Common Scientific Lexicon for Automatic Discourse Analysis of Scientific and Technical Texts

The paper reports on preliminary results of an ongoing research aiming at development of an automatic procedure for recognition of discourse-compositional structure of scientific and technical texts, which is required in many NLP applications. The procedure exploits as discourse markers various domain-independent words and expressions that are specific for scientific and technical texts and organize scientific discourse. The paper discusses features of scientific discourse and common scientific lexicon comprising such words and expressions. Methodological issues of development of a computer dictionary for common scientific lexicon are concerned; basic principles of its organization are described as well. Main steps of the discourse-analyzing procedure based on the dictionary and surface syntactical analysis are pointed out.

A prostitute's progress : male prostitution in scientific discourse

This paper examines discourses of male prostitution through an analysis of scientific texts. A contrast is drawn between nineteenth-century understandings of male prostitution and twentieth-century accounts of male prostitution. In contrast to female prostitution, male prostitution was not regarded as a significant social problem throughout the nineteenth century, despite its close association with gender deviation and social disorder. Changing conceptions of sexuality, linked with the emergence of the ���adolescent���, drew scientific attention to male prostitution during the 1940s and 1950s. Research suggested that male prostitution was a problem associated with the development of sexual identity. Through the application of scientific techniques, which tagged and differentiated male prostitute populations, a language developed about male prostitution that allowed for normative assessments and judgements to be made concerning particular classes of male prostitute. The paper highlights how a broad distinction emerged between public prostitutes, regarded as heterosexual/masculine, and private prostitutes, regarded as homosexual/effeminate. This distinction altered the way in which male prostitution was understood and governed, allowing for male prostitution to be constituted as a public health concern.

Foretelling darwinism, revising race: Poe's scientific discourse in "The murders in the rue Morgue"

Having recently celebrated the bicentenary of Edgar Allan Poe���s birth, his tales still remain an invaluable source of ongoing interpretation. The first tale that conforms his detective trilogy, ���The Murders in the Rue Morgue���, has been analysed from multiple perpectives, especially taking into consideration the discourse of race as a main focus of attention. Nonetheless, detective Auguste Dupin���s references to Georges Cuvier, an important preDarwinian French naturalist and zoologist, have often been unnoticed. This article aims at identifying pre-Darwinian concepts about selection and evolution in Poe���s tale so as to facilitate readings of the tale in relation to Darwinism and evolutionary theories

SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE RHETORIC: FROM THE THEORETICAL BASIS TO THE PRODUCTION OF DIDACTIC MATERIAL FOR UNDERGRADUATE CHEMISTRY TEACHING

This work is part of a study that focused on analyzing the contributions of didactic activities related to scientific language rhetoric characteristics aimed at developing students' abilities to identify such characteristics in chemistry scientific texts and critical reading of those texts. In this study, we present the theoretical basis adopted to determine the scientific discourse characteristics and for the production of the didactic material used in those activities. Latour, Coracini and Campanario studies on persuasive rhetorical strategies present in scientific articles aided the production of such material.

A gaze to rural education according to scientific discourses during the last decade

He largest proportion of illiteracy and lack of access to education in the world is concentrated in rural areas; therefore it is important to ensure there is access to quality education in these spots. This challenge is assumed by different branches of social research and it is reflected within the publication of articles in scientific journals. In the present document the scientific discourse surrounding the theme of rural education during the last decade was analyzed. To do this, the paper focuses on three aspects: the countries that set the agenda, the geographical areas that represent most of the attention and the prevalent themes within continents. It was observed that USA was the most productive country in terms of scientific writings with 30%; that Asia is really interested in health issues associated to rural education; that in Europe gender issues are on the table and that the African and Asian continents, as well as Latin America, are interested only on their own issues, as 100% of the times they only wrote about themselves.

Learning in the third space : a sociocultural perspective on learning with analogies

Research on analogies in science education has focussed on student interpretation of teacher and textbook analogies, psychological aspects of learning with analogies and structured approaches for teaching with analogies. Few studies have investigated how analogies might be pivotal in students��� growing participation in chemical discourse. To study analogies in this way requires a sociocultural perspective on learning that focuses on ways in which language, signs, symbols and practices mediate participation in chemical discourse. This study reports research findings from a teacher-research study of two analogy-writing activities in a chemistry class. The study began with a theoretical model, Third Space, which informed analyses and interpretation of data. Third Space was operationalized into two sub-constructs called Dialogical Interactions and Hybrid Discourses. The aims of this study were to investigate sociocultural aspects of learning chemistry with analogies in order to identify classroom activities where students generate Dialogical Interactions and Hybrid Discourses, and to refine the operationalization of Third Space. These aims were addressed through three research questions. The research questions were studied through an instrumental case study design. The study was conducted in my Year 11 chemistry class at City State High School for the duration of one Semester. Data were generated through a range of data collection methods and analysed through discourse analysis using the Dialogical Interactions and Hybrid Discourse sub-constructs as coding categories. Results indicated that student interactions differed between analogical activities and mathematical problem-solving activities. Specifically, students drew on discourses other than school chemical discourse to construct analogies and their growing participation in chemical discourse was tracked using the Third Space model as an interpretive lens. Results of this study led to modification of the theoretical model adopted at the beginning of the study to a new model called Merged Discourse. Merged Discourse represents the mutual relationship that formed during analogical activities between the Analog Discourse and the Target Discourse. This model can be used for interpreting and analysing classroom discourse centred on analogical activities from sociocultural perspectives. That is, it can be used to code classroom discourse to reveal students��� growing participation with chemical (or scientific) discourse consistent with sociocultural perspectives on learning.

Learning science through real-world contexts

Curriculum developers and researchers have promoted context based programmes to arrest waning student interest and participation in the enabling sciences at high school and university. Context-based programmes aim for connections between scientific discourse and real-world contexts to elevate curricular relevance without diminishing conceptual understanding. Literature relating to context-based approaches to learning will be reviewed in this chapter. In particular, international trends in curricular development and results from evaluations of major projects (e.g. PLON, Salters Advanced Chemistry, ChemCom) will be highlighted. Research projects that explore context-based interventions focusing on such outcomes as student interest, perceived relevance and conceptual understanding also will feature in the review. The chapter culminates with a discussion of current context-based research that interprets classroom actions from a dialectical socio-cultural framework, and identifies possible new directions for research.

Academic success in context-based chemistry : Demonstrating fluid transitions between concepts and context

Curriculum developers and researchers have promoted context-based programmes to arrest waning student interest and participation in the enabling sciences at high school and university. Context-based programmes aim for student connections between scientific discourse and real-world contexts to elevate curricular relevance without diminishing conceptual understanding. This interpretive study explored the learning transactions in one 11th grade context-based chemistry classroom where the context was the local creek. The dialectic of agency/structure was used as a lens to examine how the practices in classroom interactions afforded students the agency for learning. The results suggest that first, fluid transitions were evident in the student���student interactions involving successful students; and second, fluid transitions linking concepts to context were evident in the students��� successful reports. The study reveals that the structures of writing and collaborating in groups enabled students��� agential and fluent movement between the field of the real-world creek and the field of the formal chemistry classroom. Furthermore, characteristics of academically successful students in context-based chemistry are highlighted. Research, teaching, and future directions for context-based science teaching are discussed.

Elite Bargaining and the Evolution of Centre-Periphery Relations in Post-Soviet Russia : A Comparative Analysis

This work is concerned with presenting a modified theoretical approach to the study of centre-periphery relations in the Russian Federation. In the widely accepted scientific discourse, the Russian federal system under the Yeltsin Administration (1991-2000) was asymmetrical; largely owing to the varying amount of structural autonomy distributed among the federation s 89 constituent units. While providing an improved understanding as to which political and socio-economic structures contributed to federal asymmetry, it is felt that associated large N-studies have underemphasised the role played by actor agency in re-shaping Russian federal institutions. It is the main task of this thesis to reintroduce /re-emphasise the importance of actor agency as a major contributing element of institutional change in the Russian federal system. By focusing on the strategic agency of regional elites simultaneously within regional and federal contexts, the thesis adopts the position that political, ethnic and socio-economic structural factors alone cannot fully determine the extent to which regional leaders were successful in their pursuit of economic and political pay-offs from the institutionally weakened federal centre. Furthermore, this work hypothesises that under conditions of federal institutional uncertainty, it is the ability of regional leaders to simultaneously interpret various mutable structural conditions then translate them into plausible strategies which accounts for the regions ability to extract variable amounts of economic and political pay-offs from the Russian federal system. The thesis finds that while the hypothesis is accurate in its theoretical assumptions, several key conclusions provide paths for further inquiry posed by the initial research question. First, without reliable information or stable institutions to guide their actions, both regional and federal elites were forced into ad-hoc decision-making in order to maintain their core strategic focus: political survival. Second, instead of attributing asymmetry to either actor agency or structural factors exclusively, the empirical data shows that both agency and structures interact symbiotically in the strategic formulation process, thus accounting for the sub-optimal nature of several of the actions taken in the adopted cases. Third, as actor agency and structural factors mutate over time, so, too do the perceived payoffs from elite competition. In the case of the Russian federal system, the stronger the federal centre became, the less likely it was that regional leaders could extract the high degree of economic and political pay-offs that they clamoured for earlier in the Yeltsin period. Finally, traditional approaches to the study of federal systems which focus on institutions as measures of federalism are not fully applicable in the Russian case precisely because the institutions themselves were a secondary point of contention between competing elites. Institutional equilibriums between the regions and Moscow were struck only when highly personalised elite preferences were satisfied. Therefore the Russian federal system is the product of short-term, institutional solutions suited to elite survival strategies developed under conditions of economic, political and social uncertainty.

Nainen, mies, rakkaus, seksi : Heterosuhteen kulku, kulttuurinen malli ja sit�� selitt��v��t diskurssit kahden omael��m��kerta-aineiston valossa

The subject matter of this study is the cultural knowledge concerning romantic male-female relationships in autobiographies written by so called ordinary Finnish men and women born between 1901 and 1965. The research data (98 autobiographies) is selected from two collections by the Finnish Literature Society s folklore archives in the early 1990 s. Autobiographies are cultural representations where negotiation of shared cultural models and personal meanings given to hetero-relationship is evident in an interesting manner. In this research I analyze autobiographies as a written folklore genre. Information concerning male-female relationships is being analyzed using theoretically informed close readings thematic analysis, intertextual reading and reflexive reading. Theoretical implications stem from cognitive anthropology (the idea of cultural models) and an adaptation of discourse theory inspired by Michel Foucault. The structure of the analysis follows the structure of the shared knowledge concerning romantic male-female relationship: the first phase of analysis presents the script of a hetero-relationship and then moves into the actual structure, the cultural model of a relationship. The components of the model of relationship are, as mentioned in the title of the research, woman, man, love and sex. The research shows that all the writers share this basic knowledge concerning a heterosexual relationship despite their age, background or gender. Also the conflicts described and experienced in the relationships of the writers were similar throughout the timespan of the early 1900 s to 1990 s: lack of love, inability to reconcile sexual desires, housework, sharing the responsibility of childcare and financial problems. The research claims that the conflicts in relationships are a major cause for the binary view on gender. When relationships are harmonious, there seems to be no need to see men and women as opposites. The research names five important discourses present in the meaning giving processes of autobiographers. In doing so, the stabile cultural model of male-female relationship widens to show the complexity and variation in data. In this way it is possible to detect some age and gender specific shifts and emphasis. The discourses give meaning to the components of the cultural model and determine the contents of womanhood, manhood, sexuality and love. The way these discourses are spread and their authority are different: the romantic discourse evident in the autobiographies appeal to the authority of love supreme love is the purpose of male-female relationship and it justifies sexuality. In this discourse sex can be the place for confluence of genders. The ideas of romantic love are widely spread in popular culture. Popular scientific discourse defines a relationship as a site to become a man and a woman either from a psychological or a biological point of view. Genders are seen as opposites. These ideas are often presented in media and their authority in science which is seen as infallible. The Christian discourse defines men and women: both should work for the benefit of the nuclear family under the undisputed authority of God. Marital love is based on Christian virtues and within marriage sexuality is acceptable. The discourse I ve named folk tradition defines women and men as guardians of home and offspring. The authority of folk tradition comes from universal truth based in experience and truths known to the mediators of this discourse grandparents, parents and other elders or peers. Societal discourse defines the hetero relationship as the mainstay of society. The authority in societal discourse stems from the laws and regulations that control relationship practices.

Dietas da moda e transtornos alimentares: a constru����o de sentidos na busca do corpo perfeito e da vida saud��vel.

Com a maior valoriza����o da alimenta����o saud��vel e o crescente interesse das pessoas em rela����o �� dieta e �� imagem corporal, observamos o desencadeamento de dist��rbios do comportamento alimentar, como a ortorexia, e o espa��o da m��dia como divulga����o de um padr��o de corpo perfeito e da magia das dietas da moda. �� uma pesquisa qualitativa que atende a proposta do curso de doutorado com resultados public��veis em cap��tulos de livros ou artigos em peri��dico cient��fico. Os artigos s��o encadeados por uma trajet��ria tem��tica de constru����o de concep����es de alimenta����o saud��vel que permeia o universo das dietas e dos transtornos alimentares na sociedade contempor��nea. A metodologia segue referencial te��rico-conceitual para fundamenta����o de an��lise de elementos variados selecionados do campo no decorrer da pesquisa, com t��cnicas de an��lise semi��tica, revis��o de literatura e an��lise interpretativa com analogia entre sistemas culturais distintos. Na primeira publica����o, Dietas da moda: um processo incessante e ininterrupto..., foram analisadas e discutidas as dietas da moda em revistas impressas e sua rela����o com o consumo na sociedade. Em um segundo momento, foi necess��rio compreender o encanto que as dietas da moda suscitam no mundo de hoje. Este artigo, Dietas da moda: o feiticeiro, a magia e sua efic��cia simb��lica, corresponde a discuss��o da magia das dietas da moda na contemporaneidade, tra��ando uma analogia com textos de Claude L��vi-Strauss. O terceiro artigo, Ortorexia: o (des)encontro entre a sa��de e a doen��a, questiona uma concep����o de alimenta����o saud��vel que leva a ortorexia. Apresenta uma abordagem biopsicossocial por meio da revis��o de literatura e reflex��o conceitual do que �� sa��de, segundo Georges Canguilhem, explorando os conceitos de medicaliza����o, biopoder e biopol��tica de Michel Foucault. Na dieta da moda, seja alternativa, milagrosa ou m��gica, �� a moda e seus princ��pios de efemeridade, sedu����o e diferencia����o que v��o dirigir o olhar, principalmente das mulheres, para consumir a dieta evidenciada pela m��dia, respaldada pelo discurso cient��fico, fazendo parte de um processo incessante e ininterrupto pela busca do corpo perfeito e da vida saud��vel. Os elementos das dietas da moda, no senso comum, formam uma rede de encantamento comparada a rituais de magia descritos por L��vi-Strauss, como os pap��is do feiticeiro e do enfeiti��ado, que se organizam em torno da acusa����o para exibir a efic��cia de um feiti��o em algumas aldeias, e dos profissionais de sa��de que nestas revistas s��o legitimados pelo saber, e dos consumidores das revistas enfeiti��ados que refor��am resultados surpreendentes ou a pr��pria id��ia de alimenta����o saud��vel como algo m��gico, no mundo atual. Na seq����ncia, a ortorexia �� a exacerba����o das benesses de uma alimenta����o saud��vel, a pessoa assume pr��ticas alimentares para desintoxica����o corporal a partir da pureza dos alimentos, recorre a uma disciplina e controle rigorosos da alimenta����o di��ria, criando normas diet��ticas que levam ao isolamento e ao adoecimento, no sentido de sa��de como uma pot��ncia para constru����o e adapta����o de normas para um bem viver. A dissemina����o do biopoder e da biopol��tica favorece a restri����o de um regime de vida, voltado para o controle e a seguran��a. O indiv��duo �� responsabilizado por suas escolhas e adoecimento, pois poderia afastar os riscos �� sa��de com a medicaliza����o, ou uma dieta saud��vel que o purificasse dos males.

A representa����o da Educa����o F��sica na m��dia televisiva

Esta pesquisa foca a imagem profissional do professor de educa����o f��sica, considerando a notoriedade que essa profiss��o adquiriu na televis��o ao longo dos ��ltimos anos. O objetivo �� explicitar alguns dos sentidos relacionados �� abordagem da educa����o f��sica presente no contexto de duas programa����es exibidas pela Rede Globo de televis��o. A primeira foi retirada da d��cima oitava temporada da telenovela Malha����o, e a segunda do quadro MEDIDA CERTA/ 90 DIAS PARA REPROGRAMAR O CORPO exibido pelo programa Fant��stico no ano de 2011. A coleta dos dados ocorreu atrav��s do acesso ao site da emissora, que disponibiliza por um determinado tempo, os cap��tulos da telenovela, bem como as edi����es do quadro em foco. O m��todo utilizado para nortear a an��lise do processo de produ����o dos sentidos foi o referencial te��rico da An��lise do Discurso segundo a perspectiva de Orlandi. Esse m��todo nos permite percorrer trajet��rias capazes de evidenciar sentidos expl��citos e impl��citos coexistentes no discurso. Assim foram trilhados caminhos espec��ficos para compreens��o de cada fen��meno, ou seja, para os dados retirados de Malha����o lan��amos m��o da transcri����o de di��logos, apresenta����o de cenas e considera����o dos planos de c��mera utilizados em sua produ����o. Para os dados provenientes do quadro MEDIDA CERTA, realizamos transcri����o de falas e constru��mos categorias, que foram analisadas a partir de uma grade j�� existente, considerando o t��tulo, quem fala, o que �� dito, o intermedi��rio e as estrat��gias utilizadas para publica����o do discurso. Quanto aos resultados, foi poss��vel evidenciar que os sentidos relativos �� educa����o f��sica presentes na d��cima oitava temporada de Malha����o foram inspirados basicamente no paradigma competitivo da ��rea. Tamb��m foram conservados estere��tipos ultrapassados acerca do profissional e da profiss��o, pois, os sentidos relativos ao professor de educa����o f��sica idoso foram reduzidos �� potencializa����o de caracter��sticas ligadas �� desatualiza����o. E no que confere aos resultados obtidos com a an��lise do segundo fen��meno, clarificamos que a educa����o f��sica foi abordada com a utiliza����o do discurso cient��fico, a partir de estrat��gias pautadas no exemplo testado pelos jornalistas, e oferecidos aos telespectadores. A proposta presente no quadro MEDIDA CERTA colaborou para o entendimento de uma educa����o f��sica baseada na perspectiva biol��gica, que se estabelece frente �� imposi����o de um risco ao sujeito, se valorizando como fonte de salva����o e encontrando-se fragmentada das quest��es sociais. As an��lises de ambos os fen��menos evidenciam significados que permeiam a educa����o f��sica representada na m��dia no atual momento hist��rico, propiciando tamb��m reflex��es sobre alguns dos princ��pios que regem a elabora����o de pr��ticas corporais no ��mbito da educa����o f��sica.

From rhetoric to reality: advancing literacy by cross-curricular means

Cross-curricularity, literacy and critical literacy are currently promoted as components of a curriculum appropriate for the 21st century. The first two in particular are prescribed elements of classroom experience in Northern Ireland, which is the immediate context of this article, but also more widely in the UK. Teachers are implementing cross-curricular and inter-disciplinary initiatives, but rhetorical imperatives can translate into superficial realities. The reasons for this are explored, as are the reasons why inter-disciplinary studies, literacy across the curriculum and critical literacy are deemed to be of significance for education at the present time. The ���Making Science: Making News��� project is described, in which Key Stage 3 Science and English classes worked together, with input from a research scientist and a journalist, to produce articles on space science which were published in local newspapers. The outcomes of the project are discussed from the perspectives of both teachers and learners. It is argued that this project is an example of genuine inter-disciplinary activity; that it went beyond literacy skills to a deeper development of scientific discourse; and that, through its media connection, there was potential for building an ongoing awareness in pupils of critical literacy and scientific literacy.

Poetic Inquiry, Consumer Vulnerability: Realities of Quadriplegia

Alternative forms of research interpretation have been utilised within the social sciences. Poetic inquiry, an area of growing interest influences readership affectively as well as intelligently. Incorporating interview data as a poetic submission, this paper intends to reflexively capture, emotional intensity, hopelessness, liminality, voicelessness and self-transformative realities attendant to those experiencing vulnerability. The unintelligible language that can appropriate the poetic form, supports the elucidation of hidden narratives of more vulnerable inscapes. Consumer vulnerability lends itself to the power of poetry for legitimacy of the moment, where sensory imagery and nonce words attend hiatuses common in scientific discourse. The poetic inquiry, Vulnerability in Parts, is elicited from wider research with homebound consumers conducted over a two-year period, which draws on one homebound consumer���s experience of quadriplegia.

Perce����es sociais dos portugueses face aos riscos associados ��s altera����es clim��ticas

O aquecimento do sistema clim��tico �� inequ��voco e a influ��ncia humana �� clara. A continua����o da emiss��o de gases com efeito de estufa ir�� potenciar os impactes das altera����es clim��ticas, representando um compromisso futuro que se perpetuar�� por v��rios s��culos. As altera����es clim��ticas n��o proporcionam uma experi��ncia sensorial direta, embora as varia����es de temperatura e de precipita����o e os extremos clim��ticos de v��rios tipos poderem ser experienciados. O cidad��o comum n��o se apercebe do que est�� a acontecer, a menos que ocorram mudan��as significativas, no estado normal do tempo para uma determinada ��poca, na regi��o do mundo onde ele vive. Mesmo para os especialistas, o problema s�� �� cognosc��vel atrav��s de uma vasta rede cient��fica, t��cnica e institucional. O conhecimento, �� portanto, transmitido ao p��blico em geral maioritariamente atrav��s de representa����es dos media sobre o discurso produzido pela comunidade cient��fica. O principal objetivo deste trabalho �� averiguar a interliga����o entre o discurso cient��fico, o discurso medi��tico e as perce����es da popula����o portuguesa na tem��tica das altera����es clim��ticas. A metodologia utilizada, para a prossecu����o do objetivo, num trabalho que cruza o dom��nio cient��fico da engenharia do ambiente com o das ci��ncias sociais, encontra-se dividida em 3 fases principais: (1) Uma primeira fase onde se realiza uma an��lise ao discurso cient��fico de produ����o nacional, com uma an��lise de conte��do aos resumos dos artigos cient��ficos, utilizando 884 resumos da base de dados Scopus de 1975 a 2013 com a palavra-chave ���Climate Change���; (2) Uma segunda fase onde se analisa o conte��do de not��cias de meios de comunica����o social portugueses, aplicando uma an��lise de conte��do a 4340 not��cias veiculadas por 4 ��rg��os de comunica����o social (Correio da Manh��, P��blico, RTP e TSF) entre 2004 e 2013, utilizando os respetivos motores de busca online com a palavra-chave ���Altera����es Clim��ticas���; e, (3) uma terceira fase onde se compila a informa����o dos estudos existentes sobre a popula����o portuguesa, utilizando os dados dos Eurobar��metros que incluem o tema das altera����es clim��ticas de 1982 a 2014. Seguindo uma linha condutora que inclui o discurso cient��fico, o discurso medi��tico e as perce����es sociais, almejou-se uma abrang��ncia do tema das altera����es clim��ticas, investigando a exist��ncia do fen��meno e as respetivas causas, as consequ��ncias com a an��lise dos impactes e dos riscos associados a esses impactes e as solu����es atrav��s de medidas de mitiga����o e de adapta����o. Nos principais resultados emerge a evid��ncia de que a intensidade de crescimento da produ����o cient��fica nacional n��o se traduz num crescimento consistente dos ��ndices de noticiabilidade dos ��rg��os de comunica����o social e desde 2010 que o n��mero de dias por ano, sem not��cias sobre altera����es clim��ticas, ultrapassa dos 50%. Em consequ��ncia, os n��veis de informa����o da popula����o portuguesa sobre as altera����es clim��ticas s��o sistematicamente inferiores �� m��dia europeia. Em Portugal as taxas de pouco ou nulo conhecimento rondam os dois ter��os de inquiridos. N��o obstante o seu car��ter cont��nuo, para que as altera����es clim��ticas se tornem alvo de interesse dos media �� necess��rio que ocorram reuni��es pol��ticas, encontros cient��ficos ou outros acontecimentos. A visibilidade alcan��ada pelos acontecimentos nacionais �� muito fraca e os acontecimentos meteorol��gicos extremos, n��o s��o frequentemente relacionados com o fen��meno das altera����es clim��ticas. No seio da comunidade cient��fica portuguesa existe um claro consenso sobre a exist��ncia das altera����es clim��ticas e das suas causas antropog��nicas. No discurso medi��tico portugu��s n��o se verifica enviesamento da informa����o n��o sendo surpreendente os baixos n��veis de ceticismo dos portugueses. A abordagem aos impactes das altera����es clim��ticas, tanto no discurso cient��fico como no discurso medi��tico, �� robusta e em 2014, cerca de sete em dez portugueses afirma que as altera����es clim��ticas s��o um problema muito s��rio. Contudo, Portugal apresenta a propor����o mais baixa da Europa de respondentes que percepcionam as altera����es clim��ticas como o problema mais grave que o mundo enfrenta. Para estes resultados poder�� contribuir a baixa inclus��o de termos relacionados com o risco, tanto no discurso cient��fico como no medi��tico, n��o ultrapassando os 20%. Tanto o discurso cient��fico como o discurso medi��tico n��o est��o direcionados para as solu����es (mencionando especificamente medidas de mitiga����o ou medidas de adapta����o). A men����o ��s medidas de mitiga����o e ��s medidas de adapta����o n��o ultrapassam os 16% no discurso cient��fico e apresentam valores ainda mais baixos no discurso medi��tico (13%). Em ambos os discursos existe uma clara prefer��ncia pela men����o ��s medidas de adapta����o em detrimento das medidas de mitiga����o. Com valores t��o baixos na abordagem ��s solu����es das altera����es clim��ticas n��o surpreendem os tamb��m diminutos n��veis de responsabilidade que a popula����o portuguesa atribui a si pr��pria no combate ��s altera����es clim��ticas.