Synthesis and characterization of silicalite-1 composite membrane

Silicalite-1/carbon-graphite composite membranes have been prepared using a standard hydrothermal synthesis method and characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, BET and permeation experiments. Single gas permeation fluxes and binary mixtures separation and selectivity data are reported for methane, ethane and propane using the composite membranes. Carbon-graphite oxidized for 4 h prior to membrane preparation had the most promising separation properties. The permeation fluxes for the binary mixtures reflect that of the single component flux ratios. At 20 °C the membranes show high separation selectivity toward lighter component in binary mixtures. Single gas permeances for methane and ethane were found to decrease with increasing temperatures while that of propane fluctuates. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NMR study on the acidity of TS-1 zeolite

The acidic properties of TS-1 and Silicalite-I zeolites have been investigated by the solid-state MAS NMR technique capable of in situ sample pretreatment. As shown by a combination of the P-31 MAS NMR and H-1 MAS NMR techniques with trimethylphosphine, not only Bronsted acid sites but also Lewis acid sites exist in the TS-1 zeolites. Moreover, TS-1 zeolite is more acidic compared with Silicalite-1. The H-1, Si-29 MAS NMR spectra and the resonance related to Bronsted acid species in the P-31 MAS NMR spectra demonstrate clearly that the presence of titanium in the framework results in the formation of a new hydroxy group, titanols, which is more acidic than silanols of Silicalite-1. The P-31 MAS NMR measurements also illustrate convincingly the existence of at least two different Lewis acid species on the TS-1 zeolites. The conversion of propylene oxide into methoxypropanol catalyzed by TS-1 or Silicalite-I zeolite in methanol solution as a test reaction has also been described. With the increase of titanium in zeolite, TS-1 appears to have a higher activity during the reaction of propylene oxide to methoxypropanol.

Identifying framework titanium in TS-1 zeolite by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Framework titanium in Ti-silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite was selectively identified by its resonance Raman bands using ultraviolet (W) Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra of the TS-1 and silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained and compared using continuous wave laser lines at 244, 325, and 488 nm as the excitation sources. It was only with the excitation at 244 nm that resonance enhanced Raman bands at 490, 530, and 1125 cm(-1) appeared exclusively for the TS-1 zeolite. Furthermore, these bands increased in intensity with the crystallization time of the TS-1 zeolite. The Raman bands at 490, 530, and 1125 cm(-1) are identified as the framework titanium species because they only appeared when the laser excites the charge-transfer transition of the framework titanium species in the TS-1. No resonance Raman enhancement was detected for the bands of silicalite-1 zeolite and for the band at 960 cm(-1) of TS-1 with any of the excitation sources ranging from the visible tb UV regions. This approach can be applicable for the identification of other transition metal ions substituted in the framework of a zeolite or any other molecular sieve.

气相贝克曼重排新型固体酸催化剂研究

己内酰胺是一种重要的有机化工原料。采用环己酮肟的气相Beckmann重排的方法制己内酰胺可以解决传统的液相工艺中存在的副产硫酸胺、腐蚀设备和污染环境等问题。本研究的目的是开发出适合环己酮肟的气相Beckmann重排的固体酸催化新工艺。 首先，本工作用同位素标记的方法研究了Beckmann重排在固体酸B2O3/γ-Al2O3和TS-1上的反应机理。同位素标记后的产品采用质谱测量。通过与H218O交换氧，发现环己酮肟与H218O的交换在B2O3/γ-Al2O3和TS-1只能进行到一定程度，这暗示固体酸上腈中间体的解离不如经典的机理完全。提出了解离度(α)的概念，其定义为解离了中间体腈与总中间体腈之比。通过拟合实验数据和同位素标记的产品的计算公式，获得了B2O3/γ-Al2O3和TS-1上α 值分别为0.199和0.806的结果。 其次，采用对氧化铝表面合适氟化的方法，对氟化的氧化铝的性能进行研究。发现氧化铝表面氟化可以改善Beckmann重排的性能。氧化铝表面氟化可以消除其表面碱性位，说明了催化剂表面碱性位不利于Beckmann重排。而完全氟化的氧化铝的选择性不如某些固体酸如负载B2O3和Silicalite-1，暗示着表面酸强度也影响催化剂的选择性。同时，我们对适合气相Beckmann重排的催化剂进行了简单的筛选。发现一种稀土焦磷酸盐有可能是适合此反应的催化剂。 再次，研究了稀土焦磷酸盐催化剂上气相Beckmann重排。通过对一些稀土磷酸进行XRD,FT-IR,NH3-TPD和水接触角等表征，发现这类催化剂上表面的弱酸位以及合适的表面疏水是它们具有较好性能的原因。 再次，对焦磷酸铈催化剂的合成以及反应氛围进行了优化。发现优化的反应氛围为催化剂在pH在3~4时沉淀，在500~550度焙烧，在~350度反应，载气~80ml/min，空速在0.43h-1时反应，能保持转化率在98％以上，选择性在70％以上，8小时不失活。 最后，采用P123作为模板剂合成了一种新型的中孔稀土磷酸盐，这种稀土磷酸盐具有无序的虫洞形结构。应用这种新型的中孔稀土磷酸盐于酚类甲醇氧烷基化获得了较好的结果。与不加表面活性剂的材料相比，这种中孔稀土磷酸盐在低温下具有更大的活性并且其选择性不受损失。认为这种中孔的形态对催化性能具有好的影响。

Characterization of iron atoms in the framework of MFI-type zeolites by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Silicalite-I, ZSM-5, and Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites prepared from two different silicon sources are characterized by UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron spin resonance (ESR), and UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/Vis DRS). A new technique for investigating zeolitic structure, UV resonance Raman spectroscopy selectively enhances the Raman bands associated with framework iron atoms incorporated into MFI-type zeolites, and it is very sensitive in identifying the iron atoms in the framework of zeolites, while other techniques such as XRD, ESR, and UV/Vis DRS have failed in uncovering trace amounts of iron atoms in the framework of zeolites. (C) 2000 Academic Press.