Canine retraction and anchorage loss Self-ligating versus conventional brackets in a randomized split-mouth study

Objective: To evaluate the velocity of canine retraction, anchorage loss and changes on canine and first molar inclinations using self-ligating and conventional brackets.Materials and Methods: Twenty-five adults with Class I malocclusion and a treatment plan involving extractions of four first premolars were selected for this randomized split-mouth control trial. Patients had either conventional or self-ligating brackets bonded to maxillary canines randomly. Retraction was accomplished using 100-g nickel-titanium closed coil springs, which were reactivated every 4 weeks. Oblique radiographs were taken before and after canine retraction was completed, and the cephalograms were superimposed on stable structures of the maxilla. Cephalometric points were digitized twice by a blinded operator for error control, and the following landmarks were collected: canine cusp and apex horizontal changes, molar cusp and apex horizontal changes, and angulation changes in canines and molars. The blinded data, which were normally distributed, were analyzed through paired t-tests for group differences.Results: No differences were found between the two groups for all variables tested.Conclusions: Both brackets showed the same velocity of canine retraction and loss of anteroposterior anchorage of the molars. No changes were found between brackets regarding the inclination of canines and first molars.

Comparative assessment of conventional and self-ligating appliances on the effect of mandibular intermolar distance in adolescent nonextraction patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial

Our aim in this study was to compare intermolar widths after alignment of crowded mandibular dental arches in nonextraction adolescent patients between conventional and self-ligating brackets.

Initial orthodontic alignment effectiveness with self-ligating and conventional appliances: a network meta-analysis in practice.

Systematic reviews of well-designed trials constitute a high level of scientific evidence and are important for medical decision making. Meta-analysis facilitates integration of the evidence using a transparent and systematic approach, leading to a broader interpretation of treatment effectiveness and safety than can be attained from individual studies. Traditional meta-analyses are limited to comparing just 2 interventions concurrently and cannot combine evidence concerning multiple treatments. A relatively recent extension of the traditional meta-analytical approach is network meta-analysis, which allows, under certain assumptions, the quantitative synthesis of all evidence under a unified framework and across a network of all eligible trials. Network meta-analysis combines evidence from direct and indirect information via common comparators; interventions can therefore be ranked in terms of the analyzed outcome. In this article, the network meta-analysis approach is introduced in a nontechnical manner using a worked example on the treatment effectiveness of conventional and self-ligating appliances.

Perception de la douleur durant le traitement orthodontique avec boîtiers auto-ligaturants

Introduction Cette recherche constitue une étude clinique descriptive, visant à évaluer la douleur durant le traitement orthodontique avec boîtiers auto-ligaturants passifs et actifs. Matériel et méthode L'étude a été effectuée chez 39 patients (18 garçons, 21 filles), âge moyen 14 (entre 11 et 19 ans). Deux types de boîtiers auto-ligaturants ont été utilisés (SPEED n=20 et Damon n=19). Pour évaluer la douleur, un questionnaire a été élaboré par l'équipe de recherche. L’étude comportait 4 phases, c’est-à-dire l’évaluation de la douleur suite à l’insertion des 4 premiers fils orthodontiques du traitement de chaque patient (0.016 Supercable, 016 CuNiTi, 016X022 CuNiTi, 019X025 CuNiTi). Le même questionnaire était utilisé lors de chaque phase et le questionnaire comprenait 6 différents temps (T0: avant l’insertion du fil orthodontique, T1: immédiatement suite à l’insertion du fil, T2: 5h après l’insertion, T3: 24h après l’insertion, T4: 3 jours après l’insertion, T5: une semaine après l’insertion, T6: 4 semaines après l’insertion) suite à l’insertion de chaque fil. L’échelle visuelle analogue (EVA) et la version courte du questionnaire de Saint-Antoine ont été utilisés afin d’évaluer la douleur. Les données des EVA entre les groupes ont été comparées en utilisant le U test Mann-Whitney. Résultats et discussion Pour les deux premiers fils et pour tous les temps étudiés, il n’y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative entre les deux groupes (SPEED et Damon). Cependant, au moment de l’insertion (T0) du troisième fil (016X022 CuNiTi), parmi les patients ayant rapporté de la douleur (SPEED 47.1%, Damon 55.6%), le groupe Damon a rapporté une douleur significativement plus élevée que le groupe SPEED (p=0.018), (EVA moyenne SPEED=14.14±8.55, Damon=33.85±19.64). Trois jours après l’insertion du troisième fil, toujours parmi les patients ayant rapporté de la douleur (SPEED 23.5%, Damon 33.4%), la douleur était significativement plus élevée chez le groupe Damon que chez le groupe SPEED (p=0.008), (EVA moyenne SPEED=8.74±4.87, Damon=25.15±9.69). La plupart des analgésiques ont été pris suite à la pose du premier fil au temps T2 (5h) et T3 (24h). Il n’y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative entre les groupes en ce qui a trait au nombre de patients qui prenaient des analgésiques. La douleur n’a pas affecté le style de vie pour la grande majorité des patients. Les mots descriptifs sensoriels « tiraillement », « étau » et « élancement » et le mot affectif « énervant » étaient le plus souvent utilisés. Conclusion Les patients du groupe Damon ont ressenti significativement plus de douleur que les patients du groupe SPEED à l’insertion du troisième fil et trois jours suite à l’insertion. Plus de patients ont pris des médicaments pour la douleur avec le premier fil et le style de vie n’était pas affecté pour une majorité de patients. « Tiraillement », « étau », « élancement » et « énervant » étaient les mots descriptifs les plus utilisés par les patients pour décrire leur douleur.

Une évaluation de la dimension de la lumière de boîtiers 0,018" provenant de quatre différents manufacturiers. Existe-t-il un standard dans l’industrie?

Introduction: The objective of this experimental research was to evaluate the slot’s vertical dimension and profile of four different 0.018″ self-ligating brackets and to identify the level of tolerance accepted by manufacturers during the fabrication process. It was then possible to calculate and compare the torque play of those brackets using the measured values and the nominal values. Material and Methods: Twenty-five 0.018″ self-ligating brackets of upper left central incisors from the following manufacturers, Speed® (Strite Industries, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada), InOvationR® (GAC, Bohemia, NY, USA), CarriereLX® (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and SmartClip® (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), were evaluated using electron microscopy with 150X images. The height of each bracket was measured at every 100 microns of depth from the lingual wall at five different levels. A Student T test was then used to compare our results with the manufacturer’s stated value of 0.018″. To determine if there was a significant difference between the four manufacturers, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed at the significance level of p<0.05. The torque play was then calculated using geometrical formulas. Results: On average, Speed brackets were oversized by 2.7%[MV 0.0185″ (SD:0.002)], InOvationR by 3.7% [MV 0.0187″ (SD:0.002)], CarriereLX by 3.2% [MV 0.0186″ (SD:0.002)] and SmartClipSL by 5.0% [MV 0.0189″ (SD:0.002)]. The height of all brackets was significantly higher than the nominal value of 0.018″ (p<0.001). The slot of SmartClip brackets was significantly larger than those of the other three manufacturers (p<0.001). None of the brackets studied had parallel gingival and occlusal walls; some were convergent and others divergent. These variations can induce a torque play up to 4.5 degrees with a 0.017″x0.025″ wire and 8.0 degrees with a 0.016″x0.022″ wire. Conclusion: All studied brackets were oversized. None of the brackets studied had parallel gingival and occlusal walls and there was no standard between manufacturers for the geometry of their slots. These variations can cause a slight increase of the torque play between the wire and the bracket compared with the nominal value.

Comparaison de la perception de la douleur entre le traitement orthodontique avec Invisalign® et le traitement avec fils et boîtiers fixes

Introduction : L’inconfort causé par les appareils orthodontiques peut significativement affecter la coopération des patients dans leur traitement. La douleur, ainsi que la détérioration de la fonction (mastication, élocution) sont reconnus comme les déterminants majeurs de la coopération des patients traités par appareils amovibles. Invisalign® se positionne comme une alternative esthétique aux multiples inconforts observés lors des traitements fixes avec boîtiers. À ce jour, peu d’études ont cherché à comparer la douleur (quantitativement et qualitativement) perçue entre cette technique et celle avec boîtiers fixes sur une longue période. Objectif : L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la douleur ressentie par les patients qui suivent un traitement orthodontique avec coquilles correctrices Invisalign® et de la comparer avec celle des patients qui suivent un traitement orthodontique conventionnel avec des boîtiers fixes. Matériels et Méthodes: L’étude compte 70 patients (29 garçons, 41 filles), moyenne d’âge de 16 ans [11 à 30]. Les trois sous-groupes sont Invisalign® (n=31), boîtiers Damon (n=19) et boîtiers Speed (n=20). Les groupes avec boîtiers (Damon et Speed) sont les 2 groupes de l’étude menée au sein de la clinique d’Orthodontie de l’Université de Montréal en 2011 qui comparait la perception de la douleur durant le traitement orthodontique entre boîtiers auto-ligaturants passifs et actifs. L’étude a été organisée en 4 phases correspondant à l’insertion des 4 premiers fils pour les groupes avec boîtiers (Phase 1: 0,016" Supercable, Phase 2: 0,016" CuNiTi, Phase 3: 0,016"x0,022" CuNiTi, Phase 4: 0,019"x0,025" CuNiTi) et à l’insertion des coquilles 1, 4, 7 et 10 pour le groupe Invisalign®. À l’aide d’un questionnaire, l’étude évalue pour chaque phase l’ampleur (grâce à une échelle visuelle analogue EVA), la durée et la localisation de la douleur à 6 différents points (T1: immédiatement après l’insertion, T2: 5h après, T3: 24h après, T4: 3 jours après, T5: une semaine après, T6: 2 semaines après). Résultats: À T1Ph3 le pourcentage de patients rapportant de la douleur était plus élevé avec Damon qu’avec Invisalign® (p=0,032) (Damon=55,6% ; Invisalign®=23,3%) mais il n’y avait pas de différence avec le groupe Speed (p=0,114). Les patients avec Invisalign® rapportaient significativement moins d’irritation des tissus mous (muqueuses, gencives) que les patients avec des boîtiers. Pour les résultats des EVA, les différences étaient statistiquement significatives à 2 temps : T3Ph1 (Médiane Invisalign®=33,31, Médiane Speed=49,47; p=0,025) et T3Ph4 (Médiane Invisalign®=13,15, Médiane Damon=27,28; p=0,014). Pour la majorité des patients la douleur ne nécessitait pas la prise de médicament et il n’y avait pas de différence significative entre les groupes sur ce point. La qualité de vie était légèrement affectée lors de la première phase et moindrement pour le groupe Invisalign® que pour les groupes avec boîtiers. Pour les patients Invisalign®, la douleur atteignait son niveau le plus élevé entre 5 et 24 heures après l’insertion de la première coquille, et diminuait en intensité et en durée à chaque phase. Conclusion: La perception de la douleur lors d’un traitement orthodontique avec Invisalign® est inférieure à celle ressentie lors d’un traitement avec des boîtiers fixes. Cette méthode de traitement est donc une thérapie attirante pour les patients désirant un traitement esthétique et relativement confortable.

Adesão bacteriana em braquetes metálicos com tratamento de superfície: estudo in vitro

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas de fios de Níquel-Titânio após incorporação de dobras e/ou tratamento elétrico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparative study of classic friction among different archwire ligation systems

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare three alternative methods for controlling classical friction: Self-ligating brackets (SLB), special brackets (SB) and special elastomeric ligatures (SEB). METHODS: The study compared Damon MX, Smart Clip, In-Ovation and Easy Clip self-ligating bracket systems, the special Synergy brackets and Morelli's twin bracket with special 8-shaped elastomeric ligatures. New and used Morelli brackets with new and used elastomeric ligatures were used as control. All brackets had 0.022 x 0.028-in slots. 0.014-in nickel-titanium and stainless steel 0.019 x 0.025-in wires were tied to first premolar steel brackets using each archwire ligation method and pulled by an Instron machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Prior to the mechanical tests the absence of binding in the device was ruled out. Statistical analysis consisted of the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple non-parametric analyses at a 1% significance level. RESULTS: When a 0.014-in archwire was employed, all ligation methods exhibited classical friction forces close to zero, except Morelli brackets with new and old elastomeric ligatures, which displayed 64 and 44 centiNewtons, respectively. When a 0.019 x 0.025-in archwire was employed, all ligation methods exhibited values close to zero, except the In-Ovation brackets, which yielded 45 cN, and the Morelli brackets with new and old elastomeric ligatures, which displayed 82 and 49 centiNewtons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Damon MX, Easy Clip, Smart Clip, Synergy bracket systems and 8-shaped ligatures proved to be equally effective alternatives for controlling classical friction using 0.014-in nickel-titanium archwires and 0.019 x 0.025-in steel archwires, while the In-Ovation was efficient with 0.014-in archwires but with 0.019 x 0.025-in archwires it exhibited friction that was similar to conventional brackets with used elastomeric ligatures.

A comparative assessment of torque generated by lingual and conventional brackets

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bracket type on the labiopalatal moments generated by lingual and conventional brackets. Incognito™ lingual brackets (3M Unitek), STb™ lingual brackets (Light Lingual System; ORMCO), In-Ovation L lingual brackets (DENTSPLY GAC), and conventional 0.018 inch slot brackets (Gemini; 3M Unitek) were bonded on identical maxillary acrylic resin models with levelled and aligned teeth. Each model was mounted on the orthodontic measurement and simulation system and 10 0.0175 × 0.0175 TMA wires were used for each bracket type. The wire was ligated with elastomerics into the Incognito, STb, and conventional brackets and each measurement was repeated once after religation. A 15 degrees buccal root torque (+15 degrees) and then a 15 degrees palatal root torque (-15 degrees) were gradually applied to the right central incisor bracket. After each activation, the bracket returned to its initial position and the moments in the sagittal plane were recorded during these rotations of the bracket. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc multiple comparisons (Tukey test at 0.05 error rate) was conducted to assess the effect on bracket type on the generated moments. The magnitude of maximum moment at +15 degrees ranged 8.8, 8.2, 7.1, and 5.8 Nmm for the Incognito, STb, conventional Gemini, and the In-Ovation L brackets, respectively; similar values were recorded at -15 degrees: 8.6, 8.1, 7.0, and 5.7 Nmm, respectively. The recorded differences of maximum moments were statistically significant, except between the Incognito and STb brackets. Additionally, the torque angles were evaluated at which the crown torque fell well below the minimum levels of 5.0 Nmm, as well as the moment/torque ratio at the last part of the activation/deactivation curve, between 10 and 15 degrees. The lowest torque expression was observed at the self-ligating lingual brackets, followed by the conventional brackets. The Incognito and STb lingual brackets generated the highest moments.

Investigation of bacteremia induced by removal of orthodontic mini-implants.

The aim of this study was to investigate potential occurrence of bacteremia in orthodontic patients after removal of miniscrews.The study group comprised 30 healthy subjects (17 males, 13 females) with a mean age of 24.1 years treated with self-ligating fixed appliances and mini-implant anchorage. Two 20 ml venous blood samples were obtained prior to and 30-60 seconds after miniscrew explantation following an aseptic technique. Blood culturing in aerobic and anaerobic conditions was carried out by means of the BACTEC blood culture analyzer. Microbiological analysis showed that none of the pre- and post-operative samples exhibited detectable bacteremia. Future research should be focused on determining the collective bacteremic effect of a sequence of orthodontic procedures including miniscrew placement or removal, typically performed during a single treatment session.

The timing of significant arch dimensional changes with fixed orthodontic appliances: data from a multicenter randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES To identify the timing of significant arch dimensional increases during orthodontic alignment involving round and rectangular nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires and rectangular stainless steel (SS). A secondary aim was to compare the timing of changes occurring with conventional and self-ligating fixed appliance systems. METHODS In this non-primary publication, additional data from a multicenter randomised trial initially involving 96 patients, aged 16 years and above, were analysed. The main pre-specified outcome measures were the magnitude and timing of maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar dimensions. Each participant underwent alignment with a standard Damon (Ormco, Orange, CA) wire sequence for a minimum of 34 weeks. Blinding of clinicians and patients was not possible; however, outcome assessors and data analysts were kept blind to the appliance type during data analysis. RESULTS Complete data were obtained from 71 subjects. Significant arch dimensional changes were observed relatively early in treatment. In particular, changes in maxillary inter-first and second premolar dimensions occurred after alignment with an 0.014in. NiTi wire (P<0.05). No statistical differences in transverse dimensions were found between rectangular NiTi and working SS wires for each transverse dimension (P>0.05). Bracket type had no significant effect on the timing of the transverse dimensional changes. CONCLUSIONS Arch dimensional changes were found to occur relatively early in treatment, irrespective of the appliance type. Nickel-titanium wires may have a more profound effect on transverse dimensions than previously believed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE On the basis of this research orthodontic expansion may occur relatively early in treatment. Nickel-titanium wires may have a more profound effect on transverse dimensions than previously believed.

Avaliação das inclinações dentárias obtidas no tratamento ortodôntico com bráquetes autoligados utilizando tomografia computadorizada

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a expressão dos torques dentários em pacientes tratados com aparelhos ortodônticos fixos com bráquetes autoligados, utilizando tomografias computadorizadas. Para este estudo, foi selecionada uma amostra clínica de 10 pacientes, seguindo como critérios de inclusão, indivíduos que apresentavam dentição permanente e todos os dentes presentes, com apinhamento superior ou igual a 4 mm, tratados sem extração. Todos os pacientes foram tratados na clínica da pós-graduação em Ortodontia da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, utilizando-se bráquetes autoligados Damon 2 ORMCO na prescrição padrão. Foram realizadas medições das inclinações dos dentes anteriores, de canino a canino, superiores e inferiores, realizadas por meio de imagens tomográficas obtidas em um tomógrafo computadorizado volumétrico NewTom, em seu modelo DVT-9000 (NIM Verona - Itália), obtidas em dois tempos: antes do início do tratamento ortodôntico (denominado de T1) e depois do tratamento ortodôntico, após a inserção do último fio de nivelamento, de calibre 0,019 x 0,025 de aço inoxidável(denominado de T2). Para auxílio destas mensurações, foi utilizado o software QR-DVT 9000 e após análise dos resultados foram aplicados testes estatíscos (testes "t" pareado e Dalberg) e observou-se que as inclinações dos dentes do segmento anterior aumentaram, principalmente, nos caninos e incisivos laterais superiores, incisivos centrais e laterais inferiores. Os dentes apresentaram valores de inclinação diferentes da prescrição, tanto no início quanto no final do tratamento, denotando a incapacidade do fio 0,019 x 0,025 de aço inoxidável em reproduzir os torques indicados na prescrição padrão utilizada neste presente estudo.(AU)

Avaliação das inclinações dentárias obtidas no tratamento ortodôntico com bráquetes autoligados utilizando tomografia computadorizada

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a expressão dos torques dentários em pacientes tratados com aparelhos ortodônticos fixos com bráquetes autoligados, utilizando tomografias computadorizadas. Para este estudo, foi selecionada uma amostra clínica de 10 pacientes, seguindo como critérios de inclusão, indivíduos que apresentavam dentição permanente e todos os dentes presentes, com apinhamento superior ou igual a 4 mm, tratados sem extração. Todos os pacientes foram tratados na clínica da pós-graduação em Ortodontia da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, utilizando-se bráquetes autoligados Damon 2 ORMCO na prescrição padrão. Foram realizadas medições das inclinações dos dentes anteriores, de canino a canino, superiores e inferiores, realizadas por meio de imagens tomográficas obtidas em um tomógrafo computadorizado volumétrico NewTom, em seu modelo DVT-9000 (NIM Verona - Itália), obtidas em dois tempos: antes do início do tratamento ortodôntico (denominado de T1) e depois do tratamento ortodôntico, após a inserção do último fio de nivelamento, de calibre 0,019 x 0,025 de aço inoxidável(denominado de T2). Para auxílio destas mensurações, foi utilizado o software QR-DVT 9000 e após análise dos resultados foram aplicados testes estatíscos (testes "t" pareado e Dalberg) e observou-se que as inclinações dos dentes do segmento anterior aumentaram, principalmente, nos caninos e incisivos laterais superiores, incisivos centrais e laterais inferiores. Os dentes apresentaram valores de inclinação diferentes da prescrição, tanto no início quanto no final do tratamento, denotando a incapacidade do fio 0,019 x 0,025 de aço inoxidável em reproduzir os torques indicados na prescrição padrão utilizada neste presente estudo.(AU)

AVALIAÇÃO DAS ALTERAÇÕES DENTÁRIAS E DO PERFIL FACIAL OBTIDAS NO TRATAMENTO ORTODÔNTICO COM BRAQUETES AUTOLIGADOS

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar as inclinações dentárias e o perfil facial de pacientes tratados ortodonticamente com braquete autoligado Damon 2, prescrição padrão. Para este estudo, foi selecionada uma amostra de 18 indivíduos, sendo 12 do sexo masculino e 6 do feminino, com idades que variaram de 12 a 20 anos (idade média de 15 anos) e que apresentavam discrepância de modelo negativa (de 4 mm a 15 mm). Como critério de inclusão, os pacientes deveriam apresentar dentição permanente completa até os segundos molares, má oclusão de Classe I de Angle, telerradiografias em norma lateral do início e final do tratamento ortodôntico e modelos de estudo em gesso dos arcos dentários superiores e inferiores do início e final do tratamento ortodôntico. As medições das inclinações ântero-posteriores dos incisivos centrais superiores e incisivos centrais inferiores e alterações do perfil facial foram realizadas por meio das telerradiografias em norma lateral. As distâncias transversais das regiões de cúspide e cervical inter-caninos, primeiros e segundos pré-molares e primeiros molares, foram obtidas medindo-se os modelos de gesso. Todas as mensurações foram realizadas nas telerradiografias e modelos de gesso obtidos antes do início do tratamento ortodôntico (T1) e no final do tratamento (T2). Após a coleta de todos os dados aplicou-se o teste t de Student para comparar as medidas dos dois tempos avaliados neste estudo. Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) na inclinação dos incisivos centrais inferiores e nas dimensões transversais inter-cúspides e inter-cervicais dos primeiros e segundos pré-molares e primeiros molares na maxila. Na mandíbula todas as distâncias transversais (inter cúspides e cervicais) de caninos, primeiros e segundos pré-molares e primeiros molares apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,05), exceto a distância inter-cervical dos caninos inferiores. Concluímos que o tratamento ortodôntico sem extrações de pacientes com má oclusão de Classe I realizados com os braquetes Damon 2, prescrição padrão, não promoveu alteração na inclinação vestíbulo-lingual dos incisivos centrais superiores, aumentou a inclinação vestibular dos incisivos centrais inferiores, não alterou o perfil facial e aumentou de modo significativo a dimensão transversal da maxila e da mandíbula por meio de inclinação vestibular de coroa.(AU)