industry, aiming to improve its performance and reduce cost by using the residue and, consequently, increasing its useful life. The soil-cement bricks are one of the alternatives to masonry construction. These elements, after a short curing period, provide compressive strength similar to that of solid bricks and ceramic blocks, and the higher the resistance the higher the amount of cement used. We used the soil from the city of São José do Mipibu / RN, the banks of the River Baldun, cement CPIIZ-32 and residue of drill cuttings from oil wells drilling onshore wells in the town of Mossley, RN, provided Petrobras. To determine the optimum mix, we studied the inclusion of different residues (100%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%) where 15 bodies were made of the test piece. The assessment was made of bricks made from simple compression tests, mass loss by immersion and water absorption. The experimental results proved the efficiency and high utilization of the waste from the drilling of oil wells, making the brick-cement-soil residue with a higher strength and lower water absorption. The best result in terms of mechanical strength and water absorption for the ternary mixture was 10% soil, 14% cement and 80% residue. In terms of binary mixtures, we obtained the best result for the mix-cement residue, which was 14% cement incorporated in the residue

Estudo da incorporação da cal em composições binárias de solo-cimento para produção de tijolos maciços

The use of binders in the soil for the production of solid bricks is an old construction technique that has been used by several civilizations over time. At the same time, the need for environmental preservation and the tendency of scarcity of natural resources make the construction invest in researching new concepts, methods and materials for building systems for the sustainability of their economic activities. Thus arises the need to obtain building materials with low power consumption, capable of reducing the growing housing shortage of rural and urban population. Currently, research has been conducted on this topic to better understand the cementitious and pozzolanic reactions that occur in the formation of the microstructure of the soil-cement when added to other materials such as, for example, lime, and the relationship between microstructure and formed interfaces with the physical, mechanical and chemical analysis in compounds made from these ternary compositions. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the results of the influence of the incorporation of lime to the soil-cement to form a ternary mixture to produce soil-cement bricks and mortar without structural purposes. From the inclusion of contents of 6 %, 8 %, 10% and 12% lime to the soil, and soil-cement mixes in amounts of 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 % were shaped-bodies of -cylindrical specimens to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry apparent specific weight. Then they were cured, and subjected to the tests of compressive strength, absorption and durability modified. Compositions obtained the best results in the tests performed on the bodies-of-proof cylindrical served as a parameter for molding of solid bricks, which underwent the same experimental methodology previously cited. The raw materials used, as well as compositions in which the bricks were molded solid, were characterized by physical and chemical tests, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained in the study indicate that the compositions studied, that showed the best results in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and durability ternary composition was soil, 10 % cement and 2 % lime