Principles of political economy, with some of their applications to social philosophy.

Mode of access: Internet.

Home and social philosophy; or, Chapters on every-day topics : From "Household words" /

Includes "Three Detective ancedotes", by Dickens.

Principles of political economy, with some of their applications to social philosophy,

Mode of access: Internet.

Principles of political economy : with some of their applications to social philosophy /

Mode of access: Internet.

The social philosophy and religion of Comte.

Mode of access: Internet.

Principles of political economy with some of their applications to social philosophy /

Mode of access: Internet.

Dictionary of philosophy and psychology : including many of the principal conceptions of ethics, logic, aesthetics, philosophy of religion, mental pathology, anthropology, biology, neurology, physiology, economics, political and social philosophy, philology, physical science, and education, and giving a terminology in English, French, German, and Italian /

Mode of access: Internet.

The social philosophy and religion of Comte /

Mode of access: Internet.

Filosofia, ciencia social y cognición humana

Tradicionalmente, las ciencias sociales se han fundado en categorías de sentido común para describir la realidad, de modo que aceptan tácitamente el principio de la folk psychology, según el cual las personas actúan para conseguir aquello que desean, dadas unas creencias. Sin embargo, aunque los deseos y las creencias puedan ser causas de la acción, no hay modo de definir de forma conceptualmente independiente cada uno de estos elementos con el fin de elaborar leyes de la acción que sean informativas y empíricamente corregibles o ajustables. Se hace necesario substituir este sistema explicativo por otro que «divida la naturaleza por sus articulaciones». Alejada del fallido programa de investigación conductista, la ciencia social puede explorar nuevas vías para convertirse en una disciplina rigurosa equipada con un conjunto de teorías que permitan reorganizar las valiosas observaciones disponibles y sugerir nuevas hipótesis interdisciplinariamente integradas. Sin embargo, esto no ocurrirá en la medida en que no haya forma de escapar a las limitaciones de la folk psychology. El presente artículo trata de mostrar cómo la psicología evolucionaria, centrada en los mecanismos evolucionados de procesamiento de información presentes en la mente humana, proporcionaría la conexión causal necesaria entre la biología evolucionaria y los complejos e irreductibles fenómenos sociales y culturales estudiados por sociólogos, economistas, antropólogos e historiadores.

Limits of Meritocracy. How Fields of Study and Gender Segregation Affect Social Stratification in Finland

This dissertation critically reviews the idea of meritocracy from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. Based on a discussion of classical texts of social philosophy and sociology, it is argued that meritocracy as a concept for social stratification is best compatible with the sociological tradition of status attainment research: both frame social inequality in primarily individualistic terms, centring on the role of ascribed (e.g., gender, social background) and achieved (e.g., educational qualifications) characteristics for determining individuals’ socioeconomic rewards. This theoretical argument introduces the research problem at the core of this dissertation: to what extent can the individualistic conception of social stratification be maintained empirically? Fields of study and their interaction with educational attainment levels play a prominent role in the analysis of this question. Drawing on sociological versions of segmented labour market theory, it is assumed that fields of study may channel individuals into heterogeneous political-economic contexts on the labour market, which potentially modify the socioeconomic benefit individuals derive from their qualification levels. The focus on fields of study may also highlight economic differentials between men and women that derive from the persisting segregation of men’s and women’s occupational and educational specializations rather than direct gender discrimination on the labour market. The quantitative analyses in this dissertation consist of three research articles, which are based primarily on Finnish data, but occasionally extend the view to other European countries. The data sources include register-based macro- and microdata as well as survey data. Article I examines the extent and the patterns of gender segregation within the Finnish educational system between 1981 and 2005. The results show that differences between men’s and women’s field specializations have for the most part remained stable during this period, with particularly high levels of gender segregation observed at lower educational levels. The focus in Article II rests on the effects of gender-segregated fields of study on higher education graduates’ occupational status. It is shown that fields of study matter for accessing professional jobs and avoiding low-skilled positions in Finland: at the early career stage, particularly polytechnic graduates from female-dominated fields are less likely to work in professional positions. Finnish university graduates from male-dominated fields were more likely than their peers with different specializations to work as professionals, yet they also faced a greater risk of being sorted into lowskilled jobs if they failed to make use of this advantage. Article III proceeded to analyse the joint impact of educational qualification levels and fields of study on young adults’ median earnings in Finland between 1985 and 2005. The results show that qualification levels do not confer a consistent benefit in the process of earnings stratification. Advanced qualifications raise median earnings most clearly among individuals specializing in the same field of study. When comparing individuals with different field specializations, on the other hand, higher-level qualifications do not necessarily lead to higher median earnings. Overall, the findings of this dissertation reveal a heterogeneous effect of education for achieving social positions, which challenges individual-centred, meritocratic accounts of social stratification and underlines the problematic lack of structural and institutional dimensions in the dominant account of social status attainment.

The social teachings of the prophets and Jesus /

Includes index.

Is economic philosophy a subject worth teaching?

Economic philosophy is anything but a part of the mainstream diet in the course of an economics education. Yet there are those – including occasional Nobel prizewinners – who argue that an understanding of economic philosophy is absolutely fundamental to an understanding of economics, of why economists disagree and of why “economic rationalists” are often derided by those from other professional backgrounds. The argument put in this paper is that many social science debates hinge more on the values or social philosophy implicitly involved than on technical matters of economic 'science', and that a nuanced understanding of economics requires that each school of thought be traced back to its foundations in terms of its implicit economic philosophy a prioris.

Entre a teoria social e a teoria da justiça : intersubjetividade, normatividade e vulnerabilidade

Este artigo pretende apresentar os motivos por trás de algumas propostas intersubjetivistas na teoria social e na teoria da justiça. Primeiramente, tentarei desenvolver alguns temas da filosofia de Hegel no sentido de formular a tese de que se estabelece aí uma relação fundamental entre teoria social e teoria da justiça (1). Em seguida, pretendo especificar o conteúdo desta relação num argumento duplo: mostrando (a) que ela consiste, do ponto de vista da teoria social, em uma dialética entre socialização e individualização; e (b) que esta dialética se vincula ao problema da normatividade, tornando-se relevante para a teoria da justiça (2). Em terceiro lugar, desejo mostrar que a ética do discurso projetou uma ampliação filosófico-jurídica não apenas para estabilizar a tensão entre validade e facticidade, mas que também, não sendo apenas especializada em questões de justiça, assume a tarefa de pensar a vulnerabilidade daquela dialética (3). Finalmente, procuro mostrar como uma teoria da justiça fundada no conceito intersubjetivo de liberdade é capaz de preencher mais adequadamente esta lacuna, criando condições para uma crítica terapêutica da modernidade (4). ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT